Deck 23: Prescribing for the Pediatric Patient

Question 1

Which drug can be used to treat infectious conjunctivitis in the pediatric population?

A)ciprofloxacin (Cipro)
B)azelastine (Astelin)
C)naphazoline + pheniramine (Naphcon -A)
D)oxymetazoline (Visine)

Answer 1

ciprofloxacin (Cipro)

Question 2

What it the recommended dose of Augmentin (amoxicillin/clavulanic acid)for a bacterial infection in a pediatric patient who weighs less than 40 kg?

A)45 mg/kg/day divided 1 times a day of the 200 mg/5 ml
B)45 mg/kg/day divided 2 times a day of the 200 mg/5 ml
C)45 mg/kg/day divided 2 times a day of the 400 mg/5 ml
D)45 mg/kg/day divided 3 times a day of the 200 mg/5 ml

Answer 2

45 mg/kg/day divided 2 times a day of the 200 mg/5 ml

Question 3

The gastric emptying time of a child is longer than that of an adult and does not reach adult levels until what age?

A)At least 1 month old
B)At least 3 months old
C)At least 6 months old
D)At least 9 months old

Answer 3

At least 9 months old

Question 4

Which drug was once a popular medication in the pediatric population but is now contraindicated because of its association with Reye's syndrome?

A)acetaminophen
B)aspirin
C)antihistamines
D)ibuprofen

Question 5

The glomerular filtration rate (GFR)of newborns is about what percent as that of adults?

A)10% to 20%
B)20% to 30%
C)30% to 40%
D)40% to 50%

Question 6

Which drug is a common over-the-counter (OTC)topical vasoconstrictor that should never be used for more than 3 to 4 days due to rebound congestion?

A)naphazoline (Naphcon)
B)azelastine
C)fluticasone
D)mometasone

Question 7

Which medication is contraindicated in the pediatric population?

A)penicillin
B)tetracycline
C)cephalexin
D)amoxicillin

Question 8

The gastric pH of a child does not reach adult levels until the child is what age?

A)Between 6 and 12 months of age
B)Between 12 and 18 months of age
C)Between 18 and 36 months of age
D)Between 36 and 56 months of age

Question 9

Oral suspension of amoxicillin comes in which of the following strengths?

A)125 mg/5 ml
B)125 mg/10 ml
C)125 mg/15 ml
D)125 mg/20 ml

Question 10

A pediatric patient failed treatment for otitis media after taking the appropriate dose of amoxicillin.What is the second-line therapy?

A)amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (Augmentin)
B)cefdinir (Omnicef)
C)cefuroxime (Rocephin)
D)cefpodoxime (Vantin)

Question 11

What is the recommended dosage of amoxicillin for an 80-kg adolescent with otitis media?

A)45 mg/kg
B)50 mg/kg
C)60 mg/kg
D)90 mg/kg

Question 12

Fluoroquinolones,such as Cipro and Levaquin,are effective antimicrobials against a wide range of pathogens.However,they may cause:

A)Dental discoloration and enamel hypoplasia.
B)Adverse effects on the growth of immature cartilage,joints,and surrounding tissue.
C)Extrapyramidal symptoms.
D)Tardive dyskinesia.

Question 13

A pediatric patient with otitis media who is type 1 penicillin allergic should be treated with which of the following?

A)azithromycin (Zithromax)
B)amoxicillin (Amoxil)
C)cefdinir (Omnicef)
D)ceftriaxone (Rocephin)

Question 14

Which drug is a leukotriene receptor antagonist that helps diminish vascular permeability,mucus production,and mucosal edema?

A)loratadine (Alvert)
B)diphenhydramine (Benadryl)
C)naphazoline (Visine)
D)montelukast (Singulair)

Question 15

Because infants and children have a thinner stratum corneum than adults do as well as a larger body surface area in relation to their size,they tend to absorb medicines placed onto their skin:

A)More readily than adults.
B)Less readily than adults.
C)The same as adults.
D)Not at all.

Question 16

Which drug carries a black box warning advising that its use in children younger than age 2 years has the potential for severe or fatal respiratory depression?

A)pimecrolimus (Elidel)
B)tacrolimus (Protopic,Prograf)
C)promethazine (Phenergan)
D)metformin (Glucophage)

Question 17

What is the usual dosage of guaifenesin for children older than age 2 years?

A)0.5 mg/kg/dose every 4 to 6 hours as needed
B)1 mg/kg/dose every 4 to 6 hours as needed
C)2 mg/kg/dose every 4 to 6 hours as needed
D)3 mg/kg/dose every 4 to 6 hours as needed

Question 18

Which drug can be used to treat a child with group B strep throat infection who is not allergic to penicillin?

A)amoxicillin
B)azithromycin
C)bicillin-LA
D)clindamycin

Question 19

Which option is a common side effect of amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (Augmentin)?

A)Anorexia
B)GI distress
C)Headache
D)Frequent urination

Question 20

Which medication carries a black box warning because it cause pseudomembranous colitis?

A)amoxicillin
B)azithromycin
C)bicillin-LA
D)clindamycin

Question 21

A patient with mononucleosis with markedly edematous tonsils and no obvious abscess can be treated with which drug?

A)amoxicillin (Amoxil)
B)amoxicillin clavulanic acid (Augmentin)
C)dexamethasone (Decadron)
D)hydrocodone/acetaminophen (Lortab)

Question 22

What is the dosage of simethicone drops for a 1-year-old child?

