Deck 18: Managers As Leaders

Question 1

Fiedler's contingency model of leadership style effectiveness depends on the ability and willingness of the subordinates.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

A major goal of behavioural leadership studies is to find ways to train people to be leaders.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

According to the Ohio State studies, the dimension of leader behaviour that is defined as the extent to which a leader had job relationships characterised by mutual trust and respect for group members' ideas and feelings is called ________.

A)initiation
B)cultural
C)consideration
D)physical
E)democratic

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Trait leadership theory ignores ________.

A)the characteristics of group members
B)situational factors in the leadership research
C)the interactions of leaders and their group members as well as situational factors
D)the interactions of leaders
E)the specific characteristics that leaders possess

Question 5

According to the Ohio State studies, which of the following dimensions of leader behaviour refers to the extent to which a leader is likely to define and structure his or her role and the roles of group members in the search for goal attainment?

A)psychological structure
B)intelligence structure
C)initiating structure
D)consideration structure
E)democratic structure

Question 6

Which of the following describes the leadership style in which the leader generally gives the group complete freedom to make decisions and complete the work in whatever way it sees fit?

A)laissez-faire style
B)autocratic style
C)cultural style
D)democratic style
E)behavioural

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the textbook as one of the three leadership styles explored in the University of Iowa studies?

A)cultural style
B)democratic style
C)autocratic style
D)laissez-faire style
E)both A and C

Question 8

Which of the following describes the leadership style in which a leader tended to centralise authority, dictate work methods, make unilateral decisions and limit employee participation?

A)autocratic style
B)cultural style
C)laissez-faire style
D)democratic style
E)behavioural style

Question 9

Traits such as honesty and integrity are NOT very useful for identifying who is suited and who is not suited to be a leader.

Question 10

The managerial grid offers no answers to the question of what makes a manager an effective leader.

Question 11

Managers and leaders are the same.

Question 12

Fiedler identified three contingency dimensions: leader-member relations, task structure and reward power.

Question 13

Fiedler assumed a person's leadership style was adjusted based on the situation.

Question 14

Leadership identifies a process while leader identifies a person.

Question 15

A democratic style leader is a leader who dictates work methods, makes unilateral decisions and limits employee participation.

Question 16

Persons who are able to influence others and who possess managerial authority are termed ________.

A)managers
B)organisers
C)team members
D)visionaries
E)leaders

Question 17

The ________ style of leadership describes a leader who tends to involve employees in decision making, delegate authority, encourage participation in deciding work methods and goals, and use feedback as an opportunity for coaching employees.

A)democratic
B)laissez-faire
C)autocratic
D)cultural
E)behavioural

Question 18

Not all leaders have the capabilities or skills needed to hold managerial positions.

Question 19

The least-preferred co-worker questionnaire measures whether a person is task or relationship oriented.

Question 20

Leaders influence a group toward the achievement of goals.

Question 21

Which of the following is true concerning Fiedler's least-preferred co-worker questionnaire?

A)A high LPC would be a relationship-oriented leader.
B)A low LPC would be a task-oriented leader.
C)Leadership style is dynamic depending on the situation.
D)Leaders are either task or relationship oriented.
E)Fiedler assumed that leadership style was contextual.

Question 22

Fiedler's dimension termed ________ is the degree of confidence, trust and respect subordinates had for their leader.

A)leader-member relations
B)position power
C)task structure
D)power relationship
E)authority

Question 23

Robert House's supportive leader consults with subordinates and uses their suggestions before making a decision.

Question 24

The degree to which the job assignments are formalised and procedurised is the ________ contingency dimension according to Fiedler.

A)leader-member relations
B)centralisation
C)task structure
D)position power
E)subordinate maturity

Question 25

Robert House assumed that leadership style changes depending on the situation.

Question 26

Vroom and Yetton's path-goal model related leadership behaviour and participation to decision making.

Question 27

According to Fiedler's research, relationship-oriented leaders seemed to perform better in very unfavourable situations.

Question 28

Robert House's path-goal theory takes key elements from the expectancy theory of motivation.

Question 29

Review of the major studies undertaken to test the overall validity of the Fiedler model generally supported the model.

Question 30

The least-preferred co-worker questionnaire was developed by ________.

A)French and Raven
B)Robert House
C)Fred Fiedler
D)Victor Vroom
E)David McClelland

Question 31

According to Fiedler's research, task-oriented leaders tended to perform better in situations that are very favourable to them and in situations that were very unfavourable.

Question 32

Fiedler's least-preferred co-worker questionnaire seeks to measure what leadership factor?

