Deck 38: Human Diseases Caused by Bacteria

Question 1

A sharp reduction in the incidence of Haemophilus influenzae serotype b infections is principally due to

A) the discovery of new antibiotics.
B) the development of an effective vaccine.
C) the elimination of the natural reservoir of H. influenzae.
D) improvements in sanitary conditions in meat processing plants.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Legionnaires' disease is so named because

A) it caused a large epidemic among members of the French Foreign Legion.
B) it was first identified at a convention of the American Legion.
C) it was a common infection among foot soldiers.
D) none of the choices

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Mycoplasma pneumoniae

A) does not cause pneumonia despite its name.
B) causes pneumonia more often than Streptococcus pneumoniae.
C) causes pneumonia only in conjunction with viral activity.
D) is one of the causes of atypical pneumonia.

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Which of the following is an autoimmune disease?

A) glomerulonephritis
B) rheumatic fever
C) scarlet fever
D) scarlatina

Question 5

In tuberculosis, when a caseous lesion calcifies, it is called a

A) tubercle.
B) Ghon complex.
C) tuberculous cavity.
D) all of the choices

Question 6

Beta-hemolytic group A streptococci are responsible for

A) rheumatic fever.
B) necrotizing fasciitis.
C) pharyngitis.
D) all of the choices

Question 7

The causative agent of whooping cough is

A) Bartonella henselae.
B) Ehrlichia chaffeensis.
C) Bordetella pertussis.
D) Campylobacter jejuni.

Question 8

Which of the following is not a major cause of meningitis cases in the United States?

A) Neisseria meningitides
B) Haemophilus influenzae
C) Staphylococcus aureus
D) Streptococcus pneumoniae

Question 9

Diphtheria exotoxin is made only by strains of Corynebacterium diphtheriae that carry a prophage containing the tox gene.

Question 10

New cases of tuberculosis are the result of recent transmission or reactivation of old dormant infections.

Question 11

Diphtheria is an acute contagious disease caused by an exotoxin that

A) functions by inhibiting protein synthesis.
B) may cause destruction of cardiac, kidney and nerve tissues.
C) can be neutralized as a result of immunity produced by the DPT vaccine.
D) all of the choices

Question 12

Which of the following drug(s) is(are) used to treat tuberculosis?

A) isoniazid
B) ethambutol
C) rifampin
D) all of the choices

Question 13

Legionella pneumophila may be found in

A) soil and aquatic ecosystems.
B) air-conditioning systems.
C) shower stalls.
D) all of the choices

Question 14

The exotoxin produced by Corynebacterium diphtheriae

A) causes an inflammatory response.
B) causes the formation of a pseudomembrane on the respiratory mucosa.
C) may destroy cardiac and kidney tissue.
D) all of the choices

Question 15

Once the initial case has occurred, Legionnaires' disease spreads as a propagated epidemic.

Question 16

Pulmonary mycobacterial infections in AIDS patients is mostly likely to be caused by

A) Mycobacterium avium complex.
B) Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
C) Mycobacterium bovis.
D) Mycobacterium africanum.

Question 17

Streptococcus pneumoniae is the most prevalent gram-negative bacterium isolated from pneumonia patients.

Question 18

Diphtheria is treated with

A) antitoxin and antibiotics.
B) anti-inflammatory drugs and antibiotics.
C) DPT vaccine.
D) diuretic drugs and antibiotics.

Question 19

When in the human body, Legionella pneumophila resides

A) in alveolar macrophages.
B) in alveoli.
C) in the lower intestinal tract.
D) in the meninges.

Question 20

Which of the following is prevented by the DPT vaccine?

A) diphtheria
B) whooping cough
C) tetanus
D) all of the choices

Question 21

The natural host(s) for Borrelia burgdorferi is (are)

A) mosquitoes.
B) birds.
C) ticks.
D) deer and field mice.

Question 22

Identity confirmation of Yersinia pestis by advanced laboratory techniques can be carried out in almost any hospital clinical laboratory.

Question 23

Chlamydia trachomatis is the most prevalent single cause of blindness resulting from an infectious agent.

Question 24

Lyme disease is spread from human to human by mosquito vectors.

