Deck 7: Somatosensory,chemical,and Motor Systems

Question 1

The ascending spinal-thalamic tract carries information pertaining to pain and smell.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

The supplementary motor area,premotor area,and cingulate motor area are structures within the ____________________.

Answer 2

secondary motor cortex

Question 3

The inability to recognize objects by touch is known as ____________________.

Answer 3

tactile agnosia

Question 4

Unlike the ____________________ system,the auditory system receives input from both ears resulting in bilateral representation of sound.

Question 5

The pattern theory of taste sensation suggests that taste receptors are dedicated to respond to a specific chemical.

Question 6

There are ____________________ types of receptors found on the skin and throughout the body.

Question 7

An individual with tactile agnosia would have problems recognizing family members.

Question 8

Taste receptors are not neurons.

Question 9

The posterior areas of the ____________________ contribute to the coordination of spatial mapping and motor coordination.

Question 10

The dorsal column medial lemniscal pathway carries information pertaining to touch and ____________________.

Question 11

Nocioceptors respond to ____________________.

Question 12

Proprioceptors are to position of limbs as mechanical receptors are to stretching of blood vessels.

Question 13

The inability to recognize objects and/or people is known as ____________________.

Question 14

Uncontrolled involuntary motor movements are also referred to as ____________________.

Question 15

____________________ is the number of cortical areas of the secondary motor cortex.
or

Question 16

Initiation of motor behavior and executive programming for movement originates in the ____________________.

Question 17

The ____________________ is probably involved in the emotional and motivational aspects of motor movement.

Question 18

Energy undergoes the process of ____________________ after receptor cells are activated by various environment stimuli.

Question 19

Electrical stimulation was conducted by ____________________,signaling the first attempts at cortical mapping.

Question 20

The ____________________ plays a role in motor planning and sequencing,as well as movement readiness.

Question 21

The sensory homunculus represents somatopic organization of the primary somatosensory cortex.

Question 22

Mechanical receptors respond to various chemicals on the surface of the skin and to mucous membranes.

Question 23

The primary auditory cortex is:

A)the prestriate cortex.
B)the somatosensory cortex.
C)Heschel's gyrus.
D)Broca's area.

Question 24

The primary projections of the olfactory system are to the:

A)amygdala and hippocampus.
B)thalamus.
C)medulla.
D)cingulate gyrus.

Question 25

The two types of somatosensory stimulation are:

A)internal and external stimuli.
B)tactile and visual stimuli.
C)internal thoughts and external visions.
D)taste and smell.

Question 26

Which system is the BEST example of contralateral structure/function rules--that is,when the right side of the brain controls the left side of the body?

A)visual system
B)auditory system
C)motor system
D)olfactory system

Question 27

The inability to recognize objects and/or people is known as agnosia.

Question 28

Cranial nerves VII and IX are involved with:

A)olfaction.
B)vision.
C)taste.
D)smell.

Question 29

The four cortical areas of the motor system include all of the following except:

A)dorsolateral prefrontal cortex.
B)supplementary motor cortex.
C)orbitomedial prefrontal cortex.
D)premotor cortex.

Question 30

The central olfactory pathway is the:

A)dorsal column medial lemniscal pathway.
B)ascending spinal-thalamic tract.
C)cranial nerve XI.
D)cranial nerve I.

Question 31

The four primary taste sensations are:

A)sweet,salty,sour,bitter.
B)sweet,sour,bitter,spicy.
C)sour,salty,tart,sweet.
D)acidic,tart,sweet,salty.

Question 32

Paresthesia refers to the sensation of "pins and needles."

Question 33

The primary motor cortex is located in the:

A)precentral gyrus.
B)postcentral gyrus.
C)prestriate area.
D)poststriate area.

Question 34

All of the following are types of receptors except:

A)chemoreceptors.
B)hypothermoreceptors.
C)mechanical.
D)nocioceptors.

Question 35

The somatosensory system includes both internal and external sensory stimulation.

Question 36

The kinesthetic sense of one's own body is supplied by vision,vestibular organs,and proprioceptive sense.

Question 37

The primary somatosensory cortex is located in the frontal lobe.

Question 38

The parietal lobe contains the:

A)primary motor cortex.
B)optic chiasm.
C)primary somatosensory cortex.
D)Heschel's gyrus.

Question 39

Individuals with visual and/or auditory phantoms are considered psychotic.

Question 40

Re-mapping of the somatosensory cortex or the relay station of the thalamus may occur following an amputation.

Question 41

The basal ganglia is responsible for:

A)deploying conscious movement.
B)learning new movement patterns.
C)controlling fine motor movement.
D)controlling semiautomatic motor activities.

Question 42

In evolutionary terms,which of the following is the oldest sensory system?

A)visual processing
B)taste
C)auditory and language processing
D)agnosia

Question 43

You are informed by a friend that whenever he is feeling sad,he smells his wife's perfume and reports feeling better instantaneously.Although there may be many explanations for this phenomenon,one possible physiological explanation is that:

A)the primary projections of the olfactory system innervate the limbic system through the amygdala and the hippocampal formation.
B)the primary projections of the olfactory system innervate the limbic system through the thalamus.
C)the primary projections of the olfactory system innervate the somatosensory cortex through the amygdala and the hippocampal formation.
D)the primary projections of the olfactory system innervate the somatosensory cortex through the thalamus.