A)10 mg po 4 times a day
B)20 mg po 4 times a day
C)30 mg po 4 times a day
D)40 mg po 4 times a day

Question 23

Which drug is a mild central nervous system (CNS)stimulant that blocks the reuptake of norepinephrine and dopamine into presynaptic neurons and appears to stimulate the cerebral cortex and subcortical structures?

A)atomoxetine (Strattera)
B)bupropion hydrochloride (Buproban)
C)methylphenidate (Concentra)
D)venlafaxine (Effexor)

Question 24

Pimecrolimus (Elidel)and tacrolimus (Protopic,Prograf),used in the treatment of severe eczema,also carry black box warnings because their use may increase the possibility of the development of what?

A)Addiction
B)Anemia
C)Headache
D)Lymphoma

Question 25

Which drug should be used as a first-line treatment in a child with thrush?

A)nystatin (Mycostatin)
B)fluconazole (Diflucan)
C)acyclovir (Zovirax)
D)griseofulvin (Grifulvin V)

Question 26

What is the dose of oseltamivir (Tamiflu)for a child who weighs 71 kg?

A)55 milligrams twice a day
B)65 milligrams twice a day
C)75 milligrams twice a day
D)85 milligrams twice a day

Question 27

When stepping up in asthma treatment,which of the following should be added on to a short-acting bronchodilator?

A)Nothing,increase the use of the short-acting bronchodilator
B)Add a long-acting bronchodilator
C)Add an inhaled corticosteroid
D)Add oral corticosteroids

Question 28

What is the mechanism of action of racemic epinephrine?

A)Stimulates beta-adrenergic receptors,resulting in both relaxation of smooth muscles in the bronchial tree as well as a decrease in local airway edema with resultant decrease in the work of breathing
B)Stimulates alpha-adrenergic receptors,resulting in both relaxation of smooth muscles in the bronchial tree as well as a decrease in local airway edema with resultant decrease in the work of breathing
C)Stimulates both alpha- and beta-adrenergic receptors,resulting in both relaxation of smooth muscles in the bronchial tree as well as a decrease in local airway edema with resultant decrease in the work of breathing
D)Stimulates both alpha- and beta-adrenergic receptors,resulting in both contraction of smooth muscles in the bronchial tree as well as a increase in local airway edema with resultant decrease in the work of breathing

Question 29

How would you treat a 15-year-old with suspected Mycoplasma pneumoniae?

A)amoxicillin
B)erythromycin
C)amoxicillin (100 mg/kg/day)PLUS clarithromycin
D)levofloxacin

Question 30

Which drug type is considered "reasonable" to use for the treatment of bronchiolitis?

A)atropine
B)Long-acting bronchodilator
C)Short-acting bronchodilator
D)theophylline

Question 31

What is the dosage for iron replacement therapy in children?

A)1 to 3 mg of elemental Fe/kg/24 hours,divided into three or four doses per day
B)2 to 4 mg of elemental Fe/kg/24 hours,divided into three or four doses per day
C)3 to 6 mg of elemental Fe/kg/24 hours,divided into three or four doses per day
D)4 to 6 mg of elemental Fe/kg/24 hours,divided into three or four doses per day

Question 32

Which drug would be the first-line treatment in a 1-month-old infant with suspected bacterial pneumonia?

A)amoxicillin
B)erythromycin
C)amoxicillin (100 mg/kg/day)PLUS clarithromycin
D)amoxicillin (100 mg/kg/day)PLUS azithromycin

Question 33

Which treatment can be used for mild to moderate croup?

A)No treatment need
B)dexamethasone (Decadron)
C)Long-acting bronchodilator
D)Short-acting bronchodilator

Question 34

How much omeprazole (Prilosec)2 mg/ml can you give to an adolescent who weighs more than 20 kg?

A)10 mg daily
B)20 mg daily
C)40 mg daily
D)80 mg daily

Question 35

How much ondansetron (Zofran)would you give to a child who weighs 12 kg?

A)15 ml of 4 mg/5 ml liquid dose
B)30 ml of 4 mg/5 ml liquid dose
C)45 ml of 4 mg/5 ml liquid dose
D)60 ml of 4 mg/5 ml liquid dose

Question 36

When should therapy be stepped up in an adolescent with asthma?

A)Once an adolescent uses short-acting bronchodilator agents more than 1 day a month
B)Once an adolescent uses short-acting bronchodilator agents more than 2 days a month
C)Once an adolescent uses short-acting bronchodilator agents only once a week
D)Once an adolescent uses short-acting bronchodilator agents more than 2 days a week

Question 37

A clinician's goal should be to eliminate a headache within what amount of time of its presenting symptoms?

A)30 to 60 minutes
B)1 to 2 hours
C)2 to 3 hours
D)3 to 4 hours

Question 38

Which drug should be used with caution in patients with G6PD deficiency?

A)acetaminophen
B)aspirin
C)ibuprofen
D)naproxen

Question 39

How much ondansetron (Zofran)would you give to a child who weighs 14 kg?

A)2 mg/kg
B)4 mg/kg
C)6 mg/kg
D)8 mg/kg

Question 40

Which drug can be used to treat a 13-year-old with influenza?

A)acyclovir (Zovirax)
B)clindamycin (Cleocin)
C)famciclovir (Famvir)
D)oseltamivir (Tamiflu)