Deck 4: Racial and Ethnic Families: Strengths and Stresses

Question 1

What are the benefits of immigration?

Answer 1

Immigrants work for low wages in jobs that native-born workers don't want to do.Undocumented
immigrants constitute an untapped source of revenue to support Social Security and Medicare payments for older Americans.Naturalized citizens, on the other hand, earn higher wages, which decreases the likelihood of family poverty; pay billions in state and federal taxes; and contribute to U.S.culture.

Question 2

Marriage in Middle Eastern families is ________.

A) usually based on the western concept of romantic love
B) often arranged or semi-arranged
C) initiated by young adults without parental approval
D) usually exogamous

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Which of the following groups is composed of people who identify with a particular national origin or cultural heritage?

A) a focus group
B) a social class
C) a racial group
D) an ethnic group

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Evan, a social advocate, remarks that there has been a perceptible decrease in the unauthorized immigrant population since 2007.Which of the following could be a reason for this?

A) the rise in the number of job opportunities
B) the passage of laws that aim to protect undocumented immigrants
C) the inefficient border management
D) the doubling of deportations

Question 5

Which of the following is true of immigration in the U.S.?

A) The unauthorized immigrant population has significantly plummeted after the Great Recession.
B) The United States is the nation that admits the highest number of immigrants every year.
C) Most of the immigrants that have settled down in the U.S.in recent years have come from Europe.
D) Most of the immigrants who come to the U.S.arrive as refugees who are fleeing political or religious oppression in their own countries.

Question 6

Which of the following statements is true about undocumented immigrants in the United States?

A) Most of the undocumented immigrants in the U.S.are of Indian descent.
B) Undocumented immigrants are more likely than U.S.-born people to work in dangerous jobs.
C) Most undocumented immigrants will benefit from social security when they reach the age of 65.
D) Undocumented immigrants are not required to pay sales taxes.

Question 7

A similarity between Latino families and Asian American families is that they both ________.

A) instill the concept of machismo among their youth
B) support the philosophy of individualism
C) lay an emphasis on the importance of family
D) encourage intercaste marriages

Question 8

Laws against marriage or sexual relations between a man and a woman of different races were called ________.

A) canon laws
B) antimiscegenation laws
C) Jim crow laws
D) double-jeopardy laws

Question 9

Maria Gonzales is a 34-year-old Hispanic woman who lives in the city of Dallas in Texas.She is often treated differently because of her distinct cultural lineage.Which of the following choices most likely applies to Maria?

A) Maria belongs to a minority group.
B) Maria has a relatively high social status.
C) Maria wields immense politic power.
D) Maria belongs to a dominant group.

Question 10

________ refers to the conformity of ethnic group members to the culture of the dominant group, including intermarriage.

A) Pluralism
B) Assimilation
C) Acculturation
D) Immigration

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the process of assimilation?

A) It refers to the conformity of ethnic group members to the culture of the dominant group, including intermarriage.
B) It involves the maintenance of many aspects of one's original culture by encouraging the members of an ethnic group to marry within their own community.
C) It involves the adoption of many characteristics of a host culture but doesn't include intermarriage.
D) It refers to the movement of ethnic groups from their native country to another country with the intention of permanently settling down.

Question 12

Jeremy, a social advocate, believes that easing the illegal immigrants' path to citizenship would bring more benefits than costs.Which of the following supports Jeremy's point of view?

A) Undocumented immigrants constitute an untapped source of revenue to support Social Security and Medicare payments for older white Americans.
B) Undocumented immigrants are more likely than U.S.-born people to work in dangerous jobs that have high fatality rates due to accidents.
C) Undocumented immigrants earn higher wages, which decreases the likelihood of family poverty.
D) Undocumented immigrants pay state and federal taxes and contribute to U.S.culture.

Question 13

People who may be treated differently because of their physical or cultural characteristics, such as gender, sexual orientation, religion, or skin color, belong to a(n)________ group.

A) minority
B) dominant
C) racial
D) ethnic

Question 14

What was the most restrictive feature of the anti-illegal immigrant law passed by the state of Arizona in 2010?

