Deck 18: Drugs Used in the Treatment of Nonbacterial Infections

Question 1

The NRTI didanosine (Videx)can cause which adverse reaction?

A)Anemia
B)Leukopenia
C)Pancreatitis
D)Hepatosplenomegaly

Answer 1

Pancreatitis

Question 2

PIs are excreted via:

A)Saliva.
B)Urine.
C)Bile salts.
D)Feces.

Answer 2

Feces.

Question 3

Which drug interferes with the ability of a virus to synthesize its own DNA and finds great use in the treatment of recurrent genital herpes?

A)acyclovir (Zovirax)
B)delavirdine (Rescriptor)
C)zidovudine (Retrovir)
D)ribavirin (Virazole)

Answer 3

acyclovir (Zovirax)

Question 4

PIs are metabolized via:

A)Small bowel.
B)Large bowel.
C)Liver.
D)Kidneys.

Question 5

Zanamivir (Relenza)is not indicated for children younger than:

A)8 years.
B)7 year.
C)6 years.
D)5 years.

Question 6

Which drug is rapidly converted to acyclovir when administered orally?

A)valacyclovir (Valtrex)
B)ganciclovir (Cytovene)
C)penciclovir (Denavir)
D)ribavirin (Virazole)

Question 7

What is the typical dosage of oseltamivir (Tamiflu)when used to treat influenza?

A)50 mg BID
B)50 mg QD
C)75 mg BID.
D)75 mg BID

Question 8

Clinical studies seem to indicate that this drug shortens the duration of influenza by several days:

A)zanamivir (Relenza).
B)indinavir (Crixivan).
C)abacavir (Ziagen).
D)kanamycin (Kantrex).

Question 9

Which drug is a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI)?

A)emtricitabine (Emtriva)
B)atazanavir (Reyataz)
C)efavirenz (Sustiva)
D)nevirapine (Viramune)

Question 10

Which of the following herpes mediations is not metabolized but is excreted in the urine as an unchanged drug?

A)acyclovir (Zovirax)
B)penciclovir (Denavir)
C)famciclovir (Famvir)
D)valacyclovir (Valtrex)

Question 11

Which drug is an analog of sialic acid and is a potent selective inhibitor of influenza A and B virus neuraminidase?

A)amantadine (Symmetrel)
B)rimantadine (Flumadine)
C)oseltamivir (Tamiflu)
D)zanamivir (Relenza)

Question 12

Which drug is used only as a topical drug to treat herpes virus?

A)acyclovir (Zovirax)
B)penciclovir (Denavir)
C)famciclovir (Famvir)
D)valacyclovir (Valtrex)

Question 13

In order to have any effect in treating an influenza infection in an elderly patient in a nursing home,amantadine must be administered:

A)To a patient with a full-functioning liver.
B)To a patient within 48 hours of the onset of symptoms.
C)In the absence of food.
D)Administered with decongestants and antihistamines.

Question 14

Which drug binds to sterols in the fungal cell membrane (ergosterol),altering the membrane's permeability to potassium,magnesium,and other components of the cell?

A)miconazole (Monistat)
B)nystatin (Mycostatin)
C)terbinafine (Lamisil)
D)flucytosine (Ancobon)

Question 15

Which option describes the mechanism of action of PIs?

A)Bind to an active site used by viral protease enzymes so they cannot process viral precursors critical to the maturation of HIV virus
B)Bind to the active site of HIV reverse transcriptase and their antiviral activity is additive or synergistic with most other antiretrovirals
C)Convert to active compounds in the presence of host enzymes,becoming part of the DNA chain,where they interfere with DNA synthesis and viral replication through their inhibition of viral RNA
D)Compete with natural nucleotides in the host that would otherwise be incorporated into the newly synthesized DNA copies of the HIV virus;therefore,inhibit viral growth by terminating the virus' DNA chain

Question 16

Which drug is inhibitory for all herpes viruses but is best reserved for cytomegalovirus (CMV)?

A)acyclovir (Zovirax)
B)famciclovir (Famvir)
C)ganciclovir (Cytovene)
D)penciclovir (Denavir)

Question 17

According to the U.S.Department of Health and Human Service's April 2009 published guidelines and recommendations for antiretroviral therapy,initial treatment for HIV should include which drugs?

A)Two nucleoside analogues (NRTIs)in combination with one protease inhibitor (PI)
B)One nucleoside analogue (NRTI)in combination with one PI
C)Two nucleoside analogues (NRTIs)in combination with two PI s
D)Two nucleoside analogues (NRTIs)

Question 18

Other than lamivudine,the half-life of NRTIs is:

A)30 minutes.
B)60 minutes.
C)90 minutes.
D)2 hours.

