Deck 29: Neurologic System Disorders

Question 1

Medications to treat migraine headache include all of the following EXCEPT

A) NSAIDs and opioid analgesics
B) ergot alkaloids and sumatriptan
C) beta-blockers and calcium channel blockers
D) valproic acid
E) all are used

Answer 1

all are used

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT true of parasympathomimetic medications?

A) Cholinergic medications produce actions similar to acetylcholine, such as increased peristalsis, increased body secretions, and increased muscle strength, and are popular agents used with ocular treatments.
B) Direct-acting medications mimic acetylcholine and are pharmacologically ineffective due to the short time of action.
C) Cholinergic medications should not be combined with heart medications or antibiotics.
D) Indirect-acting cholinergics act on receptor sites to inhibit cholinesterase and thus allow collection of acetylcholine at receptor sites.
E) Cholinergic medications have few side effects and are considered safe for use in most patients.

Answer 2

Cholinergic medications have few side effects and are considered safe for use in most patients.

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT true of local anesthetics?

A) They are used to supply anesthesia to only a specific area of the body.
B) The onset of most local anesthetics is slow, and they last for prolonged periods of time.
C) They may have epinephrine added to prolong their action and produce vasoconstriction.
D) They generally end in "-caine."
E) They come in several strengths, usually expressed in percents, and careful reading of the label is very important.

Answer 3

The onset of most local anesthetics is slow, and they last for prolonged periods of time.

Question 4

Which of the following is NOT true of antiseizure medications?

A) They suppress the malfunction of neurons at the seizure focus and movement of activity to other areas of the brain.
B) Phenobarbital is the most frequently used barbiturate for its antiepileptic properties.
C) Benzodiazepines are used as antiepileptics.
D) Phenytoin (Dilantin) is a potent broad-spectrum antiseizure medication for partial and tonic/clonic seizures.
E) Patients taking antiseizure medications can adjust their doses as needed to stay seizure free without consulting a physician.

Question 5

Which of the following is NOT needed in patient teaching with analgesics?

A) Medication may be stopped at any time owing to the dangers of physical dependence and habituation.
B) Analgesics may cause drowsiness; therefore care should be taken with hazardous activities.
C) Opioid medications may increase the effects of antihypertensives, leading to orthostatic hypertension.
D) Opioids, sedatives, and analgesics have a potential for physical and psychological dependence; therefore they should be used only for a limited time, except in terminally ill patients.
E) Analgesic use may lead to falls and accidents due to loss of physical coordination.

Question 6

Common side effects of medications for neurological conditions include all of the following EXCEPT

A) visual disturbances, headaches, and drowsiness
B) depression, nightmares, and irritability
C) anorexia and dry mouth
D) lack of muscle coordination or impotence
E) muscle turgidity or spasticity

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT true of anesthetics?

A) Their categories are local and general.
B) Local anesthetics are more common in the ambulatory care setting.
C) Patient teaching with local anesthetics should include the avoidance of activities that may cause trauma until the anesthetic's effects have disappeared.
D) Patients who will receive general anesthesia may be given medications beforehand to reduce anxiety, produce amnesia, and relieve pain.
E) Allied health professionals in an ambulatory care setting have no responsibility in preparing a patient for general anesthesia; this is the responsibility of the surgeon and anesthetist.

Question 8

Which of the following is NOT true of central nervous system stimulants?

A) Some may be bought OTC.
B) They are also called analeptics.
C) Withdrawal signs occur with the abrupt discontinuation of analeptics.
D) They may be prescribed over long periods of time for obesity.
E) They produce tachycardia, chest pain, tremor, and hyperactive reflexes.

Question 9

Which of the following is NOT true of medications for spasticity?

A) Spasticity, the uncoordinated movement of muscles due to overstimulation of the CNS, is treated with physical therapy and drugs.
B) Baclofen (Lioresal) and diazepam (Valium) reduce spasticity by working on the CNS.
C) Dantrolene (Dantrium) acts directly on skeletal muscles.
D) Dantrium is used in multiple sclerosis, cerebral palsy, and spinal cord trauma.
E) Most muscle relaxants are effective for spasticity.

Question 10

Which of the following is NOT true of endorphins and enkephalins?

A) Endorphins are part of the blood-brain barrier.
B) Endorphins suppress pain.
C) Endorphins are active on neurotransmitters at the synapse.
D) Enkephalins suppress the perception and emotional aspects of pain.
E) Endorphins are increased with the use of TENS and acupuncture.

Question 11

Which of the following is NOT true of sedatives and hypnotics?

A) They are used therapeutically to decrease CNS activity.
B) The major difference in hypnotics and sedatives is the amount of depression and sedation induced.
C) Hypnotics are used to induce and maintain sleep.
D) The generally accepted rule for therapy with hypnotics or sedatives is short-term use at the moderate to high dosage for as long as needed.
E) Benzodiazepines are the most frequently used medications for sedation and hypnosis.

