Deck 2: Personality: What It Is, How Its Measured

Question 1

According to Freud, the part of the mind that is not available to ordinary awareness is the ______.

A) conscious
B) semi-conscious
C) preconscious
D) unconscious

Answer 1

unconscious

Question 2

A psychologist believes that personality is the result of an active struggle between various conscious and unconscious forces moving through the mind. This psychologist believes in the ______ model of personality.

A) psychodynamic
B) social-cognitive
C) humanistic
D) biological

Answer 2

psychodynamic

Question 3

According to Freud, experiences that we are currently unaware but of which we can become aware by focusing on them are located in the ______.

A) conscious
B) semi-conscious
C) preconscious
D) unconscious

Answer 3

preconscious

Question 4

Freud believed that the vast majority of the human mind is in the ______.

A) conscious
B) semi-conscious
C) preconscious
D) unconscious

Question 5

In psychoanalysis, people are prodded to talk about ______.

A) sexual fantasies
B) politics
C) religion
D) anything that comes to mind

Question 6

The term Freud used to describe motivated forgetting or the automatic ejection of anxiety evoking ideas from awareness is ______.

A) resistance
B) displacement
C) repression
D) sublimation

Question 7

A male survives a life-threatening experience only to find that when it is over, he has no conscious memories of the event. Hypnosis reveals that the memories are buried in his unconscious mind and have been blocked from consciousness. This is an example of what Freud referred to as ______.

A) suppression
B) repression
C) denial
D) a reaction formation

Question 8

For Freud, the struggle between biological drives and social rules was most fierce in the ______.

A) conscious
B) preconscious
C) semi-conscious
D) unconscious

Question 9

According to Freud, biological instincts and urges such as hunger, thirst, sexuality, and aggression all originate in the ______.

A) conscious mind
B) semi-conscious mind
C) preconscious mind
D) unconscious mind

Question 10

Freud concluded that the human mind was like ______.

A) an elephant
B) an iceberg
C) seaweed
D) a computer

Question 11

Freud was trained as ______.

A) a psychologist
B) a social worker
C) a physician
D) a lawyer

Question 12

Freud believed that people are aware of ______ of the ideas and impulses that dwell within their minds.

A) only a small portion
B) about half
C) a great majority
D) virtually all

Question 13

The method originated by Freud, through which he helped people explore their mind and personality, is called ______.

A) behavior modification
B) psychoanalysis
C) self-actualization
D) cognitive mapping

Question 14

Freud began his career by specializing in the treatment of ______ problems.

A) neurological
B) stress-related
C) gastro-intestinal
D) pediatric

Question 15

The distinct patterns of behavior, thoughts, and feelings that characterize a person's adjustment to the demands of life are known as ______.

A) attitude
B) personal orientation
C) personality
D) adjustment

Question 16

______ is the reasonably stable patterns of emotions, motives, and behavior that distinguish one person from another.

A) Personality
B) A schema
C) Attitude
D) Conviction

Question 17

. Freud's view of personality is founded in the _____ theory of psychology.

A) humanistic
B) behavioral
C) social-cognitive
D) psychodynamic

Question 18

According to Freud, the region of the mind that pokes through into the light of awareness is the ______.

A) conscious
B) semi-conscious
C) preconscious
D) unconscious

Question 19

The founder of the psychodynamic theory is ______.

A) Carl Jung
B) B. F. Skinner
C) Fritz Perls
D) Sigmund Freud

Question 20

In the story of the blind men and the elephant, presented in your text, the elephant most closely represents ______.

A) the unconscious
B) someone's personality
C) morality
D) peer pressure

Question 21

Freud used psychoanalysis to try and explore the ______ mind.

A) conscious
B) semi-conscious
C) preconscious
D) unconscious

Question 22

______ make psychoanalysis a tedious process that can last for years, or even decades.

A) Catharsis and insight
B) Reflection and self-actualization
C) Repression and resistance
D) The libido and identification

Question 23

Freud believed that the mind was composed of ______ psychic structures.

A) three
B) four
C) five
D) six

Question 24

For Freud, the psychic structure that demands instant gratification of instincts without consideration of law, social custom, or the needs of others is the ______.

A) the ego
B) the libido
C) the superego
D) the id

Question 25

Which of the following is NOT one of Freud's psychic structures?

A) the ego
B) the libido
C) the id
D) the superego

Question 26

According to Freud, the id operates under the ______ principle.

A) reality
B) moral
C) informed consent
D) pleasure

Question 27

According to Freud, the ONLY psychic structure that is present at birth is ______.

A) the ego
B) the libido
C) the id
D) the superego

Question 28

A psychotherapy patient is asked to lie on a couch and talk about anything that comes to mind, in the hope that her ramblings will eventually help her gain insight into her wishes, fears, repressed emotional conflicts, and the workings of her unconscious mind. The type of therapy in which this patient is involved is most likely ______.

