Deck 13: Personality

Question 1

Freud identified three central forces in personality development. Which force controls our moral limits?

A) Id
B) Superego
C) Ego
D) Unconscious

Answer 1

Superego

Question 2

Jung argued that the unconscious drives our behavior towards joy, creativity, and internal harmony.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Which of the following is/are a stage(s) of Freud's psychosexual stages of development?

A) Oral
B) Anal
C) Phallic
D) All of the above

Answer 3

All of the above

Question 4

Unlike Freud, Adler was interested in how feelings of __________, stemming from childhood experiences, motivate behavior.

Question 5

What type of energy fuels the id?

Question 6

Name and describe our most basic defense mechanism according to Freud.

Question 7

The search for __________ is a central theme of Jung's theory.

Question 8

Describe Maslow's concept of "self-actualization".

Question 9

The unconscious or deepest level of the mind contains the greatest amount of content.

Question 10

An individual who is considered mentally healthy may become fixated at a particular stage and suffer no adverse consequences.

Question 11

Which of the following statements describes a key weakness of psychoanalytic theory?

A) None of Freud's patients were ever helped.
B) It generalizes to everyone.
C) It is derived from Freud's sexist beliefs.
D) It lacks predictive power.

Question 12

Describe how Freud conceptualized the ego.

Question 13

What was Adler's school of psychology called?

Question 14

Name and describe the 2 parts of the unconscious mind identified by Jung.

Question 15

According to Freud, what are defense mechanisms?

Question 16

Describe basic anxiety according to Horney.

Question 17

A boy entering the phallic stage may begin to feel sexual attraction towards his mother. This is referred to as the __________ complex.

Question 18

Freud's observations were based on a very small and select group of upper-class individuals from Vienna.

Question 19

According to Jung, what form do shared memories from the collective unconscious take on?

A) Free will
B) Emotions
C) Archetypes
D) Personal unconscious

Question 20

The id and our most instinctual impulses are governed by the __________ principle.

Question 21

According to Freud, the preconscious

A) is the reservoir of sexual and aggressive instincts.
B) cannot be accessed except through dreams.
C) contains mental content that can be brought into the conscious mind.
D) is occupied mostly by the id.

Question 22

Which part of the personality operates on the reality principle?

A) conscience
B) id
C) ego
D) superego

Question 23

The _____ operates on the reality principle; the _____operates on the morality principle; the ______operates on the pleasure principle.

A) id; ego; superego
B) ego; superego; id
C) superego; ego; id
D) ego; id; superego

Question 24

In Freud's view, the personality forms as the result of the struggle between

A) conscious and unconscious processes.
B) primal needs and social or moral restraints.
C) the individual and other people.
D) biological drives and intellectual abilities.

Question 25

Moments when people experience intense clarity of perception, feelings of joy, and a suspended sense of time are known as __________.

Question 26

The correct order of Freud's psychosexual stages is

A) oral, latency, genital, anal, phallic.
B) oral, anal phallic, genital, latency.
C) oral, anal, genital, phallic, latency.
D) oral, anal, phallic, latency, genital.

Question 27

What type of therapy did Rogers develop?

Question 28

Peak experiences describe the sexual stage of orgasm.

Question 29

According to Freud, the most basic human drives are

A) libido and morality.
B) conscious and unconscious.
C) sex and aggression.
D) pleasure and reality

Question 30

Stephanie snooped through her boyfriend's desk because she thought he was cheating on her. She didn't find anything suspicious and wishes she hadn't done it. Now, Stephanie is having trouble sleeping. Which part of the personality is keeping Stephanie awake?

A) Id
B) Ego
C) Superego
D) It's hard to say, since the behavior is unconscious.

Question 31

If the ego is not able to find compromises between the id and the superego, what is likely to happen, according to Freud?

A) The needs of the id will win out.
B) The conscience and the superego will win out.
C) The ego will repress everything.
D) The person may become neurotic.

Question 32

Unlike Freud, Maslow believed that we could learn a great deal about human behavior by studying which group?

A) Depressed individuals
B) Well-adjusted people
C) Children
D) Women

Question 33

Which of the following is primarily associated with consciousness?

