Deck 25: Respiratory System Disorders

Question 1

Which of the following is NOT true of expectorants?

A) They make coughs more productive to relieve the collection of sputum.
B) The drug of choice as an expectorant is guaifenesin.
C) They are not found as combination medications.
D) Most have no contraindications.
E) The FDA has not approved combination medications as effective expectorants.

Answer 1

They are not found as combination medications.

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT true of treatment for COPD?

A) Xanthine derivatives constrict smooth muscle, so sputum may be expectorated.
B) Epinephrine and ephedrine are used in the treatment of asthma and COPD to prevent bronchospasm.
C) Beta-adrenergic drugs such as Isuprel are used as respiratory agonists.
D) Beta₂ agonists are used to relieve ongoing asthmatic attacks.
E) Salmeterol is the preferred medication for prophylaxis of asthma.

Answer 2

Xanthine derivatives constrict smooth muscle, so sputum may be expectorated.

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT a common side effect of medications for respiratory disorders?

A) fever and rhinorrhea
B) hypotension and stomatitis
C) sleeplessness and nervousness
D) dry mouth and drowsiness
E) tachycardia and decreased coordination

Answer 3

fever and rhinorrhea

Question 4

Which of the following is NOT true of decongestants?

A) They are very safe for persons who have diabetes mellitus.
B) They shrink swollen mucous membranes.
C) They should be used with care by persons with hypertension, hyperthyroidism, and ischemic heart disease.
D) They are often combined with antihistamines.
E) They tend to cause rebound congestion.

Question 5

Which of the following is NOT true of medications to inhibit influenza?

A) They are not used frequently and are expensive.
B) They are for persons who desire prophylaxis for influenza following exposure to the disease.
C) They come in tablet and inhalation forms.
D) They are substitutes for the influenza vaccine.
E) Their side effects include nausea, vomiting, headache, nervousness, and dry mouth.

Question 6

Many agents that are used with respiratory disorders are palliative.

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT true of combination OTC products?

A) They may contain medications that are not needed or may contain small amounts of medication that are not effective.
B) If a patient has only a runny nose, a combination product is indicated.
C) They are most commonly used for the common cold.
D) Caffeine is often added to relieve the side effect of drowsiness.
E) Antipyretic-analgesic combination medications should be avoided with viral infections to prevent missing a diagnosis of a secondary bacterial infection.

Question 8

Which of the following is NOT true of xanthine derivatives?

A) They are used for the prevention and treatment of asthma.
B) They are used for treatment of emphysema, COPD, and bronchitis.
C) They are available in standard and sustained-release forms.
D) They are still the drugs of choice for pulmonary diseases.
E) They cause such side effects as nausea, anxiety, restlessness, gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), tachycardia, and insomnia.

Question 9

Which of the following is NOT true of cromolyn sodium?

A) It relieves allergic reactions after exposure to allergens.
B) It relieves allergic reactions before exposure to allergens.
C) It takes about a week for it to be effective.
D) It should be used throughout the allergy season.
E) It is not effective against nonallergic rhinitis.

Question 10

Which of the following is NOT true of antihistamines?

A) They compete with histamine in the respiratory tract to block their receptor sites.
B) They may be used for several years because tolerance does not develop.
C) They are chosen by their potency, duration of action, and incidence of side effects.
D) Their side effects include drowsiness and dry mouth.
E) They are used interchangeably to find the most effective agent for the patient.

Question 11

Oxygen therapy with COPD requires high levels of oxygen administration.

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT true of mucokinetic agents?

A) They thin viscous sputum for expectoration.
B) They prevent mucous retention and assist with preventing the possibility of pathogens being absorbed in thick sputum.
C) Hypertonic saline is used as a mucolytic agent.
D) Hypotonic saline is used as a mucolytic agent.
E) Acetylcysteine (Mucomyst) is a prescription mucolytic that is used by inhalation.

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT true of histamine?

A) It is a chemical found in body tissue that protects against environmental factors.
B) Its greatest concentration is found in the skin, gastrointestinal tract, and lungs.
C) Its principal action is vascular dilation and contraction of smooth muscles of the respiratory and gastrointestinal tract.
D) It is not a problem with most upper respiratory inflammatory diseases.
E) Sneezing, itching, watery eyes, and bronchoconstriction are often the result of histamine release.

Question 14

Rebound congestion occurs after prolonged daily use of decongestants and is an expected response by the person taking the medication.

Question 15

Which of the following are NOT common symptoms of respiratory tract disorders?

A) chest pain and sore throat
B) dysphonia, hemoptysis, and epistaxis
C) chills, fever, and headache
D) nausea, vomiting, and anorexia
E) acute or chronic cough with fatigue and malaise

Question 16

Which of the following is NOT a use for antihistamines?

A) rhinorrhea
B) coughs and colds
C) motion sickness
D) chest congestion
E) insomnia

Question 17

Which of the following is NOT a decongestant agent?

A) phenylephrine (Neo-Synephrine)
B) pseudoephedrine (Sudafed/Afrin)
C) chlorpheniramine (Chlor-Trimeton/Teldrin)
D) ephedrine
E) epinephrine (Primatene/adrenaline)

Question 18

Oxygen therapy is used to treat COPD.

Question 19

Which of the following is NOT true of antitussives?

A) They may be either opioid or nonopioid.
B) They should not be used with the productive coughs of COPD.
C) They are used to suppress the intensity and frequency of coughs.
D) Codeine and codeine-like products are the most effective antitussives.
E) All opioid antitussives require a prescription.

