Deck 14: Time, Money, Studying, Tests: Meeting the Challenges of Daily Life

Question 1

According to your text, the major reason for working is ______.

A) economic
B) for social approval
C) status and power
D) self-fulfillment

Answer 1

economic

Question 2

Each of the following is a factor psychologists have identified in explaining how adolescents choose a career EXCEPT ______.

A) competencies
B) fantasies
C) comprehension
D) expectancies

Answer 2

fantasies

Question 3

Reed works because he has a family to feed and a mortgage to pay. His reasons for working are primarily ______.

A) idealistic
B) extrinsic
C) active
D) intrinsic

Answer 3

extrinsic

Question 4

Each of the following is true EXCEPT ______.

A) in today's society, our sense of self has little to do with the work that we do
B) if you work full time, chances are that you spend more time with your coworkers and supervisors than with your family and friends
C) work provides a sense of personal fulfillment for many of us
D) work fills time and provides us with opportunities to fill our lives in other ways

Question 5

A person who thinks as follows: "I AM a lawyer" or I AM a nurse" is focusing on which intrinsic value for working?

A) self-worth
B) self-identity
C) self-fulfillment
D) the work ethic

Question 6

Motives involving the pursuit of external rewards, such as money or approval, are ______ motives.

A) peripheral
B) intrinsic
C) tertiary
D) extrinsic

Question 7

Adherents of the work ethic view life without work, even for the financially independent, as ______.

A) justifiable
B) in poor taste
C) unethical
D) the American dream

Question 8

People who choose a job or career because it offers them opportunities to express personal needs, interests, and values through their work have focused on which of the following motivations for working?

A) self-worth
B) self-identity
C) self-fulfillment
D) the work ethic

Question 9

Samantha works because she likes the intellectual challenge of her job and the sense of accomplishment she feels after successfully completing a work assignment. Her reasons for working are primarily ______.

A) pragmatic
B) extrinsic
C) active
D) intrinsic

Question 10

Motives involving the pursuit of internal goals, such as self-satisfaction, are ______ motives.

A) central
B) intrinsic
C) primary
D) extrinsic

Question 11

Which of the following is an intrinsic motive for working?

A) the work ethic
B) a paycheck
C) fringe benefits
D) security in old age

Question 12

The work ethic, self-identity, and self-fulfillment are all examples of ______ motives for working.

A) idealistic
B) extrinsic
C) active
D) intrinsic

Question 13

The belief that we are morally obligated to engage in productive labor and to avoid idleness and laziness is called ______.

A) philanthropy
B) the work ethic
C) the blue-collar mentality
D) the Golden Rule

Question 14

Paychecks, fringe benefits, and security in old age all represent ______ motives for working.

A) active
B) extrinsic
C) intrinsic
D) idealistic

Question 15

People who work because doing a job well makes them feel good about themselves and their work improves their attitude about themselves are focusing on which intrinsic motive for working?

A) self-worth
B) self-identity
C) self-fulfillment
D) the work ethic

Question 16

Which of the following is an extrinsic motive for working?

A) the work ethic
B) self-fulfillment
C) security in old age
D) self-worth

Question 17

According to your text, usually the first question raised in small talk at social gatherings is ______.

A) "What do you do?"
B) "Where are you from?"
C) "How do you do?"
D) "Why did you move here?"

Question 18

Most people ______.

A) choose careers that directly mimic the careers of their parents
B) carefully plan out their careers based on self-appraisals of their perceived abilities and personality traits
C) carefully plan out their careers based on extensive psychological testing and guidance from career counselors
D) basically fall into their careers based on what is available at the time

Question 19

The Dictionary of Occupational Titles lists about ______ occupations.

A) 5,000
B) 10,000
C) 15,000
D) 20,000

Question 20

Which of the following is an extrinsic motive for working?

A) the work ethic
B) self-fulfillment
C) a paycheck
D) self-worth

Question 21

Each of the following is true of a résumé EXCEPT ______.

A) it should have a photograph of you attached to it
B) it is intended to convince a hiring manager that you are well qualified for the position for which you are applying
C) it should be kept to one page, if at all possible
D) it should be neat, complete, legible, and compatible with the job's requirements

Question 22

Donald Super is known for his theory of ______.

A) work motivation
B) job productivity
C) career development
D) leadership

Question 23

When you send your résumé in to a company, the people screening it will most likely see it in which of the following orders?

