Question 1

Which of the following interventions are recommended to be performed by people with Parkinson's disease only twice per week?&#10;A)Aerobic conditioning&#10;B)Flexibility training&#10;C)Relaxation exercises&#10;D)Resistance training

Accepted Answer

Resistance training is recommended to be performed by people with Parkinson's disease twice per week. This type of exercise can help increase muscle strength and improve motor function, balance, and mobility in individuals with Parkinson's disease. However, it is important to consult a healthcare professional before starting or changing any exercise regimen.

Question 2

Which of the following statements about dual tasking and motor performance for people with moderate to advanced Parkinson's disease is true?&#10;A)Motor performance is unchanged by dual tasking.&#10;B)Motor performance improves when dual tasking is avoided.&#10;C)Motor performance improves when dual tasking is utilized.&#10;D)The effect of dual tasking varies based on L-dopa effectiveness and dosing cycle.Chapter 18: Parkinson's Disease

Accepted Answer

Motor performance in people with moderate to advanced Parkinson's disease typically improves when dual tasking is avoided, as dual tasking can exacerbate motor difficulties.

Question 3

Which diagnosis is MORE likely for a patient who has rigidity and bradykinesia that temporarily improves with levodopa therapy?&#10;A)Normal pressure hydrocephalus&#10;B)Huntington's disease&#10;C)Parkinson's disease&#10;D)Progressive supranuclear palsy

Accepted Answer

Rigidity and bradykinesia are characteristic symptoms of Parkinson's disease. Additionally, the fact that the symptoms improve with levodopa therapy is a hallmark feature of Parkinson's disease, as it is a dopamine precursor that can help alleviate symptoms in Parkinson's patients. Normal pressure hydrocephalus, Huntington's disease, and progressive supranuclear palsy do not typically respond to levodopa therapy in the same way.

Question 4

Which of the following examination tools is MOST appropriate for assessing cognitive function in patients with Parkinson's disease?&#10;A)Mini-Mental Status Examination&#10;B)Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale&#10;C)Functional Independence Measure&#10;D)Behavioral Inattention Test

Accepted Answer

The Mini-Mental Status Examination is a widely used examination tool to assess cognitive function and can easily be administered in Parkinson's disease patients. It assesses orientation, attention, memory, language, and visuospatial abilities. The other examination tools listed are not specific to assessing cognitive function in Parkinson's disease patients.

Question 5

Which of the following findings is MORE likely to be present in patients with early-stage Parkinson's disease?&#10;A)Relative stability of impairments of body structure and function&#10;B)Fluctuating impairments of body structure and function&#10;C)Freezing of gait&#10;D)Pharmacological instability

Accepted Answer

Early-stage Parkinson's disease is characterized by relatively stable impairments of body structure and function. The symptoms may worsen over time, but in the early stages, there is typically a consistent presentation of symptoms. Fluctuating impairments of body structure and function and freezing of gait are more commonly seen in later stages of the disease. Pharmacological instability may also occur in later stages as the effectiveness of medication may vary.

Question 6

What is the MOST likely mechanism of effectiveness of external cues in the treatment of patients with Parkinson's disease?&#10;A)Reinforcing the internal cueing of the basal ganglia&#10;B)Decreasing attention to conscious motor control&#10;C)Bypassing the diminished internal cueing of the basal ganglia&#10;D)Improving memory and cognition

Accepted Answer

External cues bypass the diminished internal cueing of the basal ganglia in Parkinson's disease and activate alternative neural pathways for motor planning and execution. This can improve the patient's ability to move and initiate movements more easily.

Question 7

The absence of postural strategies in standing and gait is characteristic of which of the following stages of Parkinson's disease?&#10;A)Early&#10;B)Mid&#10;C)Advanced&#10;D)Pre-Parkinson's

Accepted Answer

The absence of postural strategies in standing and gait is characteristic of advanced stage Parkinson's disease. In the early stages, patients may experience slight tremors and stiffness, but they are usually able to maintain balance and control movements. In mid-stage Parkinson's disease, patients may experience more difficulty with balance and coordination, but they can still walk and move relatively independently. However, in advanced stage Parkinson's disease, patients may experience severe tremors, rigidity, and bradykinesia, which can make standing and walking extremely difficult. They may lose the ability to control their posture and movements, leading to falls and other complications.

Question 8

A person with Parkinson's disease completes the Five Times Sit-to-Stand Test in 16 seconds.How can this information be used clinically?&#10;A)To initiate a more aggressive strength-training program&#10;B)To categorize the patient as having mid-stage Parkinson's disease&#10;C)To determine whether the patient is at high risk for falls&#10;D)To determine that the patient is unable to live in the community independently

Accepted Answer

The Five Times Sit-to-Stand Test (FTSTS) is a reliable and valid measure of lower extremity function and dynamic balance in individuals with Parkinson's disease. A completion time of 16 seconds indicates increased risk of falls, as times greater than 13.6 seconds are associated with a higher likelihood of falling. This information can be used clinically to identify a patient's fall risk and implement appropriate interventions to prevent falls.

Deck 18: Parkinsons Disease