Question 20

Medications for chronic pulmonary disease may be administered by

A) dry powder inhalers
B) metered dose inhalers
C) nebulizers
D) b and c
E) a, b, and c

Question 21

OTC antihistamines are always safe for older adults and children.

Question 22

Second-generation antihistamines are not as sedating as previous antihistamines, and these agents seem to be better than or equal to earlier antihistamines.

Question 23

Cromolyn is for the prophylaxis of asthma.

Question 24

Antihistamines such as Benadryl and dextromethorphan are active ingredients in many OTC antitussives.

Question 25

Oxygen toxicity is easy to recognize because it has very distinct symptoms, such as tremors and a dry hacking cough.

Question 26

The time from exposure to influenza to the beginning of medications for influenza prophylaxis is 1 week.

Question 27

The time limit for using decongestants should be 5 days.

Question 28

Glucocorticoids are used to suppress inflammation and reduce the hypersecretions of the bronchial tree found with asthma.

Question 29

Tolerance is not a problem with antihistamines and decongestants.

Question 30

Decongestants may come in topical and oral forms.

Question 31

Nasal applicators for topical decongestants should be cleaned after each use.

Question 32

Decongestants and antihistamines are interchangeable.

Question 33

Cromolyn should be used long-term for the prophylaxis of asthma.

Question 34

The medications used for treating asthma are leukotriene antagonists that block bronchoconstriction, mucus production, and the inflammation found with asthma.

Question 35

Cromolyn cannot be used for children with asthma because of its side effects.

Question 36

Antihistamines are safe for persons with glaucoma, urinary retention, and ulcers.

Question 37

Coffee, colas, chocolate, and charbroiled foods are safe with xanthine derivatives.

Question 38

Antihistamines are effective against histamines that have already attached to receptor sites.

Question 39

The major drugs for asthma and COPD are sympathomimetic medications and xanthine derivatives.

Question 40

Under FDA regulations, OTC combination products for upper respiratory illnesses always contain the same medications in the same formula if these preparations are sold under the same name.

Question 41

Side effects of medications for respiratory disorders are hypertension, stomatitis, and increased appetite and alertness.

Question 42

Antihistamines are effective for allergies and the common cold.

Question 43

Antihistamines are effective when used before histamines have not attached to the receptor sites.

Question 44

Bronchodilators dilate the bronchial tree to increase O₂ and CO₂ exchange.

Question 45

Antitussives are especially effective for the productive cough.

Question 46

Mucolytics increase the viscosity of respiratory secretions.

Question 47

Keeping an open airway is the first step in maintenance of life in an emergency situation.

Question 48

Symptoms of respiratory disorders include dyspnea, cough, fatigue, headaches, and hemoptysis.

Question 49

The best treatment for influenza is prophylaxis with an annual influenza vaccine.

Question 50

Benadryl is the medication of choice for allergies.

Question 51

Antihistamines must be matched to the patient's tolerance level to be effective.

Question 52

Antihistamines increase respiratory tract secretions especially in the oral cavity.

Question 53

Cold and cough preparations can be safely combined with antihistamines.

Question 54

Xanthines relax the smooth muscle of the respiratory tract but also stimulate the cardiac muscles and the CNS where most of the side effects occur.

Question 55

Combination decongestants are indicated for the common cold.

Question 56

Oxygen exchange maintains body pH and homeostasis.

Question 57

Xanthine derivatives such as theophylline are not always the drugs of choice for asthma because of the narrow therapeutic range.

Question 58

Xanthines are being replaced in asthma therapy by beta₁ agonists.

Question 59

Respiratory tract secretions are thin and watery to protect the upper respiratory tract from toxins.

Question 60

Glucocorticoids are used in asthma to increase the secretions of the bronchial tree.

Question 61

Salmeterol is the preferred medication for asthma prophylaxis and for aborting asthma attacks.

Question 62

Phenylephrine and pseudoephedrine are the most widely used drugs in decongestants.

Question 63

Beta₂ agonists are used to relieve ongoing asthma attacks and may be used prophylactically also.

Question 64

DPIs are easier to use than MDIs.

Question 65

Alcohol is synergistic with first generation antihistamines.

Question 66

Combination medications of antihistamines, decongestants, and analgesics are available for treating the common cold and are the drugs of choice in most cases.

Question 67

Cough suppressants should always be used to decrease expectoration of respiratory secretions.

Question 68

Cromolyn and nedocromil are used to prevent asthma attacks.

Question 69

Antihistamines that thicken sputum are safe for use with persons who have COPD.

Question 70

Dornase alfa is a mucolytic specific for cystic fibrosis.

Question 71

Chlorpheniramine is the antihistamine of choice in the elderly.

Question 72

Hypertonic saline inhaled through mists or room humidifier can be used for think tenacious mucus of respiratory diseases.

Question 73

A productive cough of COPD should be suppressed using opioid cough medications.

Question 74

Mucokinetic agents are the same drugs as mucolytics that are used to make respiratory secretions more watery for ease of expulsion.

Question 75

Acetylcysteine is an inhalation agent used to make mucus less viscous.

Question 76

Topical and oral decongestants are for short-term therapy.

Question 77

A nonproductive cough should not be treated.

Question 78

Benzonatate has an anesthetic effect to suppress coughs.

Question 79

Nebulizers convert a solution to a mist to be inhaled to treat respiratory conditions.

Question 80

MDIs are efficient and administer 90% of the drug to the lungs.