Deck 12: Other Methods of Data Collection Analysis

Question 1

Interviews are typically more dynamic than focus groups.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

Focus groups are popular among applied researchers.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Ethnomethodologists take interest in investigating how people construct,prolong,and maintain their realities.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

The term ethnomethodology was coined by sociologist Peter Drucker.

Question 5

Ethnomethodology grew out of conversation analysis.

Question 6

Problems of external validity might arise when the conditions of an experiment don't adequately represent those of the world outside the boundaries of the experiment.

Question 7

Many applied researchers rely on experiments to assess the impact and effectiveness of various programs and policies.

Question 8

Time,other resources such as funding,and even one's topic may limit a researcher's ability to conduct a true experiment.

Question 9

Focus groups are designed to elicit group interaction.

Question 10

The post-test only control group is considered a "true" experimental design.

Question 11

Experiments are generally easier to replicate than other methods of data collection.

Question 12

In cases where the administration of the stimulus is quite costly or otherwise not possible,a one-group pre/post test design might be used.

Question 13

Focus group dynamics are shaped by multiple social contexts.

Question 14

One-shot case study design implies that pre and post tests are both taken,and the control group is absent.

Question 15

Ethnomethodology and conversation analysis represent unique approaches to analyzing qualitative data.

Question 16

Static group comparisons are useful in cases where a researcher can control or predict whether,when,or how the stimulus is administered.

Question 17

In focus groups the researcher may play a more active role than in a one-on-one interview.

Question 18

As the focus group gets rolling,moderators will play a more active role than in a one-on-one interview.

Question 19

Focus groups tend to be quantitative rather than qualitative.

Question 20

The group of participants who receive the stimulus in an experiment is referred to as the control group.

Question 21

Which of the following is a strength of focus groups?

A)It is the least expensive method.
B)It is less time consuming that survey research.
C)There is no issue of any minority of participants dominating the entire group.
D)It takes the least planning than other qualitative methods of data collection such as one-on-one interviews.
E)It is useful for studying social processes.

Question 22

Which of the following contains no pretest and no control group?

A)One-group pre-/post test
B)One-shot case study
C)Static group comparison
D)Solomon four-group design
E)Classic experiment

Question 23

_____ are planned discussions designed to elicit team interaction and "obtain perceptions on a defined area of interest in a permissive,nonthreatening environment."

A)Surveys
B)Focus groups
C)One-on-one interviews
D)Psychometric tests
E)Questionnaires

Question 24

Kevin Jackson is an oceanologist who has decided to conduct a study on the impact of the 2004 tsunami in India.He travels to India and decides to conduct a preexperiment by identifying an experimental group from within the Indian community that had experienced the tsunami and then a control group from the same community that had not been hit by the tsunami.What kind of study design has Kevin undertaken?

A)Static group comparison
B)One-group pre test
C)One-shot case study
D)One-group post test
E)Post-test only control group

Question 25

Which of the following is true of focus groups?

A)They tend to be qualitative rather than quantitative.
B)They are less dynamic than interviews.
C)They need the least amount of planning than other qualitative methods of data collection such as one-on-one interviews.
D)They yield no other data except for the participant's direct responses.
E)A focus group is an inappropriate method for researchers who wish to gather in-depth information about social processes.

Question 26

Which of the following is a way to moderate focus groups?

A)Encouraging few participants to dominate the conversation
B)Providing ground rules at the end of the discussion
C)Encouraging participants to have side conversations during the discussions
D)Encouraging participants to speak simultaneously at a time during the discussions
E)Reminding participants that they all have been invited to participate so they all need to be heard

Question 27

Researchers using the _____ design must be extremely cautious about making claims regarding the effect of the stimulus though the design could be useful for exploratory studies aimed at testing one's measures or the feasibility of further study.

A)one-group pre-test
B)one-shot case study
C)Solomon four-group
D)static group comparison
E)classic experiment

Question 28

What are control groups?

