Deck 1: Introduction to Pathophysiology

Question 1

What is an acute episode of a chronic disease called?

A) an exacerbation
B) a prodromal period
C) a complication
D) a sequel

Answer 1

an exacerbation

Question 2

Etiology is defined as the study of the:

A) causes of a disease
B) course of a disease
C) expected complications of a disease
D) manifestations of a disease

Answer 2

causes of a disease

Question 3

The term cancer refers to:

A) dysplasia
B) hyperplasia
C) metaplasia
D) malignant neoplasm

Answer 3

malignant neoplasm

Question 4

Which of the following statements is TRUE?

A) Alteration of DNA does not change cell function.
B) Damaged cells may be able to repair themselves.
C) All types of cells die at the same rate.
D) Mild ischemia causes immediate cell death.

Question 5

The best definition of the term prognosis is the:

A) precipitating factors causing an acute episode
B) number of remissions to be expected during the course of a chronic illness
C) predicted outcome or likelihood of recovery from a specific disease
D) exacerbations occurring during chronic illness

Question 6

To which of the following does the term apoptosis refer?

A) increased rate of mitosis by certain cells
B) ischemic damage to cells
C) liquefaction of necrotic tissue
D) preprogrammed cell self-destruction

Question 7

Caseation necrosis refers to an area where:

A) cell proteins have been denatured
B) cell are liquefied by enzymes
C) dead cells form a thick cheesy substance
D) bacterial invasion has occurred

Question 8

Lack of exercise during an illness may cause skeletal muscle to undergo:

A) hypertrophy
B) dysplasia
C) atrophy
D) regeneration

Question 9

The term homeostasis refers to:

A) the causative factors in a particular disease
B) maintenance of a stable internal environment
C) a condition that triggers an acute episode
D) a collection of signs and symptoms

Question 10

When a group of cells in the body dies,the change is called:

A) ischemia
B) gangrene
C) hypoxia
D) necrosis

Question 11

Which of the following is considered a systemic sign of disease?

A) swelling of the knee
B) fever
C) pain in the neck
D) red rash on the face

Question 12

Which of the following would be the most likely cause of an iatrogenic disease?

A) an inherited disorder
B) a combination of specific etiologic factors
C) an unwanted effect of a prescribed drug
D) prolonged exposure to toxic chemicals in the environment

Question 13

Hypertrophy of the heart would be related to:

A) an increase in the size of the individual cells
B) an increase in the number of cells in an area
C) replacement of normal cells by a different type of cell
D) a decrease in the size of the individual cells

Question 14

A change in a tissue marked by cells that vary in size and shape and show increased mitotic figures would be called:

A) metaplasia
B) atrophy
C) dysplasia
D) hypertrophy

Question 15

The manifestations of a disease are best defined as the:

A) subjective feelings of discomfort during a chronic illness
B) signs and symptoms of a disease
C) factors that precipitate an acute episode of a chronic illness
D) early indicators of the prodromal stage of infection

Question 16

Pathophysiology involves the study of:

A) the structure of the human body
B) the functions of various organs in the body
C) functional or structural changes resulting from disease processes
D) various cell structures and related functions

Question 17

Which of the following is the best definition of epidemiology?

A) the science of tracking the occurrence and distribution of diseases
B) the relative number of deaths resulting from a particular disease
C) identification of a specific disease through evaluation of signs and symptoms
D) the global search for emerging diseases

Question 18

A circumstance that causes a sudden acute episode of a chronic disease to occur is termed:

A) latent stage
B) predisposing factor
C) incidence
D) precipitating factor

Question 19

Routine application of sun block to skin would be an example of:

A) an iatrogenic cause of cancer
B) a preventative measure
C) a precipitating factor
D) a predisposing condition

Question 20

Which term is used to describe a new and secondary or additional problem that arises after the original disease is established?

A) symptoms
B) occurrence
C) manifestations
D) complication

Question 21

When prolonged ischemia occurs to an area of the heart,the resulting damage is referred to as:

A) atrophy
B) liquefactive necrosis
C) apoptosis
D) infarction

Question 22

A short-term illness that develops very quickly with perhaps a high fever or severe pain is called:

A) acute
B) latent
C) chronic
D) manifestation

Question 23

The best definition of ischemia is:

A) the mechanical damage due to pressure on tissue
B) any imbalance of fluids or electrolytes in the body
C) a deficit of oxygen supply to the cells,due to circulatory obstruction
D) the effects of infection by microorganisms

Question 24

During the evaluation process for a new therapy's effectiveness and safety,a double blind study may be conducted during:

A) the first stage
B) the second stage
C) the third stage
D) any of these stages

Question 25

Which of the following conditions distinguishes double blind studies used in health research?

A) Neither the members of the control group or the experimental group nor the person administering the treatment know who is receiving the experimental therapy.
B) Both groups of research subjects and the person administering the treatment know who is receiving the experimental therapy.
C) The research subjects do not know,but the person administering the treatment knows who is receiving placebo or standard therapy.
D) Only members of the control group know they are receiving standard therapy.

Question 26

Cell damage may be caused by exogenous sources such as:

A) abnormal metabolic processes
B) certain food additives
C) genetic defects
D) localized hypoxia

Question 27

If the data collected from the research process confirm that the new treatment has increased effectiveness and is safe,this is called:

A) the placebo effect
B) evidence based research
C) blind research studies
D) approval for immediate distribution

Question 28

All of the following are part of the Seven Steps to Health EXCEPT:

A) follow cancer screening guidelines
B) use sun block agents whenever exposed
C) participate in strenuous exercise on a regular daily basis
D) choose high fiber,lower fat foods
E) avoid second hand smoke at all times

Question 29

All of the following statements are correct about cell damage EXCEPT:

A) The Initial stage of cell damage often causes an alteration in metabolic reactions.
B) If the factor causing the damage is removed quickly,the cell may be able to recover and return to its normal state.
C) If the noxious factor remains for an extended period of time,the damage becomes irreversible and the cell dies.
D) Initially cell damage does not change cell metabolism,structure,or function.

Question 30

Why are the predisposing factors for a specific disease important to health professionals?

A) to predict the prognosis
B) to determine treatments
C) to develop preventative measures
D) to develop morbidity statistics

Question 31

The term disease refers to:

A) the period of recovery and return to a normal healthy state
B) the relative number of deaths during an epidemic
C) the treatment measures used to promote recovery
D) a basic collection of signs and symptoms
E) a deviation from the normal state of health and function

Question 32

The term prognosis refers to the:

A) period of recovery and return to a normal state
B) expected outcome of the disease
C) mortality and morbidity rates for a given population
D) typical collection of signs and symptoms