Question 1

Along with prescribing antibiotics,adults with pneumonia should be instructed on lifestyle modifications to improve outcomes,including:&#10;A) Adequate fluid intake&#10;B) Increased fiber intake&#10;C) Bedrest for the first 24 hours&#10;D) All of the above

Accepted Answer

Adequate fluid intake is important for hydration and to help loosen and remove mucus from the lungs. Increased fiber intake and bedrest are not specifically recommended for pneumonia treatment.

Question 2

Adults with pneumonia who are responding to antimicrobial therapy should show improvement in their clinical status in:&#10;A) 12 to 24 hours&#10;B) 24 to 36 hours&#10;C) 48 to 72 hours&#10;D) 4 or 5 days

Accepted Answer

Generally, adults with pneumonia who are responding to antimicrobial therapy should show improvement in their clinical status within 48 to 72 hours. If there is no improvement within this timeframe, further evaluation is necessary to assess for treatment failure or the need to switch to a different antimicrobial agent.

Question 3

The first-line antibiotic choice for a patient with comorbidities or who is immunosuppressed who has pneumonia and can be treated as an outpatient would be:&#10;A) Levofloxacin&#10;B) Amoxicillin&#10;C) Ciprofloxacin&#10;D) Cephalexin

Accepted Answer

Levofloxacin is a broad-spectrum fluoroquinolone antibiotic that has activity against both typical and atypical pathogens, making it a good choice for treating pneumonia in this population. Amoxicillin is a good choice for outpatient treatment of pneumonia in someone without comorbidities or immunosuppression, but may not provide adequate coverage for atypical pathogens. Ciprofloxacin is also a broad-spectrum fluoroquinolone, but is associated with more serious adverse effects and is generally reserved for more severe cases of pneumonia. Cephalexin is a first-generation cephalosporin and would not be a good choice for treating pneumonia.

Question 4

The most common bacterial pathogen in community acquired pneumonia is:&#10;A) Haemophilus influenzae&#10;B) Staphylococcus aureus&#10;C) Mycoplasma pneumoniae&#10;D) Streptococcus pneumoniae

Accepted Answer

Streptococcus pneumoniae is the most common bacterial pathogen in community acquired pneumonia, responsible for up to 50% of cases. Haemophilus influenzae and Staphylococcus aureus are also common causes, but less so than S. pneumoniae. Mycoplasma pneumoniae is a common cause of atypical pneumonia, which is a subtype of community acquired pneumonia that is caused by organisms other than typical bacterial pathogens such as S. pneumoniae.

Question 5

The first-line drug choice for a previously healthy adult patient diagnosed with community acquired pneumonia would be:&#10;A) Ciprofloxacin&#10;B) Azithromycin&#10;C) Amoxicillin&#10;D) Doxycycline

Accepted Answer

Azithromycin is the first-line drug choice for previously healthy adult patients diagnosed with community-acquired pneumonia. It has a broad spectrum of activity and covers the most common pathogens that cause community-acquired pneumonia. It is also well tolerated and convenient, as it is taken once daily for 5 days.

Question 6

Giselle is a 14 year old who presents to clinic with symptoms consistent with mycoplasma pneumonia.What is the treatment for suspected mycoplasma pneumonia in an adolescent?&#10;A) Ceftriaxone&#10;B) Azithromycin&#10;C) Ciprofloxacin&#10;D) Levofloxacin

Accepted Answer

Azithromycin is the recommended treatment for suspected mycoplasma pneumonia in adolescents. Ceftriaxone, ciprofloxacin, and levofloxacin are not effective against mycoplasma.

Question 7

If an adult patient with comorbidities cannot reliably take oral antibiotics to treat pneumonia,an appropriate initial treatment option would be:&#10;A) IV or IM gentamicin&#10;B) IV or IM ceftriaxone&#10;C) IV amoxicillin&#10;D) IV ciprofloxacin

Accepted Answer

IV or IM ceftriaxone is a broad-spectrum antibiotic that can effectively treat pneumonia in adults with comorbidities who cannot take antibiotics orally. It can be administered once a day and is generally well-tolerated.

Question 8

John is a 4-week-old infant who has been diagnosed with chlamydial pneumonia.The appropriate treatment for his pneumonia would be:&#10;A) Levofloxacin&#10;B) Amoxicillin&#10;C) Erythromycin&#10;D) Cephalexin

Accepted Answer

Chlamydial pneumonia is caused by the bacteria Chlamydia trachomatis and is most common in infants aged 1-3 months. The recommended treatment is a 2-week course of erythromycin or azithromycin, as these are effective against the bacteria. Levofloxacin, amoxicillin, and cephalexin are not effective against Chlamydia trachomatis and would not be appropriate treatments for chlamydial pneumonia.

Question 9

Wing-Sing is a 4 year old who has a suspected bacterial pneumonia.He has a temperature of 102°F,oxygen saturation level of 95%,and is taking fluids adequately.What would be appropriate initial treatment for his pneumonia?

A) Ceftriaxone
B) Azithromycin
C) Cephalexin
D) Levofloxacin

Accepted Answer

Ceftriaxone is a broad-spectrum antibiotic that is commonly used as an initial treatment for bacterial pneumonia in children, especially when hospitalization is required or when the causative organism is not yet identified.

Question 10

Samantha is 34 weeks pregnant and has been diagnosed with pneumonia.She is stable enough to be treated as an outpatient.What would be an appropriate antibiotic to prescribe?&#10;A) Levofloxacin&#10;B) Azithromycin&#10;C) Amoxicillin&#10;D) Doxycycline

Accepted Answer

Azithromycin would be the most appropriate antibiotic to prescribe for a pregnant woman with pneumonia. Levofloxacin and doxycycline are contraindicated due to potential harm to the developing fetus, while amoxicillin may not be effective against pneumonia caused by certain bacteria. Azithromycin is also a recommended treatment option for pneumonia in pregnancy according to the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists.

Deck 42: Pneumonia