Deck 6: Defining and Measuring Concepts

Question 1

The level of quality is measured by reliability and validity.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Observational terms are terms which lend themselves to easy and confident verification.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Reification is the process by which we describe and ascribe meaning to the key facts,concepts,or phenomena that we are investigating.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

Constructs are abstractions that cannot be observed directly but can be defined based upon that which is observable.

Question 5

Conceptualization involves writing out in-depth,elaborate definitions of key concepts.

Question 6

Conceptualization works by identifying specific indicators.

Question 7

It is important that we make the process of coming up with indicators arbitrary and casual.

Question 8

Interval level variables are not particularly common in social science research.

Question 9

The measurement process generally involves going from a more general focus to a narrower.

Question 10

Empirical research should be made based on full knowledge not only of how the research was designed,but also of how its concepts were defined and measured.

Question 11

Just because definitions for abstract concepts exist does not mean that the concept is tangible or concrete.

Question 12

Indirect observables are things that we can see with the naked eye simply by looking at them.

Question 13

Multiple elements that make up a single concept are known as indicators.

Question 14

At the ratio level of measurement,variable attributes only meet the criteria of exhaustiveness and mutual exclusivity.

Question 15

An index is a type of measure that contains a single indicator and is used to summarize a specific concept.

Question 16

A typology is a way of categorizing concepts according to particular themes.

Question 17

Ordinal level of measurement is the most basic level of measurement.

Question 18

Conceptualization involves identifying the specific research procedures we will use to gather data about our concepts.

Question 19

Assuming that abstract concepts exist in some concrete,tangible way is known as measurement.

Question 20

Reliability is about consistency,validity is about shared understanding.

Question 21

_____ exists when the same measure,applied consistently to the same person,yields the same result each time.

A)Reliability
B)Validity
C)Complexity
D)Variability
E)Accessibility

Question 22

If one is to study femininity during the process of operationalization,one of the social roles might include women to be a homemaker or a mother.This social role is an example of a(n)_____.

A)indirect observable
B)construct
C)indicator
D)reification concept
E)typology

Question 23

Which of the following is the simplest to measure in social science?

A)An observation term
B)An indirect observable
C)A construct
D)An open ended question
E)A dimension

Question 24

A construct differs from indirect observables in that the construct:

A)is "not observational either directly or indirectly" but can be defined based on observables.
B)calls for relatively more subtle,complex,or indirect observations,in which inferences play an acknowledged part.
C)is the sort of thing that we can see with the naked eye.
D)is the term that lends itself to easy and confident verification.
E)is exclusively used for measuring concepts.

Question 25

Operationalization works by identifying specific _____ that will be taken to represent the ideas that we are interested in studying.

A)concepts
B)indicators
C)information
D)samples
E)operations

Question 26

Which of the following is the easiest for confident verification?

A)Reification terms
B)Open ended questions
C)Constructs
D)Indirect observables
E)Observational terms

Question 27

Terms whose application calls for subtle or complex observations,in which inferences play an acknowledged part,are known as _____.

A)constructs
B)indirect observables
C)observation terms
D)reification
E)dimensions

Question 28

Which step in the measurement process precedes operationalization?

A)Identification of key concepts
B)Interest generation
C)Conceptualization
D)Data collection
E)Sampling

Question 29

_____ is the process of defining key terms.

A)Social positioning
B)Typology
C)Reification
D)Conceptualization
E)Operationalization

Question 30

Things that we can see with the naked eye simply by looking at them are known as_____.

A)constructs
B)indirect observables
C)observation terms
D)reification concepts
E)dimensions

Question 31

.Mark,a teenager,believes that the concept of justice does exit in a concrete manner.Mark's assumption is an example of _____.

A)classification
B)attribution
C)construction
D)variability
E)reification

Question 32

______ are abstractions that cannot be observed directly but that can be defined based upon that which is observable.

A)Observation terms
B)Indirect observables
C)Constructs
D)Reification concepts
E)Dimensions

Question 33

Which of the following is the last stage of the measurement process?

A)General interest
B)Key concepts
C)Conceptualization
D)Inception
E)Operationalization

Question 34

What is measurement?

A)It is the process by which we describe and ascribe meaning to the key facts,concepts,or phenomena that we are investigating.
B)It is the assumption that no relationship exists between variables in question.
C)In social science,this refers to the rule that a cause must precede an effect in time.
D)It is the idea that one event,behavior,or belief will result in the occurrence of another,subsequent event,behavior,or belief.
E)It is a person's place in society,generally determined by a combination of aspects of a person's identity such as race,ethnicity,gender,sexuality,and social class status.

Question 35

Steve wants to study the relationship status of his classmates.He does so by asking his classmates whether they are single or not.Which level of measurement is Steve using?