Question 25

Neisseria gonorrhoeae may sometimes cause

A) ophthalmia neonatorum.
B) nongonococcal urethritis.
C) lymphogranuloma venereum.
D) salpingitis.

Question 26

Newborn infants can be infected with ____________ streptococcus during birth.

Question 27

Inflammation of the membranes around the brain or spinal cord is called __________.

Question 28

A disease caused by Chlamydia trachomatis is

A) dental caries.
B) trachoma.
C) gonococcal urethritis.
D) trachoma and nongonococcal urethritis.

Question 29

The pathogen most frequently involved in causing clostridial myonecrosis is

A) Clostridium septicum.
B) Clostridium perfringens.
C) Clostridium tetani.
D) Streptococcus pyogenes.

Question 30

Diphtheria is a contagious disease that spreads from person to person mainly by the fecal-oral route.

Question 31

Which stage of syphilis is characterized by a skin rash?

A) primary
B) secondary
C) tertiary
D) latent

Question 32

In the primary stage of syphilis, the initial symptom is a small, painless, reddened ulcer called a __________.

Question 33

Helicobacter pylori is a principal causative agent of

A) human ehrlichiosis.
B) toxic shock syndrome.
C) peptic ulcer disease.
D) gastroenteritis.

Question 34

A variety of free-living amoebae and ciliated protozoa are thought to provide a natural reservoir for survival and growth of Legionella spp. in nature.

Question 35

The vector for Rocky Mountain spotted fever is the

A) louse.
B) flea.
C) tick.
D) mosquito.

Question 36

Plague is spread from wild rodents to humans by the bite of an infected tick.

Question 37

The causative agent of bubonic plague is

A) Coxiella burnetii.
B) Ehrlichia chaffeensis.
C) Yersinia pestis.
D) Kingella kingae.

Question 38

Which of the following is caused by a member of the rickettsias?

A) Rocky Mountain spotted fever
B) Q-fever
C) Typhoid fever
D) all of the choices

Question 39

A(n) __________ is an enlarged lymph node that appears during cases of the plague.

Question 40

Trachoma is transmitted by

A) contact with inanimate objects.
B) hand-to-hand contact.
C) flies.
D) all of the choices

Question 41

Diagnosis of syphilis is by way of

A) clinical history.
B) immunofluorescence examination of lesion fluids.
C) dark-field examination of lesion fluids.
D) all of the choices

Question 42

Which of the following is important in the treatment of potential infections by Clostridium tetani?

A) proper care of wounds contaminated with soil
B) prophylactic use of antitoxin
C) administration of penicillin
D) All of the choices are important in the treatment of potential infections by Clostridium tetani.

Question 43

Campylobacter jejuni is transmitted to humans by all of the following except

A) contaminated food and water.
B) infected animals.
C) insect vectors.
D) anal-oral sexual activity.

Question 44

Treatment of gas gangrene may involve

A) wound debridement.
B) antitoxins.
C) hyperbaric chambers.
D) all of the choices

Question 45

Humans acquire typhoid fever by

A) sexual activity.
B) mosquito bites.
C) inhalation of contaminated dust particles.
D) ingesting water or food contaminated with feces.

Question 46

Gonorrhea, a sexually transmitted disease, is an acute infection of the mucous membranes of the

A) genitourinary tract.
B) conjunctiva.
C) rectum.
D) all of the choices

Question 47

Pelvic inflammatory disease may result from infection with

A) Staphylococcus epidermidis.
B) Clostridium perfringens.
C) Neisseria gonorrhoeae.
D) Mycobacterium leprae.

Question 48

Campylobacter jejuni is commonly found in the intestinal tract of

A) chickens.
B) turkeys.
C) cattle.
D) all of the choices

Question 49

Cholera is very prevalent in all of the following areas except

A) Asia.
B) North America.
C) Middle East.
D) Africa.

Question 50

Staphylococcus epidermidis can be characterized by all of the following except that it

A) does not produce coagulase.
B) is not pigmented.
C) produces a yellow pigment.
D) can be associated with nosocomial infections.