A) Gestalt therapy
B) psychoanalysis
C) behavioral therapy
D) humanistic therapy

Question 29

According to Freud, the id is ______.

A) entirely unconscious
B) mostly unconscious
C) mostly conscious
D) fully conscious

Question 30

A psychotherapist asks his patient to lie on a couch and talk about anything that comes to mind, in the hope that her ramblings will eventually help her gain insight into her wishes, fears, repressed emotional conflicts, and the workings of her unconscious mind. This therapist is most likely a follower of ______.

A) Sigmund Freud
B) Carl Rogers
C) John Watson
D) Albert Ellis

Question 31

For Freud, the psychic structure that might best represent the "emotional little child" inside you would be the ______.

A) the ego
B) the libido
C) the superego
D) the id

Question 32

According to Freud, the desire to avoid thinking about unpleasant or anxiety-evoking thoughts is called ______.

A) resistance
B) repression
C) sublimation
D) inhibition

Question 33

Freud's psychic structures of personality can ______.

A) not be seen nor measured directly
B) be seen, but not measured directly
C) be measured, but not seen directly
D) both be seen and measured directly

Question 34

For Freud, instinctual drives such as sex and aggression are contained in the ______.

A) the ego
B) the conscious
C) the superego
D) the id

Question 35

For Freud, the psychic structure that begins to develop during the first year of life is called the ______.

A) ego
B) libido
C) superego
D) id

Question 36

For Freud, which psychic structure is described as a "chaos, a cauldron of seething excitations," conflicting emotions, and desires for instant gratification of primitive urges?

A) the ego
B) the libido
C) the superego
D) the id

Question 37

According to Freud, the psychic structure that tries to find gratification while avoiding social disapproval is the ______.

A) the ego
B) the libido
C) the superego
D) the id

Question 38

For Freud, the Cookie Monster on television's Sesame Street would most closely represent which psychic structure?

A) the ego
B) the libido
C) the superego
D) the id

Question 39

For Freud, the principle that seeks instant gratification of instinctual demands without regard to social consequences or the needs of others is the ______ principle.

A) reality
B) pleasure
C) Peter
D) moral

Question 40

According to Freud, the psychic structure that is rational, logical, and makes plans for satisfying basic needs that are in keeping with social convention is the ______.

A) ego
B) libido
C) superego
D) id

Question 41

In psychodynamic theory, the unconscious assumption of another person's behavior, usually the behavior of the parent of the same gender, is ______.

A) a reaction formation
B) catharsis
C) displacement
D) identification

Question 42

An unconscious function of the ego that protects it from anxiety-evoking material by preventing accurate recognition of this material is, according to Freud, a(n) ______.

A) cognitive schema
B) fixation
C) defense mechanism
D) archetype

Question 43

According to Freud, a person's conscious sense of self, or self-awareness, is located in the ______.

A) libido
B) ego
C) superego
D) id

Question 44

According to Freud, the ego is ______.

A) fully unconscious
B) mostly unconscious
C) mostly conscious
D) fully conscious

Question 45

The return, under stress, to a form of behavior characteristic of an earlier (younger) stage of development is ______.

A) projection
B) displacement
C) repression
D) regression

Question 46

According to Freud, the principle that seeks to find socially acceptable ways to meet the instinctive needs of the id is the ______ principle.

A) reality
B) pleasure
C) Peter
D) moral

Question 47

The ejection of anxiety-evoking ideas from conscious awareness is called ______.

A) denial
B) repression
C) regression
D) suppression

Question 48

A student forgets that he has an important, but difficult test that day in his psychology class. This is an example of ______.

A) denial
B) regression
C) repression
D) suppression

Question 49

A little boy feels guilty after stealing a toy from his next-door neighbor. The psychic structure responsible for his feelings, according to Freud, is the ______.

A) ego
B) libido
C) superego
D) id

Question 50

According to Freud, the psychic structure that might best represent the rational, planning, thinking "adult" in you would be the ______.

A) the ego
B) the libido
C) the superego
D) the id

Question 51

According to Freud, the psychic structure that functions according to moral standards and values learned from parents and significant others in a person's life is the ______.

A) ego
B) libido
C) superego
D) id

Question 52

According to Freud, the part of personality that acts as a censor that screens the impulses of the id is the ______.

A) superego
B) self
C) ego
D) persona

Question 53

According to Freud, the superego is ______.

A) the primitive, instinctive part of personality
B) the logical, rational, thinking part of personality
C) the part of personality we show to others in social situations
D) the moral guardian of personality

Question 54

According to Freud, our conscience lies in the ______.

