Question 1

A strong connection with Thomas Hobbes' theory of matter and motion can be found in behaviorism's view of&#10;A)conditioning and reinforced aversive behavior.&#10;B)the mind as intellect and the body as form.&#10;C)mind over matter.&#10;D)the body as matter and behavior as motion.

Accepted Answer

Thomas Hobbes' theory of matter and motion focuses on the idea that everything in the world is made up of matter and that behavior is the result of motion. Behaviorism also views behavior as a product of motion, or actions and reactions of the body. Thus, the best choice is D, which aligns with both theories' emphasis on matter and behavior as physical phenomena.

Question 2

Behaviorists , like Skinner, promote the use of technology in education, particularly where it is based on&#10;A)individual selection.&#10;B)programmed learning and reinforcement.&#10;C)punishment and conditioning.&#10;D)inner freedom of choice.

Accepted Answer

Behaviorists like Skinner believe in using programmed learning and reinforcement in education which can be facilitated through the use of technology. This includes providing students with immediate feedback and positive reinforcement for correct responses, and adjusting the pace and difficulty level of instruction based on individual performance. Punishment and conditioning are not generally seen as effective or ethical teaching strategies, and inner freedom of choice is not a core principle of behaviorism.

Question 3

Critics such as Carl Rogers find fault with behaviorism for its lack of concern for&#10;A)outside influences.&#10;B)the inner realm.&#10;C)emotional instability.&#10;D)scientific methodology.

Accepted Answer

Carl Rogers and other critics fault behaviorism for its lack of concern for the inner realm, such as emotions, thoughts, and motivations. Behaviorism focuses solely on observable behavior and ignores the internal processes that lead to the behavior.

Question 4

Skinner believed that free will&#10;A)is a moral necessity.&#10;B)influences behavior.&#10;C)overrides self-control.&#10;D)is an illusion

Accepted Answer

Skinner believed that free will is an illusion, and that all human behavior is determined by environmental and genetic factors, rather than by individual choice. He argued that the idea of free will is a myth perpetuated by cultural beliefs and traditional religious beliefs, and that a better understanding of human behavior can be achieved through the scientific analysis of observable behavior.

Question 5

Skinner believed that conditioning, to be truly effective in solving social problems, should be used on a _________ basis.&#10;A)global&#10;B)special&#10;C)local&#10;D)subjective

Accepted Answer

Skinner, a behaviorist, believed in the power of conditioning to shape behavior and solve social problems. He advocated for its application on a global scale, implying a widespread and comprehensive approach to implementing behavioral conditioning techniques across societies to effect positive change.

Question 6

Sigmund Freud claimed that conditioning was an unconscious inner thing, but Ivan Pavlov argued that it was&#10;A)based on controllable external conditions.&#10;B)a mentalistic and subjective reality.&#10;C)not inner but external spirituality.&#10;D)the conscious results of childhood training.

Accepted Answer

Ivan Pavlov believed that conditioning was based on controllable external conditions, such as environmental cues and stimuli, rather than being an unconscious inner process. Freud's perspective was more focused on unconscious motivations and desires underlying behavior.

Question 7

Skinner criticized traditional education for its&#10;A)lack of immediate reinforcement in learning.&#10;B)poorly motivated policy makers.&#10;C)inadequate and underpaid teachers.&#10;D)swollen administrative bureaucracy.

Accepted Answer

Skinner believed that traditional education lacked immediate reinforcement in learning, which was a key aspect of his theory of operant conditioning. He believed that students should receive immediate feedback and reinforcement for correct responses, rather than waiting for delayed grades or rewards.

Question 8

In Skinner's view of utopia, the good life is to be developed through&#10;A)cooperative engagement in libertarian communities.&#10;B)democratic procedures promoting individual choice.&#10;C)extensive behavioral control of human life.&#10;D)uninhibited freedom of choice.

Accepted Answer

Skinner's view of utopia is based on the extensive behavioral control of human life. He believed that by using operant conditioning principles and shaping behaviors, individuals could develop an optimized and controlled life. This would require the establishment of a system where positive reinforcement is used to encourage desirable behaviors and negative reinforcement discourages unwanted behaviors. Therefore, option C is the most appropriate answer.

Question 9

The impact of logical positivism on behaviorism resides in its insistence that conditions should be described in&#10;A)ways that reinforce democratic beliefs.&#10;B)terms that maintain social balance.&#10;C)scientific, logical, and objective terms.&#10;D)accord with absolute metaphysical views.

Accepted Answer

Logical positivism emphasizes the importance of scientific, logical, and objective language. This aligns with the behaviorist approach which focuses on observable and measurable behavior, thus requiring precise and objective descriptions of conditions.

Deck 5: Reconstructionism and Education