Deck 19: Nutritional Supplements and Alternative Medicines

Question 1

OTC nutritional supplements are one of the largest fields of pharmaceutical sales in the United States.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Vitamins purchased OTC usually have a higher usable vitamin content than prescription medications have.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

Fat-soluble vitamins should be taken only when deemed medically necessary.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Which of the following is NOT true of water-soluble vitamins?

A) Water-soluble vitamins are not stored in fatty tissue.
B) Excessive boiling and cooking of food will lead to water-soluble vitamin deficiencies.
C) Water-soluble vitamins need to be replaced on an almost daily basis.
D) All water-soluble vitamins have the same RDI.
E) Vitamin B components vary in structure but are grouped together because these vitamins were first isolated from liver and yeast.

Question 5

Vitamin D preparations are used for

A) minor burns
B) diaper rash
C) dialysis patients
D) a and b
E) a, b, and c

Question 6

Which of the following is NOT true of vitamin K?

A) Vitamin K is essential for the synthesis of prothrombin.
B) Bleeding from heparin overdose can be reversed by using vitamin K.
C) Newborns are given vitamin K because their GI tract does not contain sufficient bacteria to synthesize vitamin K.
D) Chest pain, dyspnea, and hemolytic anemia are possible with overdoses of vitamin K.
E) The normal source of vitamin K is bacterial synthesis by normal intestinal flora using bile salts.

Question 7

Foods with synthetic vitamins added during processing are labeled "fortified" and "enriched."

Question 8

RDI is the abbreviation for

A) regular dietary indication
B) required daily intake
C) recommended daily indication
D) regular dietary intake
E) recommended dietary intake

Question 9

Minerals may be needed in all of the following clinical situations EXCEPT

A) taking diuretics
B) periods of slow growth
C) anemia
D) growth of tissue following burns or injuries
E) growth of bone structures

Question 10

Vitamin D deficiency leads to tetany and impaired nerve responses.

Question 11

Excess vitamin C may cause kidney stones.

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT true of minerals?

A) Minerals are organic compounds.
B) Humans obtain minerals from eating plants grown in mineral-rich soil.
C) Minerals may exist in body fluids as acids, bases, or salts.
D) Minerals have no energy value but are necessary to regulate body processes.
E) Most minerals leave the food and remain in cooking water; therefore foods should be cooked in as little water as possible.

Question 13

Every adult should take multivitamins daily.

Question 14

Which of the following is/are true of vitamin A?

A) Vitamin A causes night blindness.
B) Vitamin A causes birth defects.
C) Vitamin A causes lesions and dysfunction of the mucous membranes.
D) All of the above statements are true.
E) None of the above statements is true.

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT true of vitamin E?

A) Vitamin E is not essential for health but is helpful in maintaining skin integrity.
B) Vitamin E has antioxidant properties and protects red blood cells from hemolysis, thus decreasing the risk of coronary artery disease.
C) Postmenopausal women who are not taking estrogen need vitamin E.
D) Vitamin E is used to relieve minor burns, diaper rash, and chafed skin.
E) Excessive amounts of vitamin E lead to fatigue, depression, and headaches.

Question 16

Vitamin D is necessary to prevent skin diseases.

Question 17

Which of the following is NOT true of vitamin D?

A) Vitamin D deficiency leads to rickets and osteoporosis.
B) Vitamin D has no connection with nervous system symptoms.
C) Vitamin D must have sunlight for at least 10 minutes a day to be effective.
D) Vitamin D is found in eggs, liver, and fish.
E) Vitamin D is necessary for the absorption of calcium and phosphorus in the intestines.

Question 18

Which of the following is NOT true regarding the use of herbals?

A) Herbals are regulated by the FDA and the U.S. Department of Agriculture.
B) Herbals might not have the same dosage with each administration.
C) Herbals are the backbone of cultural diversity in medicine.
D) Herbals are considered a dietary supplement, not a medication.

Question 19

Which of the following is NOT true of alternative medications?

A) Alternative medication is the practice of using medicinal products for which scientific evidence for a therapy is lacking.
B) Complementary medicine is using a practice that is accepted in mainstream medicine, such as diet therapy, exercise, and biofeedback.
C) All alternative medicine is accepted similarly in all cultures.
D) Present-day pharmacology is actually based on the alternative medical practice of using herbs.
E) Folk and home remedies are used on a daily basis in most cultures.

