Deck 4: Eukaryotic Cell Structure and Function

Question 1

The plasma membrane of eukaryotes contains all of the following except

A) phosphoglycerides.
B) sphingolipids.
C) sterols.
D) peptidoglycan.

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Receptor mediated endocytosis

A) depends on formation of clathrin coated pits that pinch off.
B) is used to internalize molecules such as hormones, growth factors, iron, and cholesterol.
C) involves formation of caveolae that are enriched in cholesterol and caveolin.
D) is typically used to internalize plasma membranes added by exocytosis.
E) depends on formation of clathrin coated pits that pinch off and is used to internalize molecules such as hormones, growth factors, iron, and cholesterol.

Answer 2

E

Question 3

The endoplasmic reticulum is composed of flattened sacs called

A) thylakoids.
B) cristae.
C) cisternae.
D) vacuomes.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

The distribution of lipids in the plasma membrane of eukaryotes is symmetrical.

Question 5

A lysosome containing undigested material is called

A) a phagosome.
B) an endosome.
C) a residual body.
D) a coated vesicle.

Question 6

Like prokaryotic cells, most eukaryotic cells have an external cell wall.

Question 7

Enzymes needed to digest all types of macromolecules are found in

A) lysosomes.
B) Golgi apparatus.
C) mitochondria.
D) centrioles.

Question 8

Proteins are synthesized on structures called

A) mesosomes.
B) lysosomes.
C) ribosomes.
D) chromosomes.

Question 9

The process by which a cell imports large particles by enclosing them in vesicles pinched off from the plasma membrane is called

A) exocytosis.
B) phagocytosis.
C) pinocytosis.
D) nutrient cytosis.

Question 10

Protein filaments with a diameter of 4-7 nm that play a role in cell movement and shape change are called

A) microtubules.
B) microfilaments.
C) intermediate filaments.
D) mycelia.

Question 11

Membrane delimited intracellular structures that perform specific functions in cells are called

A) organelles.
B) organs.
C) tissues.
D) systomis.

Question 12

Which of the following organelles is involved in the modification, packaging, and secretion of materials?

A) lysosomes
B) Golgi apparatus
C) mitochondria
D) centrioles

Question 13

Protein filaments with a diameter of about 10 nm that are major components of the cytoskeleton are called

A) microtubules.
B) microfilaments.
C) intermediate filaments.
D) mycelia.

Question 14

Microdomains in eukaryotic plasma membranes can participate in

A) cell movement.
B) cell division.
C) signal transduction.
D) all of the above.

Question 15

The liquid component of the cytoplasm is known as the

A) thylakoid
B) cytosol
C) cytoskeleton
D) stroma

Question 16

Which of the following parts of the Golgi complex receives materials from the ER?

A) cis face
B) trans face
C) cisternal edges
D) None of these are correct.

Question 17

The Golgi apparatus is responsible for the

A) the assembly of ribosomes.
B) packaging of materials for excretion.
C) formation of mesosomes.
D) replication of chromosomes.

Question 18

The major site of cell membrane synthesis is the

A) nucleus.
B) plasma membrane.
C) lysosome.
D) endoplasmic reticulum.

Question 19

A filamentous organelle comprised of tubulins with a diameter of 25 nm is called

A) microtubule.
B) microfilament.
C) intermediate filament.
D) mycelia.

Question 20

Compartmentalization of the interior of the prokaryotic cell makes possible the separation of different biochemical and physiological functions.

Question 21

A (n) __________ is a special type of lysosome used by a cell to selectively digest and recycle cytoplasmic contents, such as mitochondria.

A) suicide vacuole
B) turnover lysosome
C) recycling vacuole
D) autophagosome

Question 22

The membrane bound structure that contains the chromosomes of eukaryotes is called the nucleus.

Question 23

The enzymes and electron carriers involved in electron transport and oxidative phosphorylation are located in the __________ membrane of the mitochondrion.

A) inner
B) outer
C) inner and outer
D) neither inner nor outer

Question 24

Which of the following is a function of the mitochondrion?

A) tricarboxylic acid cycle enzyme reactions
B) electron transport
C) ATP synthesis
D) all of the choices

Question 25

The Golgi apparatus is comprised of flattened, saclike structures called __________, which may be clustered in one region or scattered throughout the cell.

A) cristae
B) thylakoids
C) cisternae
D) vesiculae

Question 26

Although similar in function, the eukaryotic ribosome is generally smaller and more complex than the prokaryotic ribosome.

