Deck 26: Agents Used to Manipulate the Immune Response

Question 1

A type I adverse drug reaction is:

A)Cytotoxic mediated.
B)Immune complex mediated.
C)IgE mediated.
D)delayed and cell mediated.

Answer 1

IgE mediated.

Question 2

Cromolyn sodium 4% is an:

A)Ocular anti-inflammatory used to treat allergic conjunctivitis.
B)Ocular antihistamine used to treat allergic conjunctivitis.
C)Ocular vasoconstrictor used to treat allergic conjunctivitis.
D)Ocular mast cell stabilizer used to treat allergic conjunctivitis.

Answer 2

Ocular mast cell stabilizer used to treat allergic conjunctivitis.

Question 3

Which of the following is a Class 1 potency topical corticosteroid?

A)clobetasol propionate
B)betamethasone valerate
C)desoximetasone
D)hydrocortisone valerate

Answer 3

clobetasol propionate

Question 4

Which of the following is a first-generation antihistamine?

A)diphenhydramine (Benadryl)
B)cetirizine (Zyrtec)
C)desloratadine (Clarinex)
D)fexofenadine (Allegra)

Question 5

Decongestants are:

A)Alpha-adrenergic antagonists.
B)Alpha-adrenergic agonists.
C)Beta-adrenergic antagonists.
D)Beta-adrenergic agonists.

Question 6

Which of the following is considered the mainstay of treatment for atopic dermatitis?

A)Topical corticosteroids
B)Calcineurin inhibitors
C)Cyclosporine
D)Interferon gamma-1b

Question 7

Long-term use of topical steriods are assoicated with:

A)Improvement in acne.
B)Striae.
C)Skin thickening.
D)Hypopigmentation.

Question 8

In contact dermatitis,the epidermal route of exposure to the allergens favors the development of which type of response?

A)T-cell mediated
B)B-cell mediated
C)Mast cell mediated
D)Lymphocyte cell mediated

Question 9

Which of the following reactions occurs when a drug combines with antibodies to form immune complexes,the deposition of which results in tissue damage?

A)Type I
B)Type II
C)Type III
D)Type IV

Question 10

IgE mediated anaphylaxis typically occurs in what timeframe?

A)30 to 60 minutes
B)60 to 90 minutes
C)60 to 120 minutes
D)120 to 180 minutes

Question 11

A large local reaction from an insect sting can be initially treated with:

A)Epinephrine.
B)Venom immunotherapy.
C)Antibiotics.
D)Cool compresses.

Question 12

How often should topical corticosteroids be used to treat atopic dermatitis?

A)Once a day
B)Twice a day
C)Three times a day
D)Four times a day

Question 13

How is antigen defined?

A)The genetic tendency of humans to develop an antibody to an antigen
B)Molecular structures that are targeted by either a cell-mediated or a humoral adaptive response
C)Immune responses as the result of a hypersensitivity
D)Foreign bodies that create responses in interstitial fluid

Question 14

Which of the following occurs 5% of the time in patients using intranasal corticosteroids?

A)Epistaxis
B)Osteoporosis
C)Septal perforation
D)Secondary hypercortisolism

Question 15

Which of the following second-generation antihistamines is used intranasally?

A)cetirizine (Zyrtec)
B)azelastine (Astelin)
C)desloratadine (Clarinex)
D)fexofenadine (Allegra)

Question 16

Redness,swelling,pain,warmth,and loss of function are the cardinal signs of which of the following problems?

A)Immune response
B)Inflammation
C)Infection
D)Cancer

Question 17

Which of the following therapies is currently suggested for the treatment of contact dermatitis?

A)Psoralen and ultraviolet light
B)Coal tar in petrolatum
C)Tar bath soaks
D)Corticosteroids

Question 18

Which of the following statements regarding antibodies is true?

A)Large protein molecules are released from lymphocytes.
B)Small amino acids are released from lymph glands.
C)Low-molecular-weight chemicals are released from bone marrow.
D)Substrates are acted upon by an amino acid.

Question 19

The tendency of a person to develop an allergy is greatly determined by:

A)The quality of one's environment and air.
B)Genetics.
C)Types of grasses and animal dander in the home.
D)Obesity,stress,types of stress,and foods in one's life.