A)They are the groups of participants who receive the stimulus in an experiment.
B)They are the groups of participants who alter their behaviors when they know they are being studied.
C)They are the groups of participants who do not receive the stimulus in an experiment.
D)They are the groups of people who act as spectators in the experiment.
E)They are the groups of people who conduct the experiment.

Question 29

Which of the following is true of the posttest only control group?

A)It is a pre-experimental design.
B)In this design,assignment to either an experimental or a control group occurs.
C)It consists of a pretest group.
D)Individuals are measured on some independent variable following the administration of a stimulus to the control group.
E)Control and experimental groups are absent in this design.

Question 30

What are experimental groups?

A)They are the groups of people who conduct the experiment.
B)They are the groups of people who act as spectators in the experiment.
C)They are the groups of people who make observations with respect to the study and report it to the researcher.
D)They are the groups of people who fund the study.
E)They are the groups of participants who receive the stimulus in an experiment.

Question 31

Which of the following contains post-test,experimental groups,and control groups but no pre-test?

A)One-shot case study
B)One-group pre/posttest
C)Solomon four-group design
D)Classic experiment
E)Static group comparison

Question 32

_____ refer to the experimental designs used when random assignment of participants into experimental and control groups is not feasible.

A)Solomon four-group designs
B)"True" experiments
C)Randomized experiments
D)Classical experimental designs
E)Preexperimental designs

Question 33

Which of the following is a type of preexperimental design?

A)Post-test only control group
B)Classic experiment
C)Solmon four-group design
D)Pre-test/Post-test control group design
E)Static group comparison design

Question 34

What is the aim of the researcher while conducting focus groups?

A)To discourage group interaction
B)To pretend to be a participant and get involved in the group discussions,by hiding his true identity
C)To get participants talking to each other and to observe interactions among participants
D)To promise that confidentiality will be maintained on his part
E)To play a more active role in focus groups than in a one-on-one interview

Question 35

What is the difference between focus groups and interviews?

A)Interviews are typically more dynamic than focus groups.
B)In the case of one-on-one interviews,the researcher may play a less active role than in focus groups.
C)Focus groups need the least amount of planning compared to the other qualitative methods of data collection such as one-on-one interviews.
D)In focus groups there is a concern that one or two participants might dominate the group,but this is not the case in one-on-one interviews.
E)Group dynamics are emphasized in one-on-one interviews,but not in focus groups.

Question 36

Which of the following is true of static group comparison?

A)It is useful in cases where a researcher can control or predict whether,when,or how the stimulus is administered.
B)It includes experimental groups that were determined by random assignment.
C)It includes experimental and control groups determined by factors other than random assignment.
D)It excludes the comparison control group that did not experience the stimulus.
E)It includes control groups that were determined by random assignment.

Question 37

Which of the following is considered to fall within the purview of "true" experiments?

A)One-shot case study design
B)Static group comparison design
C)One-group pre-test design
D)Post-test only control group design
E)One-group post-test design

Question 38

Which of the following is a weakness of focus groups?

A)More time consuming than one-on-one interviews to gather data from the same number of people
B)Relatively expensive when compared to in-depth interviews
C)Yields vague,incomplete data
D)Yields no other data apart from the participant's direct responses
E)No observations are made regarding the body language and group interactions between the participants

Question 39

A(n)_____ is an experiment in which pre- and posttests are both taken but there is no control group.

A)static group comparison
B)one-shot case study
C)one-group pre/post test
D)classic experiment
E)Solomon four-group design

Question 40

One-shot case study designs are used in cases where the:

A)effects of an independent variable are tested on a dependent variable.
B)administration of the stimulus is quite costly or otherwise not possible.
C)researcher cannot control or predict whether,when,or how the stimulus is administered,as in the case of natural disasters.
D)administration of the stimulus is reasonable.
E)individuals are measured on some dependent variable following the administration of the stimulus to the experimental group.

Question 41

Define ethnomethodology and describe its purpose.

Question 42

_____ refers to the extent to which the conditions of an experiment adequately represent those of the world outside the boundaries of the experiment.

