Deck 14: Health and Medicine

Question 1

Smoking is considered a preventable lifestyle health hazard.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Which of the following groups of countries has the highest life expectancy at birth?

A) High-income countries
B) Low-income countries
C) Lower-middle income countries
D) Middle-income countries
E) Upper-middle income countries

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Age is the single best predictor of illness and death.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Which of the following is the most common cause of deaths of children under 5 years old in lower-income countries?

A) chronic malnutrition
B) obesity
C) passive smoking
D) malaria
E) respiratory infections

Question 5

In Parsons' model, sick people are responsible for their condition and have no legitimate reasons for not performing their usual social roles.

Question 6

Acute diseases develop gradually or are present from birth.

Question 7

High-income populations have high infant mortality rates.

Question 8

From a functionalist perspective, the sick role is legitimate if it's short-lived.

Question 9

Women are more likely than men to be victims of homicide.

Question 10

Disability rates are higher for women than men.

Question 11

_____ examines how societal factors affect the distribution of disease within a population.

A) Social epidemiology
B) Social gerontology
C) Social topology
D) Social cryptology
E) Social scientology

Question 12

Medicaid covers the health insurance for undocumented immigrants.

Question 13

United States spends far more per capita on medicines than other developed countries.

Question 14

Which of the following statements is true about health disparities between high- and low-income populations?

A) High-income populations have lower infant mortality rates than low-income populations.
B) High-income populations have lower incidence of diabetes than low-income populations.
C) High-income populations spend lesser on health care than low-income populations.
D) Low-income populations have longer life spans than high-income populations.
E) Low-income populations have higher incidence of heart disease than high-income populations.

Question 15

Functionalists argue that the medical system is often driven by a profit motive rather than a concern for people's well-being.

Question 16

According to conflict theorists, illness and disease are socially constructed.

Question 17

Both feminist and conflict theorists emphasize the connection between health and inequality.

Question 18

Men are more likely than women to be taking antidepressant medications.

Question 19

Which of the following is true of the high-income population when compared with the low-income population?

A) They have shorter insurance plans.
B) They have higher incidences of stillbirth.
C) They spend lesser on health care.
D) They have lower rates of diabetes.
E) They have longer life spans.

Question 20

In late 2013, Latinos were the most likely to have health insurance.

Question 21

Which of the following is the most debilitating form of dementia?

A) Persecutory delusion
B) Catatonic schizophrenia
C) Parkinson's disease
D) Cotard delusion
E) Alzheimer's disease

Question 22

Which of the following is the most common mental health problem among adolescents?

A) Depression
B) Parasomnia
C) Panic disorder
D) Manic episode
E) Down syndrome

Question 23

Which of the following is an example of an acute disease?

A) High blood pressure
B) Asthma
C) Dementia
D) Chicken pox
E) Diabetes

Question 24

Which of the following statements is true in the context of chronic diseases?

A) Chickenpox is an example of a chronic disease.
B) Chronic diseases strike suddenly.
C) Chronic diseases disappear rapidly.
D) Chronic diseases are long-term illnesses.
E) Chronic diseases disappear after age 65.

Question 25

Which of the following ethnic groups has the highest life expectancy rates?

A)
Latinos
B) Asian Americans
C) African Americans
D) Native Americans
E) Indian Americans

Question 26

One of the top three preventable lifestyle health hazards is _____.

A)
Anorexia
B) dehydration
C) obesity
D) malnutrition
E) epidemic diseases

Question 27

One of the top three preventable health hazards is _____.

A) dehydration
B) chronic malnutrition
C) Parkinson's disease
D) substance abuse
E) epidemic diseases

Question 28

Which of the following is a difference between chronic and acute diseases?

A)
Unlike acute diseases, chronic diseases decrease as people age.
B) Unlike acute diseases, chronic diseases can cause death and incapacitation.
C) Unlike chronic diseases, acute diseases are present at birth.
D) Unlike chronic diseases, acute diseases are lifelong illnesses.
E) Unlike chronic diseases, acute diseases strike suddenly and disappear rapidly.

Question 29

Which of the following is one of the top three preventable lifestyle health hazards?

A) Smoking
B) Epidemic diseases
C) Vitamin deficiency
D) Dehydration
E) Purging

Question 30

Which of the following statements is true in the context of illicit drug use in the United States?

A) It is the nation's leading lifestyle related and preventable cause of death.
B) It is reported in less than one percent of Americans.
C) It is least common among people aged between 18 and 25 years.
D) It is more common among women than men.
E) It is least common among Asian Americans.

Question 31

Which of the following is true about the incidence of suicide in the United States?

