Question 1

An ACE inhibitor and what other class of drug may reduce proteinuria in patients with diabetes better than either drug alone?&#10;A) Beta blockers&#10;B) Diuretics&#10;C) Nondihydropyridine calcium channel blockers&#10;D) Angiotensin II receptor blockers

Accepted Answer

Nondihydropyridine calcium channel blockers

Question 2

Lack of adherence to blood pressure management is very common.Reasons for this lack of adherence include:&#10;A) Lifestyle changes are difficult to achieve and maintain&#10;B) Adverse drug reactions are common and often fall into the categories more associated with nonadherence&#10;C) Costs of drugs and monitoring with labs can be expensive&#10;D) All of the above

Accepted Answer

All three options (A, B, and C) can contribute to lack of adherence to blood pressure management. Lifestyle changes can be difficult to achieve and maintain, which can make it challenging to sustain healthy behaviors that support blood pressure management. Adverse drug reactions can also be a barrier to adherence, particularly if a patient experiences side effects that are bothersome or unpleasant. Additionally, the cost of drugs and monitoring can be a challenge for patients who need to manage their blood pressure over the long term. All of these factors can make it difficult for patients to adhere to recommended treatment regimens, which can ultimately have negative consequences for their health.

Question 3

Treatment costs are important for patients with hypertension.Which of the following statements about cost is NOT true?&#10;A) Hypertension is a chronic disease where patients may be taking drugs for a long time.&#10;B) Most patients will require more than one drug to treat the hypertension.&#10;C) The cost includes the price of any routine or special lab tests that a specific drug may require.&#10;D) Few antihypertensive drugs come in generic formulations.

Accepted Answer

This statement is not true as a large number of antihypertensive drugs come in generic formulations, which can significantly reduce the treatment cost for patients.

Question 4

Blood pressure checks in children:&#10;A) Should occur with their annual physical examinations after age 6&#10;B) Require a blood pressure cuff that is one-third the diameter of the child's arm&#10;C) Should be done during every health-care visit after age 3&#10;D) Require additional lab tests such as serum creatinine

Accepted Answer

Blood pressure checks should be done during every health-care visit after age 3 in children. This helps to detect any abnormalities early and prevent future complications. Option A is not entirely accurate as blood pressure checks can be done before the age of 6. Option B is incorrect as the cuff size should be appropriate for the child's arm size, which may vary depending on their age and weight. Option D is not necessary for routine blood pressure checks in children.

Question 5

Because primary hypertension has no identifiable cause,treatment is based on interfering with the physiological mechanisms that regulate blood pressure.Thiazide diuretics treat hypertension because they:

A) Increase renin secretion
B) Decrease the production of aldosterone
C) Deplete body sodium and reduce fluid volume
D) Decrease blood viscosity

Accepted Answer

Thiazide diuretics work by blocking a specific sodium-chloride transporter in the kidneys, which leads to the excretion of sodium and water from the body. This results in a decrease in fluid volume, which ultimately lowers blood pressure. Thiazide diuretics do not increase renin secretion, decrease the production of aldosterone, or decrease blood viscosity as their primary mechanism of action.

Question 6

Compelling indications for an ACE inhibitor as treatment for hypertension based on clinical trials includes:&#10;A) Pregnancy&#10;B) Renal parenchymal disease&#10;C) Stable angina&#10;D) Dyslipidemia

Accepted Answer

Renal parenchymal disease is a compelling indication for the use of ACE inhibitors in the treatment of hypertension because they have been shown to slow the progression of renal disease and reduce the risk of cardiovascular events in this patient population. Pregnancy is not a compelling indication for ACE inhibitors because they are contraindicated during pregnancy due to the risk of fetal harm. Stable angina and dyslipidemia are not compelling indications for the use of ACE inhibitors in the treatment of hypertension.

Question 7

Disease states in addition to hypertension in which beta blockade is a compelling indication for the use of beta blockers include:&#10;A) Heart failure&#10;B) Angina&#10;C) Myocardial infarction&#10;D) Dyslipidemia

Accepted Answer

The answer of Disease states in addition to hypertension in...

Question 8

Which of the following disease processes could be made worse by taking a nonselective beta blocker?&#10;A) Asthma&#10;B) Diabetes&#10;C) Both might worsen&#10;D) Beta blockade does not affect these disorders

Accepted Answer

Nonselective beta blockers can exacerbate asthma by blocking beta-2 receptors, leading to bronchoconstriction, and can mask hypoglycemia symptoms in diabetes, making both conditions worse.

Question 9

Beta blockers treat hypertension because they:&#10;A) Reduce peripheral resistance&#10;B) Vasoconstrict coronary arteries&#10;C) Reduce norepinephrine&#10;D) Reduce angiotensin II production

Accepted Answer

Beta blockers work by reducing peripheral resistance, which decreases the workload on the heart and lowers blood pressure. Options B, C, and D are not mechanisms by which beta blockers treat hypertension.

Question 10

Lifestyle modifications for patients with prehypertension or hypertension include:&#10;A) Diet and increase exercise to achieve a BMI greater than 25&#10;B) Drink 4 ounces of red wine at least once per week&#10;C) Adopt the DASH diet&#10;D) Increase potassium intake

Accepted Answer

The answer of Lifestyle modifications for patients with prehypertension or...

Question 11

All patients with hypertension benefit from diuretic therapy,but those who benefit the most are:&#10;A) Those with orthostatic hypertension&#10;B) African Americans&#10;C) Those with stable angina&#10;D) Diabetics

Accepted Answer

The answer of All patients with hypertension benefit from diuretic...

Question 12

ACE inhibitors treat hypertension because they:&#10;A) Reduce sodium and water retention&#10;B) Decrease vasoconstriction&#10;C) Increase vasodilation&#10;D) All of the above

Accepted Answer

The answer of ACE inhibitors treat hypertension because they:&#10;A) Reduce...

Question 13

Caffeine,exercise,and smoking should be avoided for at least how long before blood pressure measurement?&#10;A) 15 minutes&#10;B) 30 minutes&#10;C) 60 minutes&#10;D) 90 minutes

Accepted Answer

The answer of Caffeine,exercise,and smoking should be avoided for at...

Question 14

Because of its action on various body systems,the patient taking a thiazide or loop diuretic may also need to receive:&#10;A) Potassium supplements&#10;B) Calcium supplements&#10;C) Magnesium supplements&#10;D) Phosphates supplements

Accepted Answer

The answer of Because of its action on various body...

Question 15

At which stage/classification of hypertension should drug therapy be instituted according to the JNC-7 Report?&#10;A) Prehypertension&#10;B) Stage 1&#10;C) Stage 2&#10;D) Any stage where the blood pressure is greater than 120/80 mm Hg

Accepted Answer

The answer of At which stage/classification of hypertension should drug...

Question 16

If not chosen as the first drug in hypertension treatment,which drug class should be added as second step because it will enhance the effects of most other agents?&#10;A) ACE inhibitors&#10;B) Beta blockers&#10;C) Calcium channel blockers&#10;D) Diuretics

Accepted Answer

The answer of If not chosen as the first drug...

Deck 40: Hypertension