Question 51

Which of the following is not involved in the transmission of salmonellosis?

A) poultry
B) eggs
C) canned vegetables
D) water

Question 52

Passage of Vibrio cholerae through the human body results in reduced infectivity for the next human host.

Question 53

Which of the following does (do) not always require the presence of living bacteria?

A) intoxications
B) food poisoning
C) bacterial diarrhea
D) all of the choices

Question 54

A diffuse, spreading infection of subcutaneous skin tissue is

A) erysipelas.
B) cellulitis.
C) rheumatic fever.
D) glomerulonephritis.

Question 55

An acute infection and inflammation of the dermal layer of the skin is

A) scarlet fever.
B) cellulites.
C) erysipelas.
D) pharyngitis.

Question 56

Staphylococcal food poisoning is caused by the ingestion of improperly stored or cooked food in which __________ has grown.

A) Staphylococcus epidermidis
B) Staphylococcus aureus
C) Staphylococcus pneumoniae
D) all of the choices

Question 57

Which of the following is not usually involved with the spread of staphylococci?

A) sexual intercourse
B) respiratory secretions
C) hands
D) inanimate objects

Question 58

Pathogenic staphylococci inhibit neutrophil chemotaxis, phagocytosis, and the action of vancomycin by the production of

A) hemolysins.
B) slime.
C) leukocidins.
D) a capsule

Question 59

Staphylococci can be divided into pathogenic and relatively nonpathogenic strains based on whether or not they synthesize

A) catalase.
B) coagulase.
C) leukocidins.
D) a capsule.

Question 60

Leprosy is caused by a microbe of the genus

A) Chlamydia.
B) Streptococcus.
C) Staphylococcus.
D) Mycobacterium.

Question 61

Anthrax is a highly infectious disease of animals that can be transmitted to humans who come in direct contact with infected animals or their products.

Question 62

__________ formation begins with the initial colonization of the pellicle by Streptococcus gordonii, S. oralis, and S. mitis.

Question 63

Septic shock is actually the result of endogenous mediators released from the patient's own cells in response to bacterial endotoxins or exotoxins.

Question 64

Escherichia coli O157:H7 is a major cause of hemorrhagic colitis in the U.S.

Question 65

Francisella tularensis is transmitted to humans by

A) biting arthropods.
B) direct contact with infected tissue.
C) inhalation of aerosols.
D) all of the choices.

Question 66

Bacterial vaginosis may be the result of transfer from the rectum where the causative organisms usually reside in addition to occurring by means of sexual transmission.

Question 67

Q fever is apt to occur in epidemic form among

A) farmers.
B) slaughterhouse workers.
C) veterinarians.
D) all of the choices

Question 68

Dental pathogens are called __________.

Question 69

The disease caused by Streptococcus mutans is

A) trachoma.
B) dental decay or caries.
C) plague.
D) atypical pneumonia.

Question 70

Bacillus anthracis strains can be separated into five categories based on

A) spore morphology.
B) serological assays for lipopolysaccharide variants.
C) a genetic assay that detect variable numbers of tandem repeats in various genes.
D) membrane lipid composition as measure by gas chromatography.

Question 71

Sepsis and septic shock cannot be categorized under a specific mode of transmission.

Question 72

In humans the most common type of anthrax disease is

A) cutaneous anthrax resulting from the introduction of spores into a break in the skin.
B) pulmonary anthrax from inhalation of spores attached to dust.
C) gastrointestinal anthrax resulting from consumption of undercooked food contaminated with spores.
D) tick borne anthrax resulting from direct introduction of vegetative Bacillus anthracis to the blood stream of a host.

Question 73

Humans may contact psittacosis by

A) handling infected birds.
B) inhaling excreta of dried birds.
C) consuming undercooked chicken.
D) handling infected birds and inhaling excreta of dried birds

Question 74

Ornithosis is caused by

A) Chlamydophilia psittaci.
B) Chlamydia trachomatis.
C) Ureaplasma urealyticum.
D) Mycoplasma hominis.

Question 75

The disease anthrax is caused by a species belonging to which genus?

A) Vibrio
B) Kingella
C) Ehrlichia
D) Bacillus