A)Ordinal level
B)Nominal level
C)Interval level
D)Ratio level
E)Index level

Question 36

The process by which we spell out precisely how a concept will be measured is known as _____.

A)micro-to-macro environmentlization
B)abstraction
C)reification
D)conceptualization
E)operationalization

Question 37

Your birthplace is an example of a(n)_____.

A)construct
B)observation term
C)reification concept
D)indirect observable
E)dimension

Question 38

Empirical observations taken to represent the ideas that we are interested in studying are known as _____.

A)dimensions
B)observations
C)concepts
D)indicators
E)indirect observables

Question 39

The multiple elements of a single concept are known as _____.

A)constructs
B)observation terms
C)reification concepts
D)indirect observables
E)dimensions

Question 40

Assuming that our abstract concepts exist in some concrete,tangible way is known as _____.

A)typology
B)observation
C)reification
D)conceptualization
E)operationalization

Question 41

At its core,_____ is about social agreement.

A)complexity
B)reliability
C)variability
D)accessibility
E)validity

Question 42

What are observational terms and indirect observables?

Question 43

______ is a way of categorizing concepts according to particular themes.

A)Typology
B)Index
C)Dimension
D)Ratio
E)Construct

Question 44

A(n)______ is a type of measure that contains several indicators and is used to summarize general concepts.

A)typology
B)index
C)dimension
D)ratio
E)construct

Question 45

List the steps followed in a typical measurement process.

Question 46

In the _____ of measurement,variable attributes meet the criteria of exhaustiveness and mutual exclusivity,can be rank ordered,the distance between attributes is known to be equal,and attributes have a true zero point.

A)ordinal level
B)interval level
C)nominal level
D)ratio level
E)index level

Question 47

Attributes at the _____ level meet the criteria of exhaustiveness and mutual exclusivity and can be ranked in a sequence.However,the distance between the attributes are not equal and don't have a true zero point.

A)ordinal level
B)interval level
C)nominal level
D)ratio level
E)index level

Question 48

The ratio level of measure varies from the interval level of measure in that the ratio level of measure:

A)has attributes that can be rank ordered.
B)has attributes that cannot be rank ordered.
C)has attributes that can be mathematically quantified.
D)has attributes that are affected by reification.
E)has attributes that have a true zero point.

Question 49

The characteristics that make up a variable are called _____

A)constants
B)attributes
C)indicators
D)dimensions
E)constructs

Question 50

What is reliability and validity with respect to measurement quality?

Question 51

Write a brief note on indicators and give suitable examples.

Question 52

Define measurement.

Question 53

______ exists when there is a shared understanding of the meaning of whatever concept is being measured.

A)Complexity
B)Reliability
C)Variability
D)Validity
E)Accessibility

Question 54

Social class,degree of support for policy initiatives,television program rankings,and prejudice are examples of the _____ of measurement.

A)ratio level
B)ordinal level
C)nominal level
D)interval level
E)index level

Question 55

A grouping of several characteristics is referred to as a(n)_____.

A)variable
B)index
C)indicator
D)dimension
E)construct

Question 56

The ______of measure cannot be mathematically quantified.

A)nominal level
B)ordinal level
C)interval level
D)primal level
E)ratio level

Question 57

Which of the following is the only unique feature of nominal level?

A)All the attributes have a true zero point.
B)The distance between each attribute is of equal measure and is distinct in nature.
C)The variable attributes meet the criteria of exhaustiveness and mutual exclusivity.
D)The attributes can be rank ordered.
E)It is the most complex level of measurement.

Question 58

At the _____ of measurement,variable attributes meet the criteria of exhaustiveness and mutual exclusivity,can be rank ordered,and the distance between attributes is known to be equal.

A)ordinal level
B)nominal level
C)primal level
D)interval level
E)index level

Question 59

The most basic level of measurement is the _____.

A)ordinal level
B)interval level
C)nominal level
D)ratio level
E)index level

Question 60

At the _____ of measurement,variable attributes meet the criteria of exhaustiveness and mutual exclusivity.

A)ordinal level
B)interval level
C)nominal level
D)ratio level
E)index level

Question 61

Operationalization works by identifying specific ______.

Question 62

What is conceptualization?

Question 63

What is reification?

Question 64

______ is the process by which we spell out precisely how a concept will be measured.

Question 65

______ exists when there is a shared understanding of the meaning of whatever concept is being measured.

Question 66

In terms of social scientific measurement,concepts can be said to have _____when there are multiple elements that make up a single concept.

Question 67

What is an index?

Question 68

A(n)______ is the notion or image that we conjure up when we think of some cluster of related observations or ideas.

Question 69

Describe how operationalization works.

Question 70

Explain the term concept with an example.