A) hiring officer, secretary, personnel manager
B) secretary, personnel manager, hiring officer
C) secretary, hiring officer, personnel manager
D) personnel manager, hiring officer, secretary

Question 24

Your résumé should consist of each of the following EXCEPT ______.

A) a summary of your educational background
B) a summary of your work experience
C) your salary/pay and benefits expectations
D) a list of references

Question 25

Chad is 32 years old. He is a rising executive at a public-relations firm. He feels that he has really "settled in" to his career now and seeks a bright future ahead. According to Super, he is in the ______ stage of vocational development.

A) fantasy
B) tentative choice
C) realistic choice
D) maintenance

Question 26

According to your text, you may want to omit the ______ from your résumé.

A) heading
B) educational information
C) statement of your job objectives
D) personal information

Question 27

A ______ is a summary of your background that is intended to convince a hiring manager that you are qualified for the position and that interviewing you will be a worthwhile investment.

A) cover letter
B) reference list
C) résumé
D) heading

Question 28

Workers are most likely to get "trapped" in a dead-end job during Super's _______ stage of vocational development.

A) fantasy
B) tentative choice
C) realistic choice
D) maintenance

Question 29

Which of the following is NOT a required component of a cover letter listed in your text?

A) an explanation of the purpose of the letter
B) a statement that references will be sent upon request
C) a request for an interview or other response to the letter
D) a statement of desired salary and geographic limitations

Question 30

Chad is 20 years old and in his sophomore year in college. He has really narrowed down his career choices to a couple of specialty areas in which there are lucrative positions that will allow him to do things in which he is interested. He has changed his major so that it fits the career direction he is heading toward. According to Super, he is in the ______ stage of vocational development.

A) fantasy
B) tentative choice
C) realistic choice
D) maintenance

Question 31

People who work because it helps them define their function in their community and/or their families are focusing on which intrinsic motive for working?

A) self-worth
B) social role
C) self-fulfillment
D) the work ethic

Question 32

Beyond age 17 or so, vocational choices tend to become ______ narrowed and ______ realistic.

A) less; less
B) less; more
C) more; less
D) more; more

Question 33

Each of the following is true EXCEPT ______.

A) most workers today put in their time until age 65 in the hope of retirement
B) today it is the norm, rather than the exception, for people to switch jobs more than once
C) vocational interests are more stable than personality traits over time
D) many workers seek fulfillment in the workplace and remain ambitious often into late adulthood

Question 34

Chad is in high school. He is in the process of narrowing down his career choices. He is thinking about being an artist because he has artistic talent and he likes art, but he isn't sure about many of the specifics involved in becoming a professional artist. According to Super, he is in the ______ stage of vocational development.

A) fantasy
B) tentative choice
C) realistic choice
D) maintenance

Question 35

Each of the following should be included in your cover letter EXCEPT ______.

A) an explanation of the purpose of the letter
B) a summary of your educational background
C) a request for an interview or other response to the letter
D) a statement of desired salary and geographic limitations

Question 36

Which of the following is the correct sequential order for the stages of Super's theory of vocational development?

A) fantasy, realistic choice, tentative choice, career change, maintenance, retirement
B) tentative choice, career change, fantasy, realistic choice, maintenance, retirement
C) fantasy, realistic choice, maintenance, tentative choice, career change, retirement
D) fantasy, tentative choice, realistic choice, maintenance, career change, retirement

Question 37

Chad is 10 years old. He wants to be an astronaut. He bases his choice on his vision of the thrill of riding in a rocket ship. According to Super, he is in the ______ stage of vocational development.

A) fantasy
B) tentative choice
C) realistic choice
D) maintenance

Question 38

Women interviewers rate applicants who wear perfume or cologne ______, and male interviewers rate them ______.

A) negatively, negatively
B) positively, negatively
C) negatively, positively
D) positively, positively

Question 39

People who work primarily because it introduces them to friends, lovers, or even challenging adversaries are focusing on which intrinsic motive for working?

A) social roles
B) self-fulfillment
C) the work ethic
D) the social values of work

Question 40

A job interview is ______.

A) neither a social occasion nor a test
B) a social occasion, not a test
C) a test, not a social occasion
D) both a social occasion and a test

Question 41

Workers are LEAST satisfied with which of the following aspects of their jobs?