A) The libido
B) The id
C) The superego
D) The ego

Question 34

Mary has been studying for a long time. She is hungry and tired. Eventually, she closes her books, eats something, and goes to bed. The part of the personality that influenced her behavior is the This is a bad question - the fact that she has been studying for a long time even though she is hungry and tired suggests ego (reality principle).

A) conscious.
B) ego.
C) id.
D) superego.

Question 35

In a healthy personality, Freud believed that

A) The superego chooses the best course of action, taking into account the reality of the situation.
B) The ego stops the id from satisfying its impulses.
C) The id, ego, and superego are equally powerful.
D) the ego acts as a mediator between the id and the superego.

Question 36

Which of the following is FALSE about the id?

A) It has the ability to delay gratification when necessary.
B) It is present from birth.
C) It operates on the pleasure principle.
D) It is fueled by the libido

Question 37

Lee sees a sexually appealing person. Lee's id wants to engage in a sexual relationship with the person. Which of the following will Lee's ego likely "say" to the id?

A) Great idea - let's do it!
B) No. You can't do it.
C) Wait a minute; we have to go on a few dates first.
D) Shame on you; what are you thinking?

Question 38

Describe the concept Rogers termed as "unconditional positive regard".

Question 39

The reality principle states that

A) it is not always possible or acceptable to have all desires met.
B) the ego's job is to keep the personality from losing touch with reality.
C) unconscious forces are realistically always going to have an effect on personality.
D) having to deal with other people is a reality of human existence.

Question 40

The superego's view of which behaviors are acceptable is based on

A) an understanding of society's laws.
B) an internalization of values that are unconsciously adopted.
C) a desire to avoid punishment.
D) universal standards of moral behavior.

Question 41

According to Carl Rogers, we need __________ in order to develop a healthy self-concept.

A) conditions of worth
B) positive psychology
C) unconditional positive regard
D) self actualization

Question 42

Adler believed that

A) humans have not only a personal unconscious, but also a collective unconscious.
B) Freud's concept of penis envy was more accurately described as social envy.
C) conscious thoughts were more important to human behavior than sexual needs.
D) humans are basically good and work towards self-actualization.

Question 43

Maslow believed that we can learn the most about the human condition by

A) studying healthy well-adjusted people.
B) studying those with psychological problems.
C) paying attention to the unconscious symbols in our collective ancestry.
D) creating an atmosphere of openness, honesty, and freedom from judgment.

Question 44

Twenty year old Sasha smokes and drinks a lot, and tends to be verbally aggressive and sarcastic. Sasha is most likely fixated at the ______stage

A) anal
B) genital
C) phallic
D) oral

Question 45

The latency period is characterized by

A) the repression of sexual impulses.
B) the need to avoid becoming fixated.
C) the development of castration anxiety in the boy and penis envy in the girl.
D) excessive neatness or stubbornness.

Question 46

According to Freud, defense mechanisms are used to

A) protect us from anxiety.
B) resolve conflicts between the id and the superego.
C) prevent us from becoming fixated at various stages.
D) help us resolve our unconscious conflicts.

Question 47

George and Harry are two little boys who take pleasure in tormenting little creatures. When they grow up, George becomes an exterminator and Harry goes to work for an animal activist organization. As adults, George is using the defense mechanism _______ and Harry is using the defense mechanism________.

A) repression; reaction formation
B) denial; sublimaton
C) sublimation; rationalization
D) sublimation; reaction formation

Question 48

Which of the following conflict is correctly matched with the stage?

A) phallic; identification with the same sex parent.
B) latency; repression of sexual impulses.
C) anal; weaning
D) genital; attraction to opposite sex parent.

Question 49

According to Jung, the coherent whole that results from integrating the conscious and unconscious minds is called the

A) collective unconscious.
B) self.
C) archetype.
D) psychodynamic imperative.

Question 50

Much of the criticism of Freud's theory stems from the fact that

A) he spent too much time talking about sexual issues.
B) his theory is difficult to test.
C) Freud overestimated how much influence parents had on child development.
D) most psychologists do not believe in unconscious processes.

Question 51

The full use and exploitation of talents, capacities, and potentialities is called

A) a peak experience.
B) self-concept.
C) unconditional positive regard.
D) self-actualization.

Question 52

Phillip works for a large corporation. He is suspicious of his male boss and puts a lot of effort into proving that he is better than his male coworkers. Which of the following is most likely Philips problem?