Question 20

Which vitamin requires sunlight to be effective?

A) B
B) D
C) K
D) E
E) A

Question 21

Lack of vitamin B₁ may lead to cardiovascular damage and psychosis.

Question 22

Hypervitaminosis is common with water-soluble vitamins B and C.

Question 23

A deficiency in vitamin B₁₂ may lead to pernicious anemia.

Question 24

Vitamin B₅ or pantothenic acid must be replaced on a daily basis, or severe disease will occur.

Question 25

Lifestyle and vitamins have no interrelationship.

Question 26

Replacement for a deficiency in vitamin B₇ is rarely needed because vitamin B₇ is so widely found in foods.

Question 27

There are no adequate dietary sources of vitamin K.

Question 28

Vitamin C may be given prophylactically for the common cold and as adjunct therapy with cancer treatments.

Question 29

Minerals are classified as major, minor, and daily necessary.

Question 30

Deficiency of vitamin A may cause night blindness, while excessive amounts may cause birth defects.

Question 31

Vitamin B₁₂ may be effectively taken orally.

Question 32

The March of Dimes suggests that all women of childbearing age take 400 mcg of folic acid supplements a day.

Question 33

Side effects of vitamin B₃ are flushing of the skin, itching, and hypotension.

Question 34

Deficiencies of vitamin C will lead to bruising, delayed wound healing, and swollen, inflamed gums.

Question 35

The most common condition causing a deficiency of vitamins B and C is alcoholism.

Question 36

Vitamin E is found in wheat germ oil, vegetable oils, egg yolks, and milk fat.

Question 37

Minerals are also called electrolytes and are essential for homeostasis.

Question 38

Mineral supplements should be given on a daily basis because the body loses minerals rapidly throughout the day.

Question 39

Vitamin B₂ may change the color of the urine to orange.

Question 40

Vitamin C has no toxic effects.

Question 41

OTC supplements for vitamins and minerals are always sold as vitamin supplements or mineral supplements, never in combination.

Question 42

Match the following terms with their descriptions below.
Refers to solutions with the same composite as normal body tissue based on having the same concentration of solutes as found in body tissue

A)ion
B)acid
C)alkaline
D)electrolyte
E)isotonic

Question 43

Match the following terms with their descriptions below.
Any substance with a hydrogen ion that is released in a solution and reacts with metals to form salts; pH below 7

A)ion
B)acid
C)alkaline
D)electrolyte
E)isotonic

Question 44

Pesticides and heavy metals may be found in herbal products.

Question 45

Children taking fluoride drops should eat something immediately after taking the medication so that the fluoride will adhere to the teeth.

Question 46

Herbs may be used to treat many of a person's minor complaints without danger of toxicity.

Question 47

Each culture has a primary medical provider for treating with herbals.

Question 48

The two major problems with herbal treatment are failure to identify allergic responses to herbs and the possibility of a patient foregoing medical diagnosis and treatment to be treated with herbs.

Question 49

Vitamins and minerals should be used with caution in children, pregnant women, and the elderly.

Question 50

Homemade and commercial herbal preparations are essentially the same, and the growth environment for the herb is not important.

Question 51

Vitamin A is a pregnancy category X medication.

Question 52

Match the following terms with their descriptions below.
Any substance that combines with hydrogen to form a salt; pH above 7

A)ion
B)acid
C)alkaline
D)electrolyte
E)isotonic

Question 53

Patients should always inform their physician that they are using herbs.

Question 54

Excessive use of minerals may lead to hair loss, changes in blood and blood vessels, and cardiac arrest.

Question 55

Allied health professionals must take careful patient histories to determine whether any type of alternative medicine is being used.

Question 56

Vitamins and minerals are essential for homeostasis.

Question 57

When a product is labeled "natural," it means that it is "safe."

Question 58

Herbs are called "nature's medicine chest."

Question 59

All herbs are safe and can be taken with medications without risk of overdosage or toxic reaction between medicines and herbs.

Question 60

Herbal supplements come from the leaves and stems of plants only so are safe for use because toxic substances are not found in those parts of the plant.