A) their co-workers
B) the amount of vacation time
C) the flexibility of their work schedules
D) pay

Question 42

According to research by Murphy & Ensher (2001), you are more likely to be satisfied with a job and succeed at it if you ______.

A) have a high IQ
B) have a great deal of street smarts
C) know how to "schmooze" properly
D) find a mentor

Question 43

Each of the following is true EXCEPT ______.

A) job satisfaction depends more on the job duties than the worker's personality
B) genetic factors may influence whether people are satisfied with their jobs
C) a person's attributional style affects job satisfaction
D) a sense of personal control is important to job satisfaction

Question 44

Evidence on efforts to increase the quality of work life for workers indicates that they ______.

A) make workers happier, but have little impact on productivity or worker commitment to the company
B) typically have not worked. Workers were no happier and productivity did not increase
C) often result in increases in productivity
D) cost too much for the slight gains in productivity they produce

Question 45

Control at work is an important element of ______.

A) job satisfaction, but not employees' health and sense of well-being
B) employees' health and sense of well-being, but not job satisfaction
C) employees' health and job satisfaction, but not their sense of well-being
D) employees' job satisfaction, health, and sense of well-being

Question 46

According to your text, you should do each of the following in an interview EXCEPT ______.

A) maintain alert, but friendly eye contact with the interviewer
B) try to anticipate the interviewer's questions
C) try to do most of the talking in the interview
D) look your best

Question 47

Which of the following is NOT one of the developmental tasks in taking a job discussed in your text?

A) finding ways to delegate responsibilities and job tasks
B) making the transition from school to the workplace
C) accepting responsibility for your job tasks and functions
D) finding a mentor to "show you the ropes"

Question 48

Increased job satisfaction is associated with ______ employee absenteeism and ______ employee turnover.

A) lower, lower
B) higher, lower
C) lower, higher
D) higher, higher

Question 49

Workers are MOST satisfied with which of the following aspects of their jobs?

A) their co-workers
B) the amount of vacation time
C) the flexibility of their work schedules
D) the stress on the job

Question 50

The workers most likely to report feelings of alienation and dissatisfaction on the job are ______.

A) corporate executives
B) assembly-line workers
C) front-line supervisors
D) office workers

Question 51

The degree to which workers have positive feelings toward their jobs is ______.

A) worker optimism
B) job enrichment
C) job satisfaction
D) job synergy

Question 52

Male interviewers rate men who wear cologne ______, and women who wear perfume ______.

A) negatively, negatively
B) positively, negatively
C) negatively, positively
D) positively, positively

Question 53

According to a 1999 Gallup survey, of the following, workers are LEAST satisfied with ______.

A) the amount of stress on the job
B) their retirement plan
C) the recognition they receive for their work
D) their health insurance benefits

Question 54

Workers who have ______ attributional style prefer to have someone else take control of their jobs.

A) a positive
B) a negative
C) a stable
D) an unstable

Question 55

Each of the following is related to greater job satisfaction EXCEPT ______.

A) a sunny disposition
B) emotional stability
C) a high IQ
D) life satisfaction in general

Question 56

According to a 1999 Gallup survey, of the following, workers are MOST satisfied with ______.

A) the amount of stress on the job
B) family and medical leave benefits
C) the recognition they receive for their work
D) promotion opportunities

Question 57

Assembly line workers feel that they have ______.

A) no power or control over their own jobs or what the organization does
B) some power and control over their own jobs, but none over what the organization does
C) some power and control over their jobs and what the organization does, but not enough
D) a large degree of power and control over both their jobs and what the organization does, thanks to the power of their labor unions

Question 58

According to your text, the sense of power and control on the job of assembly-line workers is ______.

A) zero
B) moderately low
C) moderately high
D) extremely high

Question 59

Increased job satisfaction is associated with ______ employee turnover and ______ productivity.

A) lower, lower
B) higher, lower
C) lower, higher
D) higher, higher

Question 60

When workers have a sense of personal control over what they do, they are ______ likely to be satisfied and are ______ to remain in their jobs.

A) less, less
B) less, more
C) more, less
D) more, more

Question 61

According to your text, which of the following workers is most likely to receive the worst evaluation from a supervisor?

A) a well-liked worker who works hard but makes mistakes
B) an unliked worker who works hard and but doesn't do the job well
C) a well-liked worker who doesn't work very hard but does the job well
D) an unliked worker who doesn't work hard but does the job well

Question 62

Wilhelm is physically and psychologically exhausted. His total lack of mental and physical energy is due to constantly overcommitting himself to his work. He is suffering from what most psychologists call ______.