A)External validity
B)Statistical conclusion validity
C)Conversation analysis
D)Ethnomethodology
E)Internal validity

Question 43

Who coined the term ethnomethodology?

A)Adam Franz Kollár
B)Magnus Hundt
C)Harold Garfinkel
D)Max Weber
E)Peter Drucker

Question 44

Conversation analysis grew out of _____.

A)ecology
B)economy
C)epistemology
D)ergonomics
E)ethnomethodology

Question 45

Define and describe conversation analysis.

Question 46

Which of the following is a weakness of experimental research?

A)Experiments conducted in a lab setting are difficult to replicate than other methods of data collection.
B)In experiments conducted in the lab settings,the researcher has no control over the conditions to which participants are subjected to.
C)Experiments that are conducted in applied settings are subject to artificiality.
D)Reliability is a problem with respect to experimental research.
E)Problems of external validity might arise when the conditions of an experiment don't adequately represent those of the world outside the boundaries of the experiment.

Question 47

Distinguish "true" experiments from pre-experimental designs.

Question 48

_____ refers to the extent to which the researcher can be confident that an experiment's stimulus actually produced the observed effect or whether something else caused the effect.

A)Ethnomethodology
B)Internal validity
C)External validity
D)Conversation analysis
E)Statistical conclusion validity

Question 49

Which of the following is true of conversation analysis?

A)It refers to the extent to which the conditions of an experiment adequately represent those of the world outside the boundaries of the experiment.
B)It is a unique approach to analyze quantitative data.
C)It refers to the extent to which the researcher can be confident that an experiment's stimulus actually produced the observed effect or whether something else caused the effect.
D)It focuses on the construction of reality as opposed to the discovery of reality.
E)Ethnomethodology grew out of conversation analysis.

Question 50

Define experimental groups and control groups.

Question 51

Which of the following refers to the study of everyday reality?

A)Ethnomethodology
B)Ecology
C)Economics
D)Epistemology
E)Ergonomics

Question 52

Which of the following is a strength of experimental research?

A)Experiments are as realistic as the real world settings.
B)There are no issues regarding the occurrence of external validity problems.
C)In experiments conducted in the lab settings,the researcher has lots of control over the conditions to which participants are subjected to.
D)Experiments that are conducted in applied settings are seldom subject to temporality.
E)There are no issues regarding the occurrence of internal validity problems.

Question 53

Identify the major considerations in focus group composition.

Question 54

Define focus groups and outline how they differ from one-on-one interviews.

Question 55

Discuss how to moderate focus groups.

Question 56

_____ take interest in investigating how people construct,prolong,and maintain their realities.

A)Ecologists
B)Epistemologists
C)Ergonomist
D)Economists
E)Ethnomethodologists

Question 57

Define internal and external validity.

Question 58

Name the key strengths and weaknesses of experiments.

Question 59

Which of the following is the most distinctive characteristic of ethnomethodology?

A)It measures the extent to which the conditions of an experiment adequately represent those of the world outside the boundaries of the experiment.
B)It emphasizes on the everyday,ordinary people's methods for producing order in their social worlds.
C)It measures the extent to which the researcher can be confident that an experiment's stimulus actually produced the observed effect or whether something else caused the effect.
D)It emphasizes on the planned discussions designed to elicit group interaction and "obtain perceptions on a defined area of interest in a permissive,nonthreatening environment."
E)It is a method of data collection that is designed to test hypotheses under controlled conditions.

Question 60

Identify the strengths and weaknesses of focus group methodology.

Question 61

_____ are designed to elicit group interaction and "obtain perceptions on a defined area of interest in a permissive,nonthreatening environment."

Question 62

_____ refers to the group of participants who do not receive the stimulus in an experiment.

Question 63

_____ refers to the extent to which the conditions of an experiment adequately represent those of the world outside the boundaries of the experiment.

Question 64

The study of talk including how talk progresses,how it is facilitated,and how it may be impeded is known as _____.

Question 65

_____ is the study of how people construct and sustain their realities through conversation and gestures.