Deck 17: Antimicrobials, Antifungals, and Antivirals

Question 1

Which of the following is NOT true about tetracyclines?

A) They should be given with milk products.
B) They may be recognized by the suffix "cycline."
C) They cannot be given to children or pregnant women owing to the danger of staining teeth.
D) They cause photosensitivity.
E) They are dangerous for use after expiration date.

Answer 1

They should be given with milk products.

Question 2

Antimalarial drugs often have which of the following in their name?

A) cef
B) cillin
C) quin
D) mycin
E) cycline

Answer 2

quin

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT true of cephalosporins?

A) First- and second-generation medications are relatively expensive and for this reason are not used often.
B) Uses of the generations are related to the type of microorganism involved in the infection.
C) Cephalosporins are used for persons who are allergic to penicillins.
D) Microbes that are drug-resistant to penicillin are usually resistant to cephalosporins.
E) Penicillins are more potent with each generation, while cephalosporins work on a different wide-spectrum of microbes.

Answer 3

Cephalosporins are used for persons who are allergic to penicillins.

Question 4

Antibacterial medications include

A) penicillins and cephalosporins
B) macrolides and aminoglycosides
C) sulfonamides
D) all of the above
E) all but c

Question 5

Antiseptics, disinfectants, and germicides

A) may require a prescription
B) may be bought over the counter
C) are used to sanitize animate and inanimate objects
D) all of the above
E) all except a

Question 6

Which of the following is NOT a sign of adverse reactions and does NOT need to be reported to the physician when taking aminoglycosides?

A) dizziness
B) tinnitus
C) hearing loss
D) vertigo
E) blurred vision

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT true of urinary tract anti-infectants?

A) They are used to treat urinary tract infections.
B) They do not achieve effective concentrations in blood and tissues to be antibacterial.
C) They do not discolor urine.
D) They have frequent adverse reactions in the gastrointestinal tract.
E) They may be given with milk or milk products.

Question 8

Which of the following should the physician NOT consider when ordering antibiotics?

A) Antibiotic therapy should be continued as long as the infection is present but should not exceed the usual time for the suspected infective organism.
B) Unless the benefits outweigh the risks, a drug should not be given to someone who has had a previous allergic reaction.
C) The antibiotic should be selected because it is effective against the microorganism involved in the infection.
D) The first drug of choice should always be the only medication used.
E) The ability of the patient to take the medications at a specific time is important in choosing a drug and the expected responses to the drug.

Question 9

Which of the following is NOT true of sulfonamides?

A) Sulfonamides are true antibiotics.
B) Sulfonamides are used to treat areas where fluids can flush infection.
C) Sulfonamides are categorized by duration of action.
D) Sulfonamides are often used for urinary tract infections.
E) Sulfonamides have common adverse reactions of kidney damage, acidosis, and gastrointestinal symptoms.

Question 10

Which of the following is NOT true about antifungals?

A) Antifungal therapy is usually long term.
B) Fungal infections may be caused by the use of antibiotics.
C) The form of medication should be matched to the site of infection.
D) Adverse reactions are minor and usually are not important for patient teaching.
E) Systemic medications usually require large doses to be effective.

Question 11

Ineffectiveness of antibiotics is related to all of the following EXCEPT

A) careful selection of antibiotics
B) not following guidelines for drug administration
C) saving some of the medications for future infections
D) poor sanitation and overcrowding
E) not matching the drug to the bug

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT true about drug resistance with antibiotics?

A) Only a few antimicrobials promote the emergence of drug-resistant drugs.
B) Inappropriate use of drugs will increase the resistance of normal flora, making them possible pathogens.
C) Antibiotics should be used discriminately with viral infections.
D) Broad-spectrum antibiotics tend to kill off normal flora, making other medications drug resistant.
E) Drugs that interfere with the normal immune system may cause superinfections.

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT true of topical preparations of sulfonamides?

A) Sulfonamide skin lotions are used for seborrheic dermatitis and acne.
B) Sulfonamides have some systemic absorption.
C) Sulfonamides remain as topical agents and are not absorbed as systemic agents when applied topically.
D) Sulfonamides preparations have use as ocular and ophthalmic.
E) Sulfonamides come in powders and ointments to treat burns.

Question 14

Antibiotics may be found from which of the following sources?

A) ocean water near sewage overflow
B) dirt
C) chemicals
D) all of the above
E) b and c

Question 15

Which of the following are particularly susceptible to antibiotics and antimicrobials?

A) infants and small children
B) older adults
C) persons with liver and kidney diseases
D) pregnant and lactating women
E) all except d

Question 16

Germicidals work on which of the following microbes?

A) viruses
B) bacteria
C) spores and fungi
D) all of the above
E) all except c

Question 17

Which of the following is NOT a way to classify penicillins?

A) generation
B) narrow-spectrum
C) broad-spectrum
D) time of action
E) by microbe effectiveness

Question 18

Which of the following is NOT true about drugs used to treat malaria?

A) The drugs are used toward prophylaxis and therapeutic treatment.
B) The drug is chosen by the strain of malaria involved and the life cycle of the disease.
C) Travelers to foreign countries where malaria is endemic should check with the CDC for advice on prophylactic medications.
D) Adverse reactions to antimalarial drugs include nausea, diarrhea, headache, vertigo, and rash.
E) Quinine and its derivatives are safe with pregnancy and lactation.

Question 19

Which of the following is NOT true about drugs for tuberculosis?