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT true about the use of CNS stimulants as anorexiants and for narcolepsy?

A) The person who is taking them as anorexiants should be aware of the potential for abuse and dependence.
B) Some have been removed from the market because of their potential for abuse.
C) They control daytime drowsiness associated with narcolepsy.
D) They may be taken after 6:00 PM in persons desiring to lose weight and for narcolepsy without causing excessive stimulation.
E) They should not be taken with coffee, and children taking them should be watched for nervousness and insomnia as well as weight loss.

Question 13

Medications to prevent migraine headache share all the following characteristics EXCEPT

A) The prophylactic drugs of choice for migraine headache are beta-blockers.
B) All of these preparations are safe for use in pregnancy.
C) Migraine prophylaxis is indicated in the person who has frequent migraine headaches.
D) Opioids are used prophylactically for migraine headaches.
E) Both b and d are not true statements.

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT true of parasympatholytic medications?

A) Parasympatholytic agents and anticholinergic medications are entirely different compounds that have similar actions.
B) They bind to receptor sites to stop the action of acetylcholine.
C) Many OTC preparations have parasympatholytic medications included in their formulas.
D) Good dental hygiene and mouth care, as well as adequate fluid intake to prevent constipation, are essential with parasympatholytic agents.
E) Parasympatholytic agents, especially atropine, are used to decrease secretions and motility of the GI tract, as poison antidotes, for dilating pupils, and for preventing bronchospasm.

Question 15

Which of the following is/are NOT (a) side effect(s) of beta-blockers?

A) sexual dysfunction
B) headache
C) mental awareness
D) weakness and dizziness
E) fatigue and sedation

Question 16

Which of the following is NOT true of adrenergic blocking agents?

A) They may be alpha-, beta-, or gamma-blockers.
B) Alpha-adrenergic blocking agents lower blood pressure and cause vasodilation; therefore they are frequently used as antihypertensives.
C) Alpha-adrenergic blockers are used to treat peripheral vascular conditions.
D) The principal indications for beta-blockers are hypertension, angina pectoris, and dysrhythmia.
E) Beta-blockers have many drug interactions.

Question 17

All of the following are true of drugs for parkinsonism EXCEPT

A) Therapy consists of either increasing dopamine levels with the administration of levodopa or administering medications that stimulate dopamine receptors.
B) Levodopa is converted to dopamine.
C) Carbidopa (Lodosyn) must be given with other medications, such as levodopa, to have a therapeutic effect.
D) Side effects include dyskinesia, depression, diarrhea, nausea, sleep disorders, and headache.
E) They are effective in arresting the disease.

Question 18

Which of the following statements is NOT true?

A) The blood-brain barrier is a type of security system against the toxic effects of some drugs on the central nervous system.
B) The autonomic nervous system is composed of the sympathetic and parasympathetic branches.
C) Catecholamines are produced and stored in the brain to increase the stimulation of the autonomic nervous system.
D) The sympathetic nervous system is the "fight-or-flight" mechanism of action.
E) The parasympathetic nervous system is the "feed-or-breed" mechanism of action.

Question 19

Which of the following is NOT true of adrenergic agonists?

A) They are used to constrict blood vessels to control bleeding.
B) They are not sympathomimetic medications and do not simulate the "fight-or-flight" response of the body.
C) They include epinephrine and epinephrine-like medications that are used with asthma, bronchospasm, and anaphylactic reactions.
D) Their side effects include palpitations, nervousness, hypertension, and tremor.
E) They are used to prolong the effects of local anesthetics in medical and dental office settings.

Question 20

Common signs and symptoms of neurological disorders include all of the following EXCEPT

A) headache, fever, numbness, or tremors
B) diarrhea or constipation
C) nausea and vomiting
D) weakness, numbness, motor disturbances, paralysis, convulsions
E) mood swings and disturbances in speech, vision, hearing, and taste

Question 21

All pain is detrimental.

Question 22

Alcohol will have a synergistic effect with hypnotics and sedatives.

Question 23

Phenytoin (Dilantin) and fosphenytoin (Cerebyx) are hydantoins. These medications cause gingival hyperplasia, and patients taking these medications require good dental care.

Question 24

Medications for parkinsonism should be taken on an empty stomach for best results.

Question 25

Tolerance and physical dependence are manifestations of the CNS and its ability to adapt. These manifestations are usually seen early in the treatment process.

Question 26

Valproic acid and valproate are drugs used for seizures and migraine headache prophylaxis.

Question 27

Prolonged barbiturate use may lead to physical and psychologic dependence.

Question 28

Some OTC sleeping aids contain antihistamines that may especially accentuate drowsiness found in the elderly.

Question 29

When medications are taken over a prolonged period of time, the brain adapts to the medication, which may be either beneficial or detrimental.

Question 30

In taking analgesics, fiber and fluids need to be added to the diet.