A) ego
B) libido
C) superego
D) id

Question 55

According to Freud, the superego incorporates the moral standards of parents and significant others through ______.

A) identification
B) repression
C) subliminal perception
D) projection

Question 56

A person who has hurt people close to him cannot recall his identity or any information concerning his personal life. This is an example of ______.

A) denial
B) repression
C) projection
D) suppression

Question 57

According to Freud, the ego operates under the ______ principle.

A) reality
B) moral
C) informed consent
D) pleasure

Question 58

According to Freud, the psychic structure that might best represent the judgmental "parent" in you, constantly telling you what you should or should not do, is the ______.

A) the ego
B) the libido
C) the superego
D) the id

Question 59

A college student spends an entire evening trying to logically sort out the pros and cons of a job offer she has just received. According to Freud, the psychic structure responsible for this type of mental activity is the ______.

A) id
B) ego
C) libido
D) superego

Question 60

According to Freud, the psychic structure that develops later during early childhood is the ______.

A) ego
B) libido
C) superego
D) id

Question 61

Smiling and acting sickeningly sweet while on the inside you are a seething hotbed of hostility and frustration is an example of ______.

A) projection
B) sublimation
C) rationalization
D) a reaction formation

Question 62

Self-deceiving excuses or justifications used to explain unacceptable behavior that exonerate us from blame and guilt are examples of ______.

A) projection
B) rationalization
C) reaction formation
D) displacement

Question 63

The process of blaming others for your own unacceptable impulses or claiming that others harbor those impulses is ______.

A) a reaction formation
B) rationalization
C) sublimation
D) projection

Question 64

A man justified raping a woman by claiming she was dressed provocatively. This is an example of ______.

A) displacement
B) rationalization
C) a reaction formation
D) projection

Question 65

A hostile person develops delusions that others are attempting to destroy him. This is an example of ______.

A) denial
B) projection
C) rationalization
D) a reaction formation

Question 66

A child who is yelled at by her parents for misbehaving turns and throws her toys at the wall, yelling, "Bad toys!" This is an example of ______.

A) displacement
B) rationalization
C) a reaction formation
D) projection

Question 67

A man explains his cheating on his income taxes by saying, "Everyone does it! I just got caught!" This is an example of ______.

A) projection
B) denial
C) a reaction formation
D) rationalization

Question 68

A woman who is frustrated at work comes home and kills her family. This is an extreme example of ______.

A) a reaction formation
B) displacement
C) sublimation
D) projection

Question 69

A person claims that his house is NOT in danger from the rising flood waters of a nearby river and refuses to leave, despite being in imminent danger of being drowned. This is an example of ______.

A) projection
B) denial
C) repression
D) rationalization

Question 70

Assumption of a behavior in opposition to one's genuine impulses in order to keep those impulses buried is ______.

A) projection
B) sublimation
C) rationalization
D) a reaction formation

Question 71

An adult becomes highly dependent on his parents after the breakup of his marriage. This is an example of ______.

A) a reaction formation
B) displacement
C) regression
D) repression

Question 72

The channeling of primitive impulses into positive, constructive efforts is ______.

A) displacement
B) a reaction formation
C) sublimation
D) repression

Question 73

A man goes on an impulsive, expensive shopping spree and then tries to justify it to his wife by saying, "Honey, I saved us a fortune because everything was on sale!" He is using the defense mechanism of ______.

A) projection
B) rationalization
C) reaction formation
D) displacement

Question 74

A sexually frustrated woman claims that sex is evil and then interprets the innocent gestures of others as sexual advances. She then claims her own sexual desires stem from these "advances" made by others. This defense mechanism is ______.

A) projection
B) rationalization
C) sublimation
D) reaction formation

Question 75

A six-year-old child begins bedwetting and starts sucking his thumb after the birth of a baby sister. This is an example of ______.

A) a reaction formation
B) sublimation
C) repression
D) regression

Question 76

Refusal to accept the true nature of a threat is ______.

A) sublimation
B) rationalization
C) denial
D) repression

Question 77

Smokers who refuse to believe that cigarettes may increase their risk of developing cancer are using the defense mechanism of ______.

A) projection
B) rationalization
C) repression
D) denial

Question 78

A conservative woman who cannot accept her sexual desires goes on a holy crusade to ban pornography. This is an example of ______.

A) a reaction formation
B) rationalization
C) projection
D) sublimation

Question 79

A man who is scolded by his boss and then yells at the employees who work for him, rather than the boss who upset him in the first place, is using the defense mechanism of ______.

A) projection
B) a reaction formation
C) sublimation
D) displacement

Question 80

The transfer of impulses and ideas from threatening or unsuitable objects to "safer" and less threatening objects is ______.

A) displacement
B) a reaction formation
C) sublimation
D) projection