A)leader traits
B)subordinate needs
C)situation
D)leader's style
E)subordinate co-worker influence

Question 33

Who developed the first contingency model for leadership?

A)Fiedler
B)Adler
C)Blake and Mouton
D)Schmidt
E)Lewin

Question 34

Path-goal theory holds that subordinates with an external locus of control will be more satisfied with a directive style.

Question 35

Fiedler's term ________ refers to the degree to which the job assignments are formalised and procedurised.

A)position power
B)leader-member relations
C)task structure
D)authority
E)power relationship

Question 36

The Situational Leadership® Model focuses on followers' readiness.

Question 37

Fiedler's model of leadership was the first ________ model.

A)team
B)contingency
C)path-goal
D)empowerment
E)visionary

Question 38

Fiedler's term ________ refers to the degree of influence a leader has over power-based activities.

A)leader-member relations
B)respect
C)position power
D)responsibility
E)task structure

Question 39

Which of the following are two of the three key situational factors Fiedler felt were important in determining leader effectiveness?

A)organisational success and position power
B)leader-member relations and maturity of followers
C)maturity of organisation and subordinates
D)task structure and leader-member relations
E)organisational age and task structure

Question 40

Fiedler assumed a person's leadership style was ________.

A)relative
B)contingent
C)fixed
D)team oriented
E)dimensional

Question 41

In House's path-goal theory, the task structure a subordinate works with would be important in understanding the ________ variable that moderates the leader behaviour-outcome relationship.

A)work group
B)subordinate
C)environmental
D)leader
E)authority system

Question 42

According to the textbook, which of the following is NOT one of the predictions from the path-goal theory?

A)Directive leadership will lead to higher employee satisfaction when there is substantive conflict within a work group.
B)The clearer and more bureaucratic the formal authority relationships, the more leaders should exhibit supportive behaviour and de-emphasise directive behaviour.
C)Supportive leadership results in high employee performance and satisfaction when subordinates are performing structured tasks.
D)Directive leadership is likely to be perceived as redundant among subordinates with high-perceived ability or with considerable experience.
E)Directive leadership leads to greater satisfaction when tasks are highly structured and well laid out than when tasks are ambiguous or stressful.

Question 43

In contrast to Fiedler's contingency theory, House's path-goal theory assumes leaders are ________.

A)flexible
B)managers
C)visionary
D)trained
E)born

Question 44

According to path-goal theory, a leader who is friendly and shows concern for the needs of subordinates is termed ________.

A)directive
B)participative
C)authoritative
D)achievement oriented
E)supportive

Question 45

In the Hersey-Blanchard leadership theory, the main role of the leader is to facilitate and communicate in which of the following leadership styles?

A)telling
B)selling
C)delegating
D)referring
E)participating

Question 46

A leader who sets challenging goals and expects very high performance levels from subordinates would be classified as what type of leader, according to path-goal theory?

A)democratic
B)supportive
C)participative
D)achievement oriented
E)directive

Question 47

In the path-goal theory, which of the following is included in the class of contingency variables termed 'environment'?

A)perceived ability
B)locus of control and experience
C)task structure and formal authority system
D)performance
E)employee satisfaction

Question 48

According to path-goal theory, a leader who lets subordinates know what's expected of them, schedules work to be done and gives specific guidance as to how to accomplish tasks is termed ________.

A)supportive
B)achievement oriented
C)authoritative
D)participative
E)directive

Question 49

According to path-goal theory, a manager who consults with subordinates and uses their suggestions would be exhibiting what type of leadership behaviour?

A)achievement oriented
B)supportive
C)directive
D)participative
E)authoritative

Question 50

Overall, the validity of the Fiedler contingency model could be described as ________.

A)unsupportive
B)inconclusive
C)supportive
D)very unsupportive
E)moderately supportive

Question 51

In the path-goal theory, which of the following is included in the class of contingency variables termed 'environment'?

A)task structure and formal authority system
B)locus of control and experience
C)perceived ability
D)employee satisfaction
E)participative leadership

Question 52

According to the textbook, the ________ theory is a contingency theory that focuses on followers' readiness.

A)active leadership
B)passive leadership
C)consideration leadership
D)situational leadership
E)inactive leadership

Question 53

Path-goal theory identifies two classes of situation variables that moderate the leadership-behaviour outcome as ________.

A)tact and relationship
B)path and goal
C)people and history
D)environment and subordinates
E)high task and high relationship

Question 54

Who developed path-goal theory?

A)Schmidt
B)House
C)Fiedler
D)Blake and Mouton
E)Lewin

Question 55

Which of the following is NOT a leadership behaviour identified in House's path goal theory?