Question 61

Match the following terms with their descriptions below.
A number of organic substances necessary in trace amounts for normal growth, development, metabolism, and release of energy from food

A)avitaminosis
B)hypervitaminosis
C)vitamin
D)nutrient
E)mineral

Question 62

Match the following terms with their descriptions below.
Substance that uncouples into ions in solution and can then conduct an electrical charge

A)ion
B)acid
C)alkaline
D)electrolyte
E)isotonic

Question 63

Match the following terms with their descriptions below.
Condition resulting from an excess intake of vitamins

A)avitaminosis
B)hypervitaminosis
C)vitamin
D)nutrient
E)mineral

Question 64

Match the following terms with their descriptions below.
Aids in building tissue proteins. Deficiency is pellagra. Found in legumes, grains, and peanuts.

A)vitamin B₁ (thiamine)
B)vitamin B₂ (riboflavin)
C)vitamin B₃ (niacin)
D)vitamin B₆ (pyridoxine)
E)vitamin B₉ (folic acid)

Question 65

Match the following terms with their descriptions below.
Treatment devised and applied at home without professional advice and may or may not have therapeutic value

A)alternative medicine
B)complementary medicine
C)folk medicine
D)home remedy
E)teratogenic

Question 66

Match the following terms with their descriptions below.
Substance dissolved in a solution

A)tetany
B)osteomalacia
C)solute
D)solvent
E)salt

Question 67

Match the following terms with their descriptions below.
Remedies for illnesses passed down within families or cultures for the treatment of specific symptoms

A)alternative medicine
B)complementary medicine
C)folk medicine
D)home remedy
E)teratogenic

Question 68

Match the following terms with their descriptions below.
Chemical compound resulting from the interaction of an acid and a base

A)tetany
B)osteomalacia
C)solute
D)solvent
E)salt

Question 69

Match the following terms with their descriptions below.
Alternative medical techniques that have been proven effective by scientific research and are accepted as part of good medical practice

A)alternative medicine
B)complementary medicine
C)folk medicine
D)home remedy
E)teratogenic

Question 70

Match the following terms with their descriptions below.
Inorganic solid substance, usually a component of the earth's crust

A)avitaminosis
B)hypervitaminosis
C)vitamin
D)nutrient
E)mineral

Question 71

Match the following terms with their descriptions below.
Hyperexcitability of nerves and muscles characterized by spasms and cramps

A)tetany
B)osteomalacia
C)solute
D)solvent
E)salt

Question 72

Match the following terms with their descriptions below.
Liquid holding another substance in solution

A)tetany
B)osteomalacia
C)solute
D)solvent
E)salt

Question 73

Match the following terms with their descriptions below.
Capable of inducing defects in an embryo or fetus

A)alternative medicine
B)complementary medicine
C)folk medicine
D)home remedy
E)teratogenic

Question 74

Match the following terms with their descriptions below.
Disease in which softening of the bones causes flexibility and brittleness, leading to deformities

A)tetany
B)osteomalacia
C)solute
D)solvent
E)salt

Question 75

Match the following terms with their descriptions below.
Atom or molecule bearing a positive or negative electrical charge that may be charged electrolytes in body fluids

A)ion
B)acid
C)alkaline
D)electrolyte
E)isotonic

Question 76

Match the following terms with their descriptions below.
Promotes amino acid metabolism and is needed for the synthesis of DNA and RNA. Found in milk, eggs, yeast, and green leafy vegetables.

A)vitamin B₁ (thiamine)
B)vitamin B₂ (riboflavin)
C)vitamin B₃ (niacin)
D)vitamin B₆ (pyridoxine)
E)vitamin B₉ (folic acid)

Question 77

Match the following terms with their descriptions below.
Any disease caused by lack of vitamin production or intake

A)avitaminosis
B)hypervitaminosis
C)vitamin
D)nutrient
E)mineral

Question 78

Match the following terms with their descriptions below.
Food or substance that supplies the body with necessary elements for metabolism and body nourishment

A)avitaminosis
B)hypervitaminosis
C)vitamin
D)nutrient
E)mineral

Question 79

Match the following terms with their descriptions below.
Practice of using products for which scientific evidence of safety and efficacy is lacking

A)alternative medicine
B)complementary medicine
C)folk medicine
D)home remedy
E)teratogenic

Question 80

Match the following terms with their descriptions below.
Needed for the formation of blood and maintenance of nervous tissue. Found in most foods.

A)vitamin B₁ (thiamine)
B)vitamin B₂ (riboflavin)
C)vitamin B₃ (niacin)
D)vitamin B₆ (pyridoxine)
E)vitamin B₉ (folic acid)