A) It required immigrants to prove they had American ancestral links.
B) It barred illegal immigrants from receiving state or local public benefits.
C) It required immigrants to always carry documents on their person.
D) It barred illegal immigrants from applying to acquire driving licenses.

Question 15

Which of the following states passed the broadest and strictest anti-illegal immigration law in recent U.S.history that required immigrants to always carry documents?

A) Arizona
B) California
C) Nevada
D) New Mexico

Question 16

The minority groups in Texas ________.

A) wield more power than the dominant group
B) have more privileges than the dominant group
C) are of a higher social status than the dominant group
D) outnumber the dominant group

Question 17

Which of the following best describes a majority-minority state?

A) It is a state in which the populations of the minority groups and the dominant groups are roughly equal.
B) It is a state in which the population is solely composed of members of the dominant group.
C) It is a state in which the members of minority groups make up less than half of the population.
D) It is a state in which whites make up less than half of the population.

Question 18

Which among the following is the least significant reason for the decrease in unauthorized immigrant population in the U.S.since 2007?

A) doubling of deportations of illegal immigrants
B) conversion of immigrants to legal status
C) decline in job opportunities brought about by the Great Depression
D) passage of state laws aimed at undocumented immigrants

Question 19

New Mexico differs from most of the other states in the U.S.in that New Mexico ________.

A) is a "majority-minority" state
B) has the strictest anti-immigration laws
C) has the lowest population of immigrants
D) is the state with the highest population of immigrants

Question 20

Peter, a critic of free immigration, claims that illegal immigrants tend to overburden the limited resources and social services of a nation.However, Jonathan, a fellow scholar, argues that illegal immigrants provide numerous economic benefits for their host countries.Examine the following options and select the correct response.

A) Jonathan is right because illegal immigrants pay state and federal taxes, and contribute to U.S.culture.
B) Jonathan is right because illegal immigrants constitute an untapped source of revenue to support Social Security and Medicare payments.
C) Peter is right because illegal immigrants increase unemployment by taking on jobs that are most sought after by naturalized citizens.
D) Peter is right because illegal immigrants do not favor low-paying and difficult jobs.

Question 21

Akello, an African American woman enrolls her 3-year-old son, Ababuo, at Redwood Learning Academy.Within the first few days of attending school, Ababuo begins to notice that he differs from his classmates both physically and culturally.Akello notices her son's confusion and decides to teach him to overcome race-related barriers and to be proud of his cultural heritage.In this scenario, Akello is actively engaging in the process of ________.

A) racial discrimination
B) segregation
C) racial socialization
D) acculturation

Question 22

African American families often display a(n)________.

A) matriarchal family pattern
B) egalitarian family pattern
C) patriarchal family pattern
D) authoritarian family pattern

Question 23

Sociologists view race as a ________.

A) genetically-determined fact
B) social construction
C) biological trait
D) evolutionary phenomenon

Question 24

Which of the following is true concerning the health and economic well-being of African American families?

A) Minorities typically receive lower quality health care.
B) The median family income of African Americans is the highest of all minority groups.
C) Despite low incomes, most African Americans have other assets, such as stocks and bonds.
D) Most African Americans tend to have better health because of the support of the extended family.

Question 25

Which of the following is the best definition of a racial group?

A) It refers to any physically or culturally distinctive group that has the most economic and political power, the greatest privileges, and the highest social status.
B) It refers to a category of people who share physical characteristics, such as skin color, that members of a society consider socially important.
C) It refers to a group of people who may be treated differently or unequally because of their physical or cultural characteristics, such as gender, sexual orientation, religion, or skin color.
D) It refers to a category of people who identify with a common national origin or cultural heritage.

Question 26

Behavior that treats people unfairly or unequally is called ________.

A) stereotyping
B) discrimination
C) dogmatism
D) acculturation

Question 27

Zulu belongs to a certain minority group.He works for Orion Works, an IT company, in Virginia.Zulu's boss, Mike, treats him unfairly and constantly slights him in public.Zulu is not invited to social events in the office and is assigned only insignificant tasks.Which of the following is illustrated in the context of Zulu's treatment by his boss?

A) prejudice
B) discrimination
C) zealotry
D) sexism

Question 28

Prejudice differs from discrimination in that prejudice ________.