Question 19

NRTIs are excreted via:

A)Skin.
B)Liver.
C)Feces.
D)Urine.

Question 20

Which drug is an antiviral that can be used to treat herpes simplex virus?

A)zanamivir (Relenza)
B)famciclovir (Famvir)
C)amphotericin B (Fungizone)
D)mebendazole (Vermox)

Question 21

Ketoconazole (Nizoral)is metabolized via:

A)Stomach.
B)Liver.
C)Spleen.
D)Large bowel.

Question 22

What is the half-life of fluconazole?

A)8 hours
B)21 hours
C)30 hours
D)64 hours

Question 23

The absorption of thiabendazole (Mintezol)is increased by the intake of which substance?

A)Orange juice
B)Yogurt
C)Fatty foods
D)Skim milk

Question 24

Benzimidazoles are metabolized via:

A)Urine.
B)Feces.
C)Liver.
D)Large bowel.

Question 25

Antimalarials are excreted via:

A)Stomach.
B)Bile salts.
C)Feces.
D)Urine.

Question 26

Which drug can be given to treat Plasmodium falciparum malaria?

A)pyrantel pamoate (Pin-Rid)
B)quinidine gluconate
C)indinavir (Crixivan)
D)abacavir (Ziagen)

Question 27

Metronidazole (Flagyl,Protostat)should not be taken with which substance?

A)alcohol
B)acetaminophen
C)aspirin
D)ampicillin

Question 28

Antimalarials are contraindicated with use of which other drug type?

A)Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors
B)Beta-adrenergic blockers
C)Calcium channel blockers
D)Diuretics

Question 29

Which drug is most widely used against malaria,except where resistant malaria is endemic to this medication?

A)quinidine gluconate
B)primaquine (Malaride)
C)chloroquine (Aralen)
D)acyclovir (Zovirax)

Question 30

Which drug is typically used to treat cryptococcal meningitis?

A)nystatin (Mycostatin)
B)miconazole (Monistat)
C)amphotericin B (Fungizone)
D)clotrimazole (Gyne-Lotrimin)

Question 31

In which pregnancy category are benzimidazoles?

A)Category A
B)Category B
C)Category C
D)Category D

Question 32

When giving chloroquine,providers should be aware whether patients have which of the following?

A)Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PD)
B)Hypertension
C)Glaucoma
D)Diabetes mellitus

Question 33

Pyrantel pamoate (Pin-Rid)is highly effective against which of the following?

A)Pinworm
B)Hookworm
C)Trichuriasis
D)Strongyloidiasis

Question 34

Which antiparasitic drug is related to the macrolide antibiotics?

A)ivermectin (Eqvalan,Ivomec)
B)pyrantel pamoate (Pin-Rid)
C)metronidazole (Flagyl,Protostat)
D)primaquine (Malaride)

Question 35

What is the mechanism of action of terbinafine?

A)Impairs the synthesis of ergosterol,which is necessary in fungal cell membranes
B)Inhibits squalene 2,3-epoxidase,making it fungicidal to sensitive organisms
C)Binds to microtubules comprising the spindles and inhibits fungal mitosis
D)Disrupts DNA and protein synthesis in susceptible organisms

Question 36

What is the mechanism of action of nitazoxanide (Alinia)?

A)Interferes with the pyruvate ferredoxin enzyme pathway,which is essential for energy metabolism in anaerobic bacteria
B)Binds to microtubules comprising the spindles and inhibits fungal mitosis
C)Inhibits squalene 2,3-epoxidase,making it fungicidal to sensitive organisms
D)Inhibits formation of the fungus microtubules,which in turn irreversibly blocks uptake of glucose so the fungi stop replicating

Question 37

Which drug is used for prophylaxis of malaria in areas resistant to chloroquine (Aralen)?

A)primaquine (Malaride)
B)quinidine gluconate
C)pyrantel (Pin-Rid)
D)piperazine

Question 38

What is the mechanism of action for the imidazoles and triazoles?

A)Impair the synthesis of ergosterol which is necessary in fungal cell membranes
B)Increase the synthesis of ergosterol which is necessary in fungal cell membranes
C)Impair the synthesis of cholesterol which is necessary in fungal cell membranes
D)Impair the synthesis of testosterone which is necessary in fungal cell membranes

Question 39

Malarone is composed of which two medications?

A)chloroquine and primaquine
B)primaquine and proguanil
C)atovaquone and proguanil
D)atovaquone and chloroquine

Question 40

When using metronidazole (Flagyl,Protostat)to treat bacterial vaginosis,what is the typical dosage?

A)500 mg BID for 2 days
B)500 mg BID for 3 days
C)500 mg BID for 5 days
D)500 mg BID for 7 days