Question 20

The body's ability to clear out infections in the interstitial fluid,blood,and tissues and destroy infected cells so that neighboring host cells do not share their fate is known as the "immune response." Which statement about that system is true?

A)The body has two immune systems.
B)The body has only one immune system.
C)The body's innate immune response can interact with any recognizable molecular pattern to initiate an immune response.
D)The body's natural immune system is very specific.

Question 21

Cromolyn sodium 4% can be applied to the eye up to:

A)1 time a day.
B)3 times a day.
C)4 times a day.
D)6 times a day.

Question 22

Which of the following is an H2-receptor antagonist that can be used in the treatment of urticaria?

A)doxepin
B)hydroxyzine
C)ranitidine (Zantac)
D)fexofenadine

Question 23

Intranasal decongestants should never be used for more than:

A)1 to 2 days.
B)2 to 3 days.
C)3 to 4 days.
D)5 to 6 days.

Question 24

Intranasal steroids are absorbed in:

A)10 minutes.
B)30 minutes.
C)60 minutes.
D)90 minutes.

Question 25

How long does it typically take for patients to respond to oral and nasal corticosteroids?

A)12 hours
B)24 to 48 hours
C)48 to 70 hours
D)72 hours

Question 26

Chronic allergic rhinitis is best treated by:

A)Judicious use of antiviral agents.
B)Removal of the offending allergen.
C)Low doses of oral corticosteroids.
D)10 days of therapy with mast cell stabilizers.

Question 27

To best prevent "rebound congestion" with decongestants that are sympathetic amines,their use should be limited to no more than:

A)3 to 4 days.
B)10 days.
C)2 weeks.
D)1 month.

Question 28

Which of the following drugs works centrally?

A)hydroxyzine (Atarax,Vistaril)
B)chlorpheniramine
C)fexofenadine
D)desloratadine

Question 29

Which of the following is an inactivated vaccine?

A)Measles
B)Nasal flu
C)Herpes zoster
D)Hepatitis A

Question 30

What is the typically daily dose of loratadine (Claritin)?

A)10 mg daily
B)20 mg daily
C)60 mg daily
D)180 mg daily

Question 31

Which of the following vaccines should be given at birth?

A)Hepatitis B
B)Rotavirus
C)Tetanus
D)Influenza

Question 32

Atrovent nasal spray is administered how often?

A)1 spray in each nostril 1 to 2 times a day
B)1 spray in each nostril 2 to 4 times a day
C)2 sprays in each nostril 1 to 2 times a day
D)2 sprays in each nostril 2 to 4 times a day

Question 33

Atrovent nasal spray comes in which of the following concentrations?

A)0.01% and 0.06%
B)0.02% and 0.06%
C)0.03% and 0.06%
D)0.03% and 0.04%

Question 34

Patients should avoid taking antihistamines with:

A)Decongestants.
B)Mucolytics.
C)Anxiolytics.
D)acetaminophen.

Question 35

Which of the following statements about antihistamines is true?

A)Absorbed slowly and not affected by food
B)Absorbed slowly and affected by food
C)Absorbed rapidly and not affected by food
D)Absorbed rapidly and affected by food

Question 36

Nasopharyngeal irritation and headaches are two general side effects of which of the following?

A)Antihistamines
B)Intranasal corticosteroids
C)Antiviral inhalants
D)Intranasal leukotriene inhibitors

Question 37

Which of the following is a rare reaction to the measles,mumps,rubella (MMR)vaccine?

A)Headache
B)Infection from vaccine organism
C)Malaise
D)Irritability

Question 38

Which of the following is the most common adverse reaction of topical ocular agents?

A)Glaucoma
B)Hyphema
C)Conjunctivitis
D)Burning sensation

Question 39

Which of the following is suggested as initial treatment of the mild to moderate symptoms of urticaria and angioedema?

A)diphenhydramine
B)brompheniramine
C)cetirizine (Zyrtec)
D)chlorpheniramine

Question 40

Which of the following is a rare side effect of antihistamines?

A)Sedation
B)Thick nasal discharge
C)Back pain
D)Elevated liver function tests

Question 41

Which type of drug,if prescribed for a patient with allergic conjunctivitis,would require close monitoring by the prescriber?

A)Topical corticosteroids
B)Topical antihistamines
C)Topical decongestants
D)Topical vasoconstrictors