Deck 1: A History of Neuropsychology

Question 1

____________________ pioneered the anatomical theater,a sort of performance dissection.

Answer 1

Vesalius

Question 2

A(n)____________________ is a researcher who studies the molecular nature of the nervous system.

Answer 2

neuroscientist

Question 3

Brain cells are also termed ____________________.

Answer 3

neurons

Question 4

Anatomical theater is where actors portray various functions of the central nervous system.

Question 5

The "Organ of the Soul" is connected to your inner ear.

Question 6

Walter Freeman was instrumental in the proliferation of the surgical technique known as ____________________.

Question 7

Trephination may have been performed in ancient times as a magical form of healing.

Question 8

Leonardo da Vinci originally made a precise sketch of the cerebral ventricles,which has uncanny similarity to photographs of the modern age.

Question 9

Lashley emphasized the ____________________ of brain tissue such that each part of the brain participated in more than one function.

Question 10

The first scientific case report that supported the localizationist perspective was presented by Franz Gall.

Question 11

A psychologist who studies the relationship between brain functions and behavior is better known as a(n)____________________.

Question 12

Gall's theory attempted to describe differences in personality traits by measuring the size of ____________________.

Question 13

Pierre Marie challenged Broca's findings after he examined "Tan's" brain and found ____________________ damage.

Question 14

The first neuropsychology laboratory was founded by ____________________ at the University of Chicago.

Question 15

A strict split between mental processes and physical abilities with mental processes being localized in the pineal gland was proposed by ____________________ in the 17th century.

Question 16

Hippocrates recognized that epilepsy was a medical problem.

Question 17

Wernicke localized comprehension of speech to the temporal lobe.

Question 18

Broca's landmark contribution to science was his work understanding the origins of anosognosia.

Question 19

According to Galen,the four humors were: blood,black bile,yellow bile and saliva.

Question 20

Neuropsychology can be defined as the study of brain/behavior relationships.

Question 21

The first awareness of specific brain-behavior relationships surfaced with the:

A)German philosophers.
B)localizationists.
C)Ancient Peruvian surgeons.
D)Classical Greek philosophers.

Question 22

The concept that any given area of the brain can be involved in relatively few or relatively many behaviors is known as:

A)equipotentiality.
B)localization.
C)pluripotentiality.
D)parallel distributed processing.

Question 23

Prior to developing his theory of psychoanalysis,Sigmund Freud was:

A)a neuroscientist.
B)a shoe salesman.
C)a psychologist.
D)a neurologist.

Question 24

Much of Jackson's alternative theory of brain function stemmed from his work with which neurological disorder?

A)multiple sclerosis
B)epilepsy
C)Alzheimer's disease
D)Parkinson's disease

Question 25

Paul Broca is most famous for:

A)localizing expressive speech.
B)localizing receptive speech.
C)determining a circuit for all aspects of speech.
D)discovering a new neuroanatomical structure.

Question 26

According to Rene Descartes,mental processes originated from the:

A)pineal gland.
B)cerebral ventricles.
C)heart.
D)pituitary gland.

Question 27

The last three decades have been characterized by what developments in the field of neuropsychology?

A)formation of professional organizations for neuropsychologists
B)founding of many different journals in the field of neuropsychology
C)increase in the recognition of neuropsychology as a field of psychology
D)all of these

Question 28

The ventricular localization hypothesis:

A)suggested that the ventricles represent the location of spiritual and mental events.
B)was originally put forth by Leonardo da Vinci.
C)suggested that cerebrospinal fluid is produced primarily in the lateral ventricles.
D)was an accurate representation of ventricular functioning that later became known as the cell doctrine.

Question 29

Who was the first person to realize that the brain served lateralizing functions?

A)Hippocrates
B)Andreas Vesalius
C)George Washington
D)Aristotle

Question 30

The foundation of modern neuropsychology was heavily influenced by all of the following fields except:

A)applied psychological evaluation.
B)behavioral neurology.
C)behavioral neuroscience.
D)psychiatry.

Question 31

Ward Halstead is attributed with:

A)founding the first neuropsychology laboratory.
B)development of an objective means of assessing brain function.
C)development of the Halstead-Reitan Neuropsychological Test Battery.
D)all of these

Question 32

The third unit of Luria's model described the ____,which is/are involved in planning and executing behavior.

A)brain stem
B)limbic system
C)frontal and prefrontal lobes
D)hippocampus and parahippocampal gyrus

Question 33

The early history of neuropsychology was shaped by which two principles?

A)materialism and phrenology
B)localization and equipotentiation
C)vitalism and materialism
D)holism and vitalism

Question 34

Alexander Luria's work supports the theory of:

A)localization.
B)equipotentiality.
C)pluripotentiality.
D)materialism.

Question 35

Franz Gall formulated the basis of what theory?

A)pluripotentiality
B)equipotentiatility
C)objective neuropsychological measurement
D)localization

Question 36

Pierre Flourens utilized ____ as a method of investigation into brain function.

A)the case study
B)the lobotomy
C)electroconvulsive shock
D)the ablation experiment

Question 37

Following Spurzheim's lectures in the nineteenth century,phrenology in the United States was:

A)immediately detected as a farce.
B)of little interest to American scientists.
C)popular.
D)Phrenology was never introduced to the United States.

Question 38

Karl Lashley believed that:

A)each part of the brain has more than one function.
B)each part of the brain has exactly three functions.
C)each part of the brain has one function.
D)over half of neuroanatomical structures have no functions.

Question 39

According to Alexander Luria,following brain trauma,what is likely to occur?

A)Neurons will continue to die and the individual will become more impaired.
B)An alternative functional system may be able to compensate for some or all of the impairment.
C)The entire functional system,which included the damaged tissue,will fail.
D)New neurons will grow.

Question 40

Alexander Luria developed a theory of three functional units,composed of:

A)the brain stem,spinal cord,and frontal lobes.
B)the brain stem,posterior areas of the cortex,and frontal lobes.
C)the spinal cord,frontal lobes,and corpus striatum.
D)the frontal lobes,prefrontal lobes,and Broca's area.