Question 44

Most sensory systems pass through which one of the following areas of the brain?

A)cingulate cortex
B)hypothalamus
C)thalamus
D)pons

Question 45

A patient who is diagnosed as having a proprioceptive disorder might complain of which of the following symptoms?

A)"I have no sense of consciousness."
B)"I feel pain in my amputated arm."
C)"I don't recognize where I am when I leave my house."
D)"I can't find parts of my body when the lights are off."

Question 46

Discuss the characteristics of the olfactory system that make it unique among the sensory systems.

Question 47

If a person were to suffer an injury in the lower portion of their dorsal column,what would be the resulting condition?

A)intact pain and temperature sensations and intact touch and vibration sensation at or below the level of injury
B)intact pain and temperature sensations and impaired touch and vibration sensation at or below the level of injury
C)impaired pain and temperature sensations and intact touch and vibration sensation at or below the level of injury
D)impaired pain and temperature sensations and impaired touch and vibration sensation at or below the level of injury

Question 48

Whisker is to mechanical receptor as ____ is to ____.

A)taste bud; chemoreceptor
B)sustentacular cell; nocioceptor
C)hair follicle; proprioceptor
D)ear; classical music

Question 49

What condition is best described as a "remapping" of healthy neurons onto a brain area no longer served by the body?

A)synthesthesia
B)astereognosis
C)phantom limb sensation
D)taste receptor replacement

Question 50

Which of the following is not characteristic of agnosias?

A)They occur in every sensory domain.
B)They may apply to the recognition of people or objects.
C)They include astereognosis in the tactile modality.
D)They are caused by a primary sensory debilitation.

Question 51

Taste and smell are often considered together because:

A)the brain areas for taste and smell are contiguous.
B)neither are predictive of clinically significant neuropsychological disorders.
C)they share the same cranial nerve.
D)both rely on chemoreception and are interdependedent.

Question 52

Agnosia is an "absence of knowing" that can occur in which of the following domains?

A)vision
B)olfaction
C)audition
D)all of these

Question 53

Although both are somatosensory disorders,how do proprioception disorders differ from tactile agnosias?

Question 54

An elderly man presents to your clinic with his family.They are frustrated because he is often able to perform certain tasks spontaneously,such as putting on his shoes or standing up from his bed,but when asked to do them he typically cannot.The family tells you that he has been diagnosed with apraxia.You believe that the diagnosis is:

A)wrong,because in apraxia there is little variability in motor ability from day to day.
B)wrong,because apraxia is rarely seen in the elderly.
C)correct,because in apraxia there is often discrepancy between behaviors that can be performed spontaneously and those that can be performed voluntarily.
D)correct,because apraxia patients are typically oppositional and stubborn.

Question 55

The ____ system is organized topographically,takes place primarily in anterior brain regions,and is conceptualized by top-down processing.

A)sensory
B)sensorimotor
C)motor
D)corticothalamic

Question 56

The uniqueness of olfactory system is that:

A)its neurons continue to reproduce and replace themselves even in adulthood.
B)the sensory receptors of olfactory nerve system synapse with dendrites of neurons.
C)there is no recognizable acuity difference within gender.
D)olfactory system is least likely to be affected by aging,health,and brain injury.

Question 57

During a neurologic examination Dr.M asks Joe to close his eyes and puts a dime in his left hand.Joe is asked to identify it only by touch.Joe can't.Then the doctor asks Joe to take that object with his right hand and asks him again.Joe still can't come up with a response.When testing tactile sensation with a wisp of cotton on Joe's fingers and hands,sensation appears to be normal.When Joe opened his eyes he said: "Oh! A dime!" This patient probably suffers from:

A)visual agnosia.
B)cutaneous numbness.
C)mind blindness.
D)astereognosis.

Question 58

Which of the following is most specifically mapped on the brain (i.e.,has the most specific structure-function correspondence)?

A)primary somatosensory information
B)words
C)declarative memory
D)procedural memory

Question 59

While walking past the school cafeteria,you pick up on the scent of apples baking,and you suddenly feel happy.Later you remember that your grandmother used to always bake apple pie on holidays.What explanation would a neuropsychologist give for the emotional response you experienced?

A)The olfactory fibers are myelinated,so the sensory input is processed immediately and associated memories are activated.
B)The smell of food (a basic need)always provokes a positive emotional response.
C)Olfactory input projects first to the limbic system and the hippocampus.
D)Baked apples are an example of "umami," which triggers the release of pleasure - inducing substances in the brain.

Question 60

Explain phantom limb pain and under what circumstances it is known to occur.

Question 61

Describe and give clinical examples of two types of somatosensory dysfunctions and identify their associated damaged brain regions.

Question 62

Although the etiology of Tourette's Syndrome remains unclear,evaluate how the symptoms of uncontrollable motor movements may be associated with the primary versus secondary motor cortex.