Question 27

Loosely organized genetic material containing those genes being actively expressed is called __________, whereas tightly organized (condensed) genetic material containing those genes not being actively expressed is called __________.

Question 28

Coated pits containing clathrin do not permit concentration of ingested macromolecules prior to endocytosis.

Question 29

The formation of carbohydrate (CO₂ fixation) in the dark reaction of photosynthesis, takes place in the

A) stroma.
B) cytoplasm.
C) thylakoid membrane.
D) nucleus.

Question 30

The nucleolar organizer is a part of a specific chromosome that directs the synthesis of

A) transfer RNA (tRNA).
B) ribosomal RNA (rRNA).
C) messenger RNA (mRNA).
D) heterogeneous nuclear RNA (hnRNA).

Question 31

The nucleolus is a highly active region of the nucleus that is required for synthesis of ribosomes.

Question 32

Stacks of cisternae in the Golgi apparatus are referred to as

A) stigmata.
B) golgisomes.
C) dictyosomes.
D) Lamellisomes.

Question 33

Chloroplasts are the site for both the light and dark reactions of photosynthesis.

Question 34

The endoplasmic reticulum is mostly devoid of ribosomes (smooth) when cells are producing large quantities of lipid.

Question 35

The light reactions of photosynthesis, which form ATP and NADPH, take place in the

A) stroma.
B) cytoplasm.
C) thylakoid membrane.
D) nucleus.

Question 36

The organelle responsible for harvesting light as an energy source for photosynthesis is the

A) kinetoplast.
B) centriole.
C) chloroplast.
D) mitochondrion.

Question 37

Lysosomes maintain an acidic environment by actively pumping protons into their interior.

Question 38

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) with many ribosomes attached is called __________ ER, whereas endoplasmic reticulum that is mostly devoid of ribosomes is called __________ ER.

Question 39

Ribosomes synthesizing proteins that are to be excreted are located on the __________.

Question 40

The nucleolus plays a major role in synthesis of

A) mRNA.
B) tRNA.
C) rRNA.
D) transcription activation proteins.

Question 41

Cilia beat with two distinctive phases. With the __________ stroke, they stroke like an oar, thereby propelling the organism through the water. With the __________ stroke, cilia bend along their length while they are pulled forward.

Question 42

A cell with a diploid number of 12 chromosomes undergoes meiosis. The number of chromosomes in each of the daughter cells is

A) 24.
B) 6.
C) 12.
D) 16.

Question 43

The majority of mitochondrial proteins are manufactured under the direction of the nuclear DNA by cytoplasmic ribosomes.

Question 44

Which of the following is useful in distinguishing between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

A) the use of DNA for the storage of genetic information
B) the presence of ribosomes for the synthesis of proteins
C) the presence of membrane-delimited organelles within the cytoplasm
D) all of the choices

Question 45

The genetic code is expressed differently in bacterial and archaeal cells than in eukaryotic cells.

Question 46

An organism with one copy of each chromosome is said to be

A) haploid.
B) diploid.
C) aneuploid.
D) monoploid.

Question 47

The major difference between the vacuoles of eukaryotes and the inclusion bodies of prokaryotes is that the former are membrane-bound whereas the latter are not.

Question 48

Construction of flagella and/or cilia is directed by the

A) axoneme.
B) tubulin.
C) centriole.
D) basal body.

Question 49

Eukaryotes usually have more than one chromosome for the storage of genetic information.

Question 50

The inner membrane system of chloroplasts consists of flattened sacs called __________ that form stacks called __________.

Question 51

Electron transport reactions that occur in the mitochondria of eukaryotes take place on the inner membrane of that structure.

Question 52

The __________ is a complex structure or set of structures lying beneath the plasma membrane of many protozoa and some algae, which serves as a supportive mechanism for these cells.

Question 53

Flimmer filaments

A) permit flagella to pull rather than push the cell.
B) function to move cells on solid surfaces.
C) are components of all eucaryotic flagella.
D) None of the choices are true

Question 54

Long filaments containing microtubules and used for cellular locomotion are called __________, whereas short fibers containing microtubules and used for cellular locomotion are called __________.

Question 55

An arrangement of microtubules located in the matrix of cilia and flagella is called the __________.

A) axial bundle
B) axial filament
C) axoneme
D) axillary tubule

Question 56

An organism with two copies of each chromosome is said to be

A) haploid.
B) diploid.
C) aneuploid.
D) monoploid.

Question 57

Eukaryotic ribosomes may be free in the cytoplasm or attached to the __________ __________.