A) Philip has penis envy.
B) Philip is fixated at the latency stage.
C) Philip is fixated at the phallic stage.
D) Philip is neurotic

Question 53

Which of the following people is most clearly using the defense mechanism projection?

A) Carolyn, who yells at her husband after she had a bad day at work.
B) Cody, who justifies his problem drinking by saying "I'm just being sociable."
C) Matthew, who is wrestling with his own sexual identity and makes derogatory remarks about any man he suspects of being gay.
D) Jasmine, who yells and gestures at other drivers who are "in her way."

Question 54

Gracie is pregnant, but her boyfriend has deserted her. She really doesn't want this baby, but she doesn't believe in abortion, so she has the baby and keeps it. After the baby is born, Gracie turns into "supermom" and spends all her energies on the baby and tells everyone she meets how much she loves her child. Which defense mechanism is Gracie using?

A) Displacement
B) Reaction formation
C) Denial
D) Regression

Question 55

__________is a pleasure-producing area of the body.

A) An erogenous zone.
B) A psychosexual stage.
C) An Oedipus complex.
D) A fixation

Question 56

The Oedipus complex happens to ____ at the ____ stage of development.

A) girls; gential
B) girls; phallic
C) boys; genital
D) boys; phallic

Question 57

Rogers and Maslow are similar in that

A) they both believe that human nature is basically positive.
B) they both emphasize the role that parents play in developing self-concept.
C) they both believe that individuals grow as a result of peak experiences.
D) they both believe that we strive to overcome inferiority.

Question 58

Which of the following theorists believed that cultural differences play a more important role in development than Freud acknowledged?

A) Rogers
B) Jung
C) Adler
D) Horney

Question 59

According to Carl Jung, archetypes are

A) symbols and images that appear in all cultures.
B) the root cause of basic anxiety.
C) a storehouse of memories shared by all humans.
D) a result of our attempts to overcome inferiority.

Question 60

Maryann forgot her dentist's appointment, even though the dentist's office reminded her the day before. Maryann is most clearly using

A) repression.
B) intellectualization.
C) denial.
D) rationalization.

Question 61

What lifespan findings are associated with the personality trait of conscientiousness?

Question 62

Describe Eysenck's 3 superfactors of personality.

Question 63

Blake's friends describe him as outgoing, sociable, assertive, and impulsive. Which of Eysenck's superfactors does he most likely possess?

A) Extraversion
B) Introversion
C) Neuroticism
D) Psychoticism

Question 64

Observational learning or __________ is a process by which children learn to respond to particular situations.

Question 65

What statistical method did Eysenck use to study personality traits?

Question 66

All of the following represent problems with humanistic theories except

A) they are overly positive and ignore psychological dysfunction.
B) they put too much emphasis on the conflict within the personality.
C) they contain abstract concepts that are difficult to test.
D) they are overly simplistic.

Question 67

What acronym is useful for remembering the components of the five-factor model, and what does each letter stand for?

Question 68

Research with twins and studies of hormones and blood pressure suggest that __________ factors are linked to Eysenck's superfactors at least to some degree.

Question 69

Researchers have found that people tend to display the characteristic of __________ with a great degree of stability across similar situations.

Question 70

Shane is often described as a person who is critical, suspicious, and uncooperative. He often makes those around him feel uncomfortable. Shane would would most likely obtain a particularly low score on which of the following five personality factors?

A) Agreeableness
B) Extraversion
C) Neuroticism
D) Introversion
E) Openness

Question 71

Interactionism focuses on how people and situations interact.

Question 72

Define disposition-situation consistency.

Question 73

Using the five-factor model, analyze your own personality by specifying how you believe your friends may label you for each of the five attributes.

Question 74

Central traits affect a broad range of individuals' behavior.

Question 75

Allport believed that psychologists should investigate __________ motives before delving into the unconscious.

Question 76

Cross-cultural research suggests that Eysenck's superfactors occur across many different cultures.

Question 77

Explain how modeling and self-efficacy influence personality?

Question 78

Although the five-factor model of personality generally supports Eysenck's theory, it does not include the factor of psychoticism.

Question 79

According to Skinner, what we call personality is simply consistency of what tendencies?

A) Environmental
B) Response
C) Latent
D) Situational

Question 80

Define situationism.