A) the phi phenomenon
B) role ambiguity
C) role overload
D) burnout

Question 63

Which of the following is NOT a category of stressors in the workplace discussed in your text?

A) physical environment
B) individual stressors
C) emotional stressors
D) organizational stressors

Question 64

According to your text, when evaluating employees, supervisors tend to focus LEAST on which of the following?

A) employee attitude
B) employee effort
C) employee success at achieving targeted behaviors
D) how likable or personable the employee is

Question 65

Methods such as improved recruitment and placement, training and instruction, goal setting, and work redesign have resulted in ______.

A) no gains in either worker satisfaction or productivity
B) improved worker satisfaction, but no gains in productivity
C) improved productivity, but no gains in worker satisfaction
D) improvements in worker satisfaction and productivity

Question 66

______ criticism is necessary for workers to improve.

A) Neither constructive nor destructive
B) Constructive, but not destructive
C) Destructive, but not constructive
D) Both constructive and destructive

Question 67

Edgar faces too many competing demands for his time. He feels pulled in about nine different directions at once, and doesn't have the time or energy to meet any of the competing demands he is facing. He is experiencing ______.

A) role conflict
B) role ambiguity
C) role overload
D) role diffusion

Question 68

Increased job satisfaction is associated with ______ employee absenteeism and ______ productivity.

A) lower, lower
B) higher, lower
C) lower, higher
D) higher, higher

Question 69

Each of the following is true of people who are at high risk of developing burnout EXCEPT ______.

A) they tend to be incompetent and inefficient in their work habits
B) they are often workaholics who overextend themselves
C) they tend to be the most dedicated workers
D) they often have high levels of role ambiguity, role overload, or role conflict

Question 70

Edgar is exhausted from constantly trying to be all things to all people. He tries to please everyone no matter how unsure he is of what they really want from him. He is experiencing ______.

A) role conflict
B) role ambiguity
C) role overload
D) role diffusion

Question 71

A "mother's shift," four 10-hour day work weeks, and scheduling someone's hours around other outside commitments are all examples of ______.

A) work redesign
B) peripheral timing
C) stimulus control
D) flextime

Question 72

A modification of one's work schedule from the standard 9 a.m. to 5 p.m. to meet personal needs is called ______.

A) comp time
B) flextime
C) a rotating shift
D) horizontal job loading

Question 73

According to your text, unfair financial compensation or financial compensation that rewards the unproductive as much or more than the productive workers results in ______.

A) higher productivity, despite worker dissatisfaction
B) increased desire by employees to move into management
C) no measurable effect on employees
D) demoralization of employees

Question 74

According to your text, which of the following workers is most likely to receive the best evaluation from a supervisor?

A) a well-liked worker who works hard but makes mistakes
B) an unliked worker who works hard and does the job well
C) a well-liked worker who doesn't work very hard but does the job well
D) an unliked worker who doesn't work hard and makes mistakes

Question 75

Which of the following is NOT a category of outcomes of stress in the workplace?

A) subjective
B) objective
C) cognitive
D) health

Question 76

The link between productivity and job satisfaction is ______.

A) nonexistent
B) modest
C) moderately strong
D) extremely strong

Question 77

Quality circles appear to ______.

A) make workers more rebellious and less conforming to the goals set by management
B) improve worker commitment but have little effect on productivity
C) have little positive or negative effect on worker commitment or productivity
D) improve worker commitment and productivity by giving workers a sense of control over their jobs

Question 78

Which types of goals appears to enhance productivity the most?

A) easy, nonchallenging goals that require little effort
B) moderate but nonchallenging goals
C) high, challenging, but attainable goals
D) goals slightly higher than what is really attainable, which always push workers to try a little harder, no matter how hard they actually try

Question 79

Edgar is constantly trying to do too many things for his available time because he just can't say no to anyone. He keeps promising he will tell the next person no, but when that person asks for his help, he caves in. He is experiencing ______.

A) role conflict
B) role ambiguity
C) role overload
D) role diffusion

Question 80

A regularly scheduled meeting in which workers discuss problems and suggest solutions in order to enhance the quality of products is called a ______.

A) rotary meeting
B) quality circle
C) staff meeting
D) roundtable