A) Men are about ten times more likely than women to die by suicide.
B) The majority of men who die by suicide are in the age group of 35 to 50 years.
C) Among high school students, females are twice as likely as males to attempt suicide.
D) Nationally, women are about four times more likely than men to die by suicide.
E) Among high school students, males are four times as likely as females to attempt suicide.

Question 32

Which of the following is a consequence of the overuse of antibiotics?

A) Increased levels of endorphins
B) Increased resistance in bacteria
C) Decreased mortality rates
D) Decreased health care costs
E) Increased immunity

Question 33

Which of the following is the leading cause of disease outbreaks from contaminated food?

A) Torovirus
B) Cosavirus
C) Coronavirus
D) Norovirus
E) Herpes virus

Question 34

_____ have the lowest infant mortality rate in the United States.

A)
Native Americans
B) Asian Americans
C) Italian Americans
D) African Americans
E) Latinos

Question 35

_____ have the highest infant mortality rate in the United States.

A) Native Americans
B) Thai Americans
C) Italian Americans
D) African Americans
E) Asian Americans

Question 36

Which of the following is true of illicit drug use?

A) It is most common among people aged 45 and over.
B) It is more common among preschoolers than sophomores.
C) It is prevalent among more than 30 percent of Americans.
D) It is more common among men than women.
E) It is least common among people aged 18 to 25 years.

Question 37

Which of the following is the most commonly used illicit drug in the United States?

A)
Mescaline
B) Marijuana
C) Cocaine
D) Heroin
E) Ecstasy

Question 38

Which of the following statements is true of a given disability?

A) Disability increases with increase in age.
B) Disability rates are lower for the poor.
C) Disability rates are higher for men than women.
D) Disability rates are highest for African Americans.
E) Disability is most common among individuals aged between 18 and 25 years.

Question 39

Which of the following statements is true of the impact of social class on adult health?

A) The lower the family income, the greater the likelihood of adults experiencing two or more chronic diseases.
B) The lower the family income, the lesser the likelihood of smoking among adults.
C) The lower the family income, the lesser the mortality rate.
D) The lower the family income, the lesser the likelihood of occupational injuries.
E) The lower the family income, the greater the access to health care services.

Question 40

_____ is a progressive, degenerative disorder that attacks the brain and impairs memory, thinking, and behavior.

A)
Alzheimer's disease
B) Bulimia nervosa
C) Anxiety disorder
D) Depression
E) Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

Question 41

According to the _____ perspective, men control women's health.

A)
Functionalist
B) fundamentalist
C) feminist
D) constructivist
E) symbolic interactionist

Question 42

_____ refers to an overindulgence in and dependence on a drug or other chemical that harms a person's physical and mental health.

A)
Substance abuse
B) Adaptive thermogenesis
C) Acculturation
D) Homeostasis
E) Dementia

Question 43

About 66 percent of Americans have health coverage through:

A)
The government.
B) inheritance.
C) private insurance.
D) religious institutions.
E) local community groups.

Question 44

Jana believes that health care facilities and medicines are very important for a society's well-being and sustenance.According to her, individuals need to take care of themselves so that they will be able to perform their social duties.Jana often says that people who are ill must seek the required professional help so that they are back to performing their roles quickly.Jana's beliefs represent the _____ perspective.

A) Marxist
B) symbolic interactionist
C) feminist
D) functionalist
E) conflict

Question 45

According to the _____ perspective, labeling people as ill increases their likelihood of being stigmatized.

A) conflict
B) cognitive
C) symbolic interactionist
D) functionalist
E) fundamentalist

Question 46

According to the _____ perspective, the medical establishment is a powerful social control agent.

A) constructivist
B) symbolic interactionist
C) functionalist
D) fundamentalist
E) conflict

Question 47

Which of the following arguments of conflict theorists is in contrast to those by functionalists?

A) The medical system reinforces social inequality.
B) The medical system is driven by a concern for people's well-being.
C) The medical system is devised against pharmaceutical lobbyists.
D) The medical system is driven by the need to invent new antibiotics.
E) The medical system is driven by the need to reduce drug prices.

Question 48

Which of the following views is consistent with the medical models?

A) An individual's lifestyle choices are the sources of most illnesses.
B) Illnesses are social rather than biological problems.
C) Illness and medicine are societal constructions.
D) An illness has specific features that a doctor can recognize.
E) All illnesses stem from preventable lifestyle choices.

Question 49

Identify an accurate statement about health insurance in the United States.

A)
Medicare is designed for people below the poverty line.
B) Individuals of all ages are eligible for Medicare.
C) Billionaires are not considered eligible for Medicare.
D) Medicaid provides medical care to people of all ages below the poverty line.
E) Medicaid pays most of the medical costs of Americans age 65 and over, regardless of income.

Question 50

Which of the following statements is true of health insurance in the United States?