A)supportive leader
B)achievement-oriented leader
C)transactional leader
D)participative leader
E)directive leader

Question 56

In situational leadership, which of the following leadership styles describes a leader who provides little direction or support?

A)referring
B)telling
C)selling
D)delegating
E)participating

Question 57

Which of the following leadership styles describes a leader who provides both directive and supportive behaviour?

A)telling
B)delegating
C)referring
D)selling
E)participating

Question 58

Which of the following is NOT one of the hypotheses that have evolved from the path-goal theory?

A)Supportive leadership results in high employee performance and satisfaction when subordinates are performing structured tasks.
B)Directive leadership is likely to be perceived as redundant among subordinates with highly perceived ability or with considerable experience.
C)The more clear and bureaucratic the formal authority relationships, the more leaders should exhibit supportive behaviour and de-emphasise directive behaviour.
D)Subordinates with an external locus of control will be more satisfied with a participative style.
E)Directive leadership will lead to higher employee satisfaction when there is substantive conflict within a work group.

Question 59

According to the path-goal theory, directive leadership will lead to higher employee satisfaction when there is ________ within a work group.

A)high structure
B)substantial conflict
C)a visionary leader
D)internal locus of control
E)cohesiveness

Question 60

In House's path-goal theory, which of the following is included in the class of contingency variables termed 'follower'?

A)formal authority system
B)employee satisfaction
C)task structure
D)locus of control
E)performance

Question 61

Research on path-goal theory could be summarised as ________.

A)positive support
B)very unsupportive
C)negative support
D)inconclusive
E)varying widely as supportive and non-supportive

Question 62

People working for charismatic leaders are motivated to exert extra work effort but express lower satisfaction.

Question 63

Which of the following non-verbal behaviours do researchers who are training charismatic leaders NOT include?

A)having animated facial expressions
B)having relaxed posture
C)leaning toward the subordinate
D)avoiding eye contact
E)both C and D

Question 64

In a short essay, discuss the path-goal leadership theory developed by Robert House.Next, list and explain the four leadership behaviours based on the path-goal leadership theory.

Question 65

A leader, such as the late Anita Roddick of the Body Shop, who can inspire followers above their own self-interests and can have a profound effect on their performance are known as ________.

A)transformational leaders
B)directive leaders
C)emotional leaders
D)informational leaders
E)transactional leaders

Question 66

Charismatic leadership may not always be needed to achieve high levels of employee performance.

Question 67

One specific role of team leadership is that team leaders are troubleshooters.

Question 68

In a short essay, explain Fiedler's contingency model for leadership.Next discuss the least-preferred co-worker (LPC)questionnaire and the three key situational factors for determining leader effectiveness.

Question 69

What type of leaders guide or motivate their followers in the direction of established goals by clarifying role and task requirements?

A)transformational
B)transactional
C)informational
D)trait
E)charismatic

Question 70

A charismatic leader is willing to take risks in order to achieve his or her vision.

Question 71

Charisma is the ability to create and articulate a realistic, credible and attractive vision of the future that improves on the present situation.

Question 72

Which of the following is an accurate statement about transformational leaders?

A)They are opposite style leaders compared to transactional leaders.
B)They exhibit more than just charisma.
C)They clarify task requirements.
D)They focus on tasks and pay little attention to followers.
E)They are poor motivators.

Question 73

When team leaders assume the role of troubleshooter, they clarify expectations and roles, teach and offer support.

Question 74

The evidence supports the superiority of transformational leadership over transactional leadership.

Question 75

Visionary leadership is about the ability to create and articulate a realistic, credible and attractive vision of the future that improves on the present situation.

Question 76

Which type of leader provides individualised consideration, intellectual stimulation and possesses charisma?

A)transactional
B)trait
C)charismatic
D)informational
E)transformational

Question 77

Transactional and transformational leadership are opposing approaches to getting things done.

Question 78

________ leadership is the ability to create and articulate a realistic, credible, attractive vision of the future for an organisation or organisational unit that grows out of and improves on the future.

A)Charismatic
B)Transactional
C)Trait
D)Visionary
E)Informational

Question 79

The evidence supporting the superiority of transformational leadership over the transactional variety is ________.

A)difficult to interpret
B)inconclusive
C)overwhelmingly impressive
D)moderately negative
E)moderately supportive

Question 80

In a short essay, discuss the Situational Leadership® theory as developed by Paul Hersey and Ken Blanchard.Next, list and discuss the four specific leadership styles and the four stages of follower readiness as defined by Hersey and Blanchard.