A) is an attitude that prejudges people in a negative way
B) is behavior that treats people unequally or unfairly
C) is more harmful than discrimination
D) encompasses all sorts of actions, ranging from social slights to racially motivated hate crimes

Question 29

Which of the following is true of the differences between African Americans and their white counterparts?

A) Black men and women are less likely to die of heart disease and stroke than their white counterparts.
B) Black women have lower maternal death rates than any other group.
C) Black husbands are more likely than their white counterparts to share household chores.
D) Black families tend to inherit more wealth than white families do.

Question 30

In the state of Argonia, the citizens belonging to a certain minority group are not allowed to vote and are treated unequally because of their distinct color and religion.The laws of the state do not allow them to enjoy the social benefits that are granted to its other citizens.This scenario illustrates the concept of ________.

A) zealotry
B) individual discrimination
C) structural discrimination
D) racial socialization

Question 31

Which of the following is true of race?

A) Race is a social concept that describes cultural characteristics.
B) Race is determined biologically.
C) Race-determining genes equal the number of genes that make humans similar.
D) Race is a social concept that refers to physical characteristics.

Question 32

A(n)________ group has both distinctive physical and cultural characteristics.

A) racial
B) ethnic
C) racial-ethnic
D) dominant group

Question 33

________ is an attitude that prejudges people, usually in a negative way, who are different from "us" in race, ethnicity, religion, or some other characteristic.

A) Culture shock
B) Cognitive dissonance
C) Prejudice
D) Dogma

Question 34

A(n)________ refers to a set of people who identify with a particular national origin or cultural heritage.

A) dominant group
B) racial group
C) assimilated group
D) ethnic group

Question 35

Sam believes that his new coworker, Drogo, is incompetent for the job.He has a preset notion that all the members of Drogo's ethnic group are lazy and unskilled workers.In spite of his views, Sam doesn't treat Drogo any differently from the rest of his coworkers because he is afraid of being fired.Which of the following terms best describes Sam's behavior?

A) sexism
B) zealotry
C) prejudice
D) discrimination

Question 36

The process of adopting the language, values, beliefs, roles, or other characteristics of a host culture, but which does not include intermarriage, is called ________.

A) acculturation
B) pluralism
C) immigration
D) assimilation

Question 37

Rita lives with her family in Dallas.She is the oldest of three children and is of Indian-American descent.Rita's parents have raised her to value many aspects of her culture and have encouraged her to speak their native language at home.At the same time, they have also taught her to respect different cultures around her.They will eventually arrange Rita's marriage to an Indian boy from their own community.This scenario exemplifies the process of ________.

A) assimilation
B) acculturation
C) pluralism
D) xenophobia

Question 38

Adam Gillhorn and Derek Cosby are students of sociology.Adam claims that low-income African American parents and their children generally behave irresponsibly and make poor decisions.Derek believes that low-income African American families are more responsible as they have to adapt to problems beyond their control.Which of the following statements strengthens Derek's argument?

A) Most African American men in low-income families are employed and work hard to support their wives and children.
B) Low-income African American youth usually make good purchasing decisions.
C) African American children from low-income families are more likely to grow up in households with both parents.
D) Black married men in low-income families are more likely than women to do most of the traditional chores, such as cooking, cleaning, and laundry, and to be overworked.

Question 39

Which of the following is true of African American families?

A) African American families often display an egalitarian family pattern, in which both men and women share equal authority.
B) All African American families speak the same language and have similar customs, cuisines, and religious practices.
C) African American children are less likely than children in other racial-ethnic groups to grow up with only one parent, usually a mother.
D) African American fathers do not make an effort to be involved in their children's lives and are unlikely to share household chores.

Question 40

________ refers to maintaining many aspects of one's original culture - including using one's own language and marrying within one's own ethnic group - while living peacefully with the host culture.

A) Immigration
B) Assimilation
C) Pluralism
D) Acculturation

Question 41

Sam Wentsworth, a social advocate, claims that marianismo may be an ideal rather than a reality.Which of the following factors best serves as evidence to support Sam's claim?