A)
The majority of Americans get health insurance from the government.
B) More than 40 percent of Americans get their health insurance through Medicaid.
C) Medicare pays most of the medical costs of Americans age 65 and over, regardless of income.
D) Employer-based health insurance coverage has increased considerably over the last few years.
E) Medicaid provides medical care exclusively for people aged 45 years and over.

Question 51

According to the _____ perspective, an industry's drive for profit ignores people's health needs.

A)
Functionalist
B) fundamentalist
C) conflict
D) constructivist
E) symbolic interactionist

Question 52

The _____ is a network of business enterprises that influences medicine and health care.

A) medical-industrial complex
B) social-industrial complex
C) neo-business complex
D) post-medical complex
E) paramedical complex

Question 53

Which of the following countries spends the most on health care?

A)
The United States
B) India
C) China
D) Russia
E) The United Kingdom

Question 54

Parsons' model introduced the concept of the _____ which is a social role that excuses people from normal obligations because of illness.

A)
Gatekeeper role
B) sick role
C) symbolic role
D) institutional role
E) fundamental role

Question 55

Which of the following is a reason for the United States to spend more per capita on medicines than other developed countries?

A) Low availability of medicines
B) Low population growth rate
C) High prescription prices
D) Low disability rates
E) Fixing of drug prices by the government

Question 56

According to _____sick people not responsible for their condition and, therefore, have legitimate reasons for not performing their usual social roles.

A)
Gibbon's model
B) Ford's model
C) Beveridge's model
D) Parsons' model
E) Lynn's model

Question 57

According to the _____ perspective, medicalization has increased the power of medical associations, parents, and mental health advocates.

A)
Symbolic interactionist
B) fundamentalist
C) conflict
D) radical accelerationist
E) functionalist

Question 58

Philip argues that the medical system's main goal is to make profits and not to benefit people who need help.He says that medical care is not equally accessible to all individuals and that it benefits only certain groups of people.Philip's ideas represent the _____ perspective.

A) functionalist
B) conflict
C) symbolic interactionist
D) constructivist
E) sexist

Question 59

Identify a factor that has increased health care costs in the United States.

A)
Decrease in the number of chronic ailments
B) Decrease in the number of chronic ailments
C) Fixing of drug prices by the government
D) Increased benefits of Medicare
E) Low disability rates

Question 60

_____ believe that illness and disease are socially constructed.

A) Feminists
B) Symbolic interactionists
C) Conflict theorists
D) Functionalists
E) Fundamentalists

Question 61

Explain the common criticisms faced by conflict theorists.

Question 62

_____ is a process that defines a condition or behavior as an illness, disorder, or disease that requires professional treatment.

A) Medicalization
B) Normalization
C) De-regularization
D) Denaturation
E) Naturalization

Question 63

Which of the following is an assumption of medical models?

A)
Illness is anything that deviates from normal biological functioning.
B) Illness and medicine are social constructions that can change over time.
C) Most illnesses are a result of preventable lifestyle choices.
D) Illnesses stem from an individual's moral character.
E) All illnesses can be treated in the same way, regardless of the severity.

Question 64

What is meant by the social construction of illness?

Question 65

Explain how the advent of medical technology has increased health care costs.

Question 66

Explain drug-pricing in the United States.

Question 67

What is meant by medicalization? Provide examples to support your answer.

Question 68

Explain the consequences of excessive alcohol use.

Question 69

What are the two factors that epidemiologists consider while determining the reason for the longevity of a certain population?

Question 70

Explain Parsons' concept of sick role.

Question 71

Which of the following is a similarity between the assertions of feminist and conflict theorists?

A) Both emphasize that the medical system has concern for people.
B) Both emphasize that illness is dysfunctional.
C) Both emphasize the concept of the sick role.
D) Both emphasize that men control women's health.
E) Both emphasize the connection between health and inequality.

Question 72

Explain the role of a physician as a gatekeeper.

Question 73

Which of the following was previously considered a mental illness and was dropped later from APA's roster?

A)
Schizophrenia
B) Delusional disorder
C) Anorexia nervosa
D) Bulimia nervosa
E) Homosexuality

Question 74

How are lifestyle choices related to health, disease, and impairment? Why?

Question 75

Explain the changes in the occurrence of illnesses with age.

Question 76

What is the difference between a chronic disease and an acute disease?

Question 77

Explain the similarities in the arguments of feminist and conflict theorists.

Question 78

Explain how e-cigarettes are effective in helping smokers quit tobacco products.

Question 79

Which are the variables that are most frequently used to measure the health status of a given population?

Question 80

The identification of binge eating as a disorder by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) exemplifies:

A) medicalization.
B) naturalization.
C) denaturation.
D) nullification.
E) regularization.