Question 31

Sleep disturbances are common in older adults, so these patients may be treated for sleep with sedatives and hypnotics with few side effects.

Question 32

Procaine is an ester local anesthetic, while lidocaine is an amide type.

Question 33

Barbiturates are antiseizure medications.

Question 34

Benzodiazepines have the benefit of not causing physical and psychologic dependence, so these medications are not found on schedules for controlled drugs.

Question 35

Persons with petit mal or absence seizures must be treated with the same medications as those with grand mal seizures.

Question 36

Local anesthetics may be administered topically or by injection.

Question 37

OTC medications are safe for use with antiseizure medications, but alcohol should be avoided.

Question 38

Pain is the same for everyone, and analgesics are prescribed for pain levels of the patient.

Question 39

Barbiturates produce dose-dependent depressions of the CNS for a specific period of time, but the desired effects are produced only at the lowest dosage for approximately 2 weeks.

Question 40

Groups of drugs that are used to treat seizures include which of the following?

A) barbiturates and benzodiazepines
B) hydantoins
C) succinimides
D) a and b
E) a, b, and c

Question 41

Beta-blockers may reduce the conversion of glycogen to glucose, causing hypoglycemia in people with diabetes mellitus.

Question 42

Drugs used for migraine headache may also be used for cluster headaches.

Question 43

Amantadine is the drug of choice to relieve early symptoms of parkinsonism.

Question 44

Alcohol and insulin are safe medications to use with drugs for spasticity.

Question 45

The most commonly used adrenergic medication is epinephrine.

Question 46

Beta-blockers have many drug interactions but few side effects.

Question 47

Beta-blockers have an effect on serum lipids when given for short periods of time but seem to have no effect when given over a prolonged period of time.

Question 48

Medications for headache should be taken at the onset of symptoms.

Question 49

Tension headache is the most common type of headache and is treated with nonopioid analgesics and NSAIDs.

Question 50

Adrenergic decongestants may cause irritation of the eyes and nasal passages due to excessive drying.

Question 51

Beta-blockers may be abruptly discontinued safely.

Question 52

Alpha-blockers have a "first dose" effect that leads to orthostatic hypotension and fainting.

Question 53

Fiorinal containing aspirin and Fioricet containing acetaminophen are medications that contain sedatives and caffeine and are used for all headaches except those related to stress.

Question 54

Persons with hypertension, glaucoma, and severe arteriosclerosis should avoid CNS stimulants.

Question 55

Aspirin, acetaminophen, and ibuprofen are ineffective against migraine and cluster headaches.

Question 56

Beta-blockers may cause postural hypotension.

Question 57

Beta-blockers are the drugs of choice in migraine headache prophylaxis.

Question 58

Aerosols administer the most often prescribed/used adrenergic agonists.

Question 59

The main therapeutic use of CNS stimulants is treatment of narcolepsy, ADD, and ADHD.

Question 60

Adrenergic agonists should be found in emergency supplies in a physician's office.

Question 61

Chief indications for beta-blockers are hypertension, angina pectoris, and cardiac arrhythmias.

Question 62

Drugs used to treating migraine headaches are used therapeutically and prophylactically.

Question 63

With cluster and tension headaches, the causative factor should be found and treated if possible before beginning therapeutic medications.

Question 64

Benzodiazepines when used for insomnia over a long period of time may be discontinued with no adverse reactions.

Question 65

When administering local anesthetics, such as lidocaine or procaine, the medication is in one strength making the choice for preparing the medication easy.

Question 66

Sedatives and hypnotics may be used for the same indication but the dose is not affected by the desired effect.

Question 67

After 2 to 3 weeks of continuous use, barbiturates continue to provide the same effects as at the beginning of drug use.

Question 68

Local anesthetics may include the addition of epinephrine to cause vasoconstriction and prolong the effects of the medication.

Question 69

Sedatives and hypnotics are entirely different pharmaceutical compounds.

Question 70

The main reason for failure to control seizures is noncompliance with medications.

Question 71

Antiparkinsonism medications may be taken with alcohol products.

Question 72

Most generic names of barbiturates end in "-ate."

Question 73

Successful treatment of seizures requires individualization of the medication to the person.

Question 74

Dental care is important with phenytoins.

Question 75

Vitamins B₆ and B₁₂ are agonistic with levodopa.

Question 76

Anesthesia, whether local or general, produces a loss of sensation.

Question 77

Sharp, stabbing pain and dull, aching pain require the same analgesic dose to be effective against pain.

Question 78

Terminally ill patients should be given sufficient analgesia to be as pain free as possible.

Question 79

Relaxation techniques, establishing regular sleep hours, and avoiding caffeine should first be attempted to treat sleeplessness before using hypnotics with older adults.

Question 80

Barbiturates and benzodiazepines have the same level of patient safety so these medications are interchangeable for insomnia.