A) Antitubercular drugs are divided into two groups: those that are fairly safe and those that are fairly toxic.
B) For prophylactic treatment of TB, only one medication may be given, usually INH.
C) To avoid development of drug-resistant TB, a combination of medications is usually given for the patient with TB .
D) Medications for TB, whether prophylactic or therapeutic, are given for about a month and then discontinued.
E) Pyrazinamide (PZA) is used for active tuberculosis only.

Question 20

The signs of allergic reactions to antibiotics include all of the following EXCEPT

A) rash and urticaria
B) fever
C) anaphylaxis
D) breathing difficulties
E) liver and renal changes

Question 21

When using antimicrobials and antibiotics, the physician should do microbiology tests to "match the drug to the bug."

Question 22

A person becomes resistant to antibiotics.

Question 23

Once a person exhibits an allergy to penicillin, he or she is considered always allergic to penicillin.

Question 24

Drug-resistant microbes are a major health problem in the United States today, and their growth is encouraged by inappropriate use of antibiotics for nonbacterial infections such as viruses.

Question 25

Antimicrobials are meant to control disease until the body's immune system can fight the infection.

Question 26

All antifungal drugs require a prescription.

Question 27

Some antiviral and antimalarial drugs are contraindicated in pregnancy.

Question 28

Culture and sensitivity tests may be done at any time during antimicrobial or antibiotic therapy.

Question 29

Antimicrobial medications cure or control diseases and are used in surgical procedures.

Question 30

The goal of antimicrobial and antibiotic therapy is to cure disease.

Question 31

Prophylactic use of antibiotics may be appropriate with some patients, such as older adults or persons with congenital diseases.

Question 32

If a drug-resistant microorganism is present, antibiotics will increase its virulence while killing the weaker microbes.

Question 33

Antibiotics are effective against viral infections.

Question 34

In using antibiotics, drug-resistant microbes are expected, and the use of antibiotics to treat infections does not encourage this problem.

Question 35

In taking antibiotics, the time between doses is a very relevant factor in the therapeutic effect of the drug.

Question 36

Penicillin is considered one of the drugs that cause severe allergic reactions.

Question 37

Only a person who has a drug-resistant microbial infection must worry about contracting a drug-resistant disease.

Question 38

If a person exhibits only a rash from penicillin, it is safe to give medications from this drug group in the future.

Question 39

Antibiotics of the mid-20th century were from refined plant sources, while those today come from many sources including animals and chemicals as well as plants.

Question 40

Fever is a good indication that an antibiotic should be administered.

Question 41

Hydrogen peroxide is damaging to new tissue growth and should be used with care because its effectiveness in killing microorganisms is limited.

Question 42

Aminoglycosides should not be given with penicillins.

Question 43

Medications for HIV are often given in combination to prevent drug resistance.

Question 44

Ototoxicity is one of the major drawbacks of aminoglycosides.

Question 45

Persons with fungal infections should wear cotton clothing and should wear light-colored socks and cotton-crotch underwear.

Question 46

Cephalosporins are structurally related to penicillins.

Question 47

Patients who are taking rifampin should be informed that the drug may cause staining of contact lenses.

Question 48

Antivirals for HIV are used in short-term therapy.

Question 49

Fluoroquinolones are broad-spectrum antibiotics that are used for bone and joint infections, urinary tract infections, prostatitis, and gonorrhea.

Question 50

Diflucan is an antifungal medication that increases the effects of oral hypoglycemic medications.

Question 51

Macrolides are named for the size of their chemical compound and are classified by generation.

Question 52

Penicillins may be either bacteriostatic, bactericidal, or both.

Question 53

Disinfectants and antiseptics may be taken internally as needed for gastrointestinal surgery.

Question 54

Antivirals do not eliminate the HIV virus but may reduce the disease until it is undetectable.

Question 55

Viruses are difficult to treat because a virus is dependent on a host cell.

Question 56

All antibacterial medications require a prescription.

Question 57

Sodium hypochlorite solution may be diluted to 10% and used as an antiseptic to irrigate wounds or as a disinfectant for the HIV virus on countertops, etc. A month's supply of this solution may be made at a time.

Question 58

Gentian violet is used for fungal infections and will permanently stain clothing.

Question 59

Match the following terms with their descriptions below.
Drug that either destroys or inhibits the growth of bacteria

A)antibiotic
B)antibacterial
C)disinfectant
D)antimicrobial
E)antiseptic

Question 60

The letters "vir" often are found in antiviral medication names.

Question 61

Match the following terms with their descriptions below.
Substance that prevents infection by killing bacteria

A)antibiotic
B)antibacterial
C)disinfectant
D)antimicrobial
E)antiseptic

Question 62

Match the following terms with their descriptions below.
Substance that reduces the microbial flora of the skin and mucous membranes by preventing or inhibiting the growth of microorganisms without necessarily killing them

A)antibiotic
B)antibacterial
C)disinfectant
D)antimicrobial
E)antiseptic

Question 63

Match the following terms with their descriptions below.
Agent capable of preventing or inhibiting the growth of microorganisms

A)antibiotic
B)antibacterial
C)disinfectant
D)antimicrobial
E)antiseptic

Question 64

Match the following terms with their descriptions below.
Natural or synthetic substance from certain organisms used to inhibit or destroy the growth of microorganisms

A)antibiotic
B)antibacterial
C)disinfectant
D)antimicrobial
E)antiseptic