A) the high separation and divorce rates among Latin American couples
B) the reduction in the number of out-of-wedlock births among Latinas
C) the high nonmarital pregnancy rates of Latina adolescents
D) the increase in the number of working Latin American women

Question 42

Like their white counterparts, middle-class Latinos who have acculturated to U.S.society tend to ________.

A) be more permissive in raising their children
B) use harsh punishments to control their children
C) lack the motivation to care for their children
D) teach their children to disrespect authority

Question 43

Derek, a social advocate, claims that machismo among Latin American men can have a negative impact on their families and lifestyle.Which of the following statements weakens Derek's claim?

A) Latin American men often display violence and aggression in an attempt to emphasize their masculinity.
B) Latin American men are primarily responsible for managing the children and other domestic responsibilities.
C) Latin American men are less susceptible to depression and substance abuse.
D) Latin American men have a deep sense of honor and try their best to avoid loss of dignity in front of others.

Question 44

Carlo Bandaras, a 34-year-old Latin American, lives with his family in Texas.At times, he displays aggression to keep the other members of the family in check.He believes that men are superior to women and that violence and aggression emphasize masculinity.In this scenario, Carlos is displaying the elements of ________.

A) marianismo
B) dignidad
C) familism
D) machismo

Question 45

Riko Gonzales hails from Mexico.He is the breadwinner of his family and takes great pride in upholding family tradition.He believes that a man should hold authority over his woman and children and should uphold the family honor.In this scenario, Riko is displaying the elements of ________.

A) marianismo
B) respeto
C) familism
D) dignidad

Question 46

Which of the following factors strengthens the argument that marianismo is more of an ideal than a reality in Latino society?

A) Girls are more likely to be monitored and supervised.
B) There is growing acceptance of the traditional gender roles in Latino society.
C) More Latino men participate in domestic work and child rearing activities now than ever before.
D) There is a high incidence of nonmarital pregnancy among Latina adolescents.

Question 47

Vikram, a 45-year-old Asian Indian, lives with his family in Texas.With regard to the characteristics of an average Asian Indian family, which of the following choices most likely applies to Vikram's family?

A) Vikram's family has a lower median household income than the other minority groups in the neighborhood.
B) Vikram and his wife tend to be more permissive in raising their children.
C) Vikram and his wife sacrifice their personal needs in the interests of their children and expect filial piety in return.
D) Vikram and his wife allow their children to make their own decisions and do not play a significant role in their lives.

Question 48

Which of the following is true of American Indian families?

A) In American Indian families, the man of the house does not participate in any of the household activities.
B) American Indian families have a slightly higher median household income than that of African American families.
C) In American Indian families, elders are not given any importance and are excluded from a family's decision making.
D) American Indian families steadily assimilate into western culture and are not spiritually inclined.

Question 49

Andrew, a sociologist, claims that acculturation among Latin American families poses many benefits.However, his colleague, Matt, argues that acculturation also brings its share of negative consequences.Examine the following choices and select the correct response.

A) Andrew is right because during the acculturation process, first and later generations often acquire the necessary English language skills, competitive values, and education that increase the likelihood of moving up the economic ladder.
B) Andrew is right because acculturation, particularly in low-income neighborhoods, may result in lowering the rates of delinquency and crime among Latino adolescents.
C) Matt is wrong because there has been a reduction in the divorce rates among married couples in Latin American families who have acculturated to U.S.society.
D) Matt is wrong because middle-class Latinos who have acculturated to U.S.society tend to be less permissive in raising their children, thereby instilling a sense of discipline among their youth.

Question 50

Aria Gonzales and her husband have just emigrated to the U.S.from Mexico.At first, they were apprehensive about settling down in a new country since they're not very familiar with American culture.However, Aria's relatives and cousins who arrived in the U.S.earlier are helping them adjust to their new environment by providing them with both emotional and economic support.What aspect of Latin American tradition has been illustrated in this scenario?

A) marianismo
B) machismo
C) dignidad
D) familism

Question 51

Antonio lives in California with his family.He is of Mexican descent and works for an automobile industry.His cousin, Marco, wants to move to the U.S.So, Antonio decides to sponsor him and promises to help him find accommodation and a job.Which of the following practices has been illustrated in this scenario?

A) miscegenation
B) acculturation
C) assimilation
D) chain migration

Question 52

Dev, an Asian Indian, lives with his family in Virginia.He has raised his children to be focused and responsible.He lays great emphasis on the importance of education and expects both his children to excel in school and go on to college.Which of the following methods is Dev most likely to adopt to reinforce his children's obligations to the family, and would be most consistent with his cultural upbringing, if the children fail to meet his expectations?

A) physical punishment
B) isolation from the family
C) guilt and shame
D) family counselors

Question 53

Agatha is a 52-year-old Catholic woman of Spanish descent.She has raised her daughters to be self-sacrificing and virtuous.Agatha herself was raised by a strict Catholic family and remained a virgin until marriage.Which of the following aspects of the feminine role has been exemplified in this scenario?

A) familism
B) dignidad
C) marianismo
D) machismo

Question 54

Abdul is a traditional Middle-Eastern American who lives with his family in Texas.Which of the following beliefs is Abdul most likely to believe in himself?

A) Boys and girls are both expected to perform domestic chores.
B) Girls are expected to scold their brothers if they misbehave.
C) Boys are expected to date only within their community.
D) Girls are expected to serve the men in the family.

Question 55

What reason do American Indian tribal leaders give for the high alcoholism and suicide rates among their youth?

A) the gradual erosion of American Indian culture
B) the oppression imposed on the youth by native cultural practices
C) the remigration of youth back to rural areas
D) the poverty and poor access to services in the reservations

Question 56

Evan Rathbone, a sociologist, claims that machismo among Latin American men is a ludicrous stereotype.Which of the following statements supports his claim?

A) Many Latino men are the primary source of financial support for their families.
B) Latino men have a deep respect for authority, tradition, and family.
C) Many Latino men participate in domestic work and child rearing activities.
D) Latino men strive to maintain close ties with their extended families.

Question 57

David, a sociologist remarks that "familism" helps pull families together.However, his colleague, Mark, argues that the results of familism are not always positive.Which of the following statements supports Mark's argument?

A) Familism tends to increase the likelihood of stressed parents treating their children in more negative ways.
B) Familism tends to increase stress and depression among Latino adolescents who are expected to care for their teenage sisters' infants.
C) Familism tends to increase parental conflict which, in turn, has a negative impact on the children's' performance in school.
D) Familism tends to have an oppressing effect on Latino adolescents, thereby making them more rebellious and self-centered.

Question 58

How do Asian Americans differ from the other minority groups in the U.S.?

A) Asian Americans are less likely than other racial-ethnic groups or whites to be concentrated in highly skilled occupations.
B) Compared to other groups, Asian Americans have the lowest median household income.
C) Asian American parents tend to exercise less control over their children's lives than do non-Asian American parents.
D) Compared to other groups, Asian Americans have the highest life expectancy rates.

Question 59

Abda is a 24-year-old Middle-Eastern American woman who lives with her husband in Arkansas.Abda's parents had wanted to arrange their daughter's marriage to a boy from their own community.However, Abda fell in love with and married an American of German descent.Abda's marriage reflects ________.

A) exogamy
B) polgamy
C) endogamy
D) hypogamy

Question 60

How do Latin Americans differ from White Americans with regard to their health and economic well-being?

A) Latinos as a group have lower life expectancy rates than whites.
B) Latino families are less likely than white families to financially aid their kin.
C) Latino families are more likely than white families to support their parents.
D) Latinos are more likely than whites to engage in binge drinking and to die from illicit drugs and prescription abuse.

Question 61

Discuss the strengths of African American families.

Question 62

What are the strengths of the Latino American family system?

Question 63

Discuss gender roles within Asian American families.

Question 64

What is the difference between prejudice and discrimination?

Question 65

Why do social scientists argue that we do not live in a color-blind society? In other words, what are some benefits associated with white skin color?

Question 66

Discuss the strengths of American Indian families.

Question 67

Write a note on the health and economic well-being of Asian Americans.

Question 68

List four reasons why racial-ethnic intermarriage has increased.

Question 69

What are some benefits of immigration?

Question 70

Why have many Asian American families become successful?