Deck 17: Treatment of Psychological Disorders

Question 1

In psychoanalytic theory,any statement made by the therapist that is intended to help the client gain insight into their behaviour or dynamics is called:

A) an explanation
B) a clarification
C) an explication
D) an interpolation
E) an interpretation

Answer 1

an interpretation

Question 2

Dr.Sherman is working in a clinic with children with developmental delays and decides to implement a new program to encourage more positive behaviour.Whenever children engage in specific behaviour (such as saying,"Thank you," taking turns with a friend,and cooperating with another child on a project),they are rewarded with stickers that can later be turned in for various prizes that they enjoy.Dr.Sherman is using which of the following therapeutic techniques?

A) higher order classical conditioning
B) modeling
C) negative reinforcement
D) a token economy
E) unconditional positive regard

Answer 2

a token economy

Question 3

Helping people achieve great insight,which is an awareness of the underlying dynamics of their problems,is the primary therapeutic goal of:

A) humanistic therapy
B) cognitive therapy
C) behaviour modification
D) psychoanalysis
E) Both cognitive therapy and behaviour modification have this as the primary therapeutic goal.

Answer 3

psychoanalysis

Question 4

Many antipsychotic medications achieve their effects by blocking the activity of:

A) serotonin
B) gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)
C) dopamine
D) norepinephrine
E) epinephrine

Question 5

A drug is used to treat a psychological disorder that slows down the synaptic activity in the nervous system by enhancing the postsynaptic activity of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA),a major inhibitory transmitter.It is most likely that this drug is a(n):

A) tricyclic antidepressant
B) selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI)
C) antipsychotic drug
D) anti-anxiety drug
E) none of these

Question 6

When working with a psychotherapy client who is from a different culture,Dr.Johnson uses her knowledge of the person's culture and ethnicity to work with the client,but is careful not to overgeneralize and blindly follow her stereotypes.Which of the following labels best describes Dr.Johnson?

A) Dr.Johnson appears to be culturally insensitive
B) Dr.Johnson appears to be culturally competent
C) Dr.Johnson appears to be ethnically diverse
D) Dr.Johnson appears to be eclectic
E) Dr.Johnson appears to be an interpersonal therapist

Question 7

Which of the following mental health professionals receives his or her training in medical school?

A) a clinical psychologist
B) a psychiatrist
C) a counseling psychologist
D) a marriage and family counselor
E) none of these mental health professionals receive his or her training in medical school

Question 8

Which of the following pays the least amount of attention to internal factors such as thoughts,feelings,or unconscious dynamics?

A) psychodynamic therapies
B) cognitive therapies
C) humanistic therapies
D) behaviour therapies
E) Gestalt therapies

Question 9

While listening to his client talk about her favourite memories from childhood,Dr.Yang begins to notice that whenever his patient's thoughts approach her sister,she quickly changes the topic and talks about something else.When Dr.Yang begins probing her memories and thoughts about her sister,his client starts missing therapy appointments often cancelling without notice.This defensive manoeuvre is known as _________________.

A) free association
B) transference
C) resistance
D) countertransference
E) modeling

Question 10

Although they are rather similar,one difference between cognitive therapy and rational-emotive therapy is that the former concentrates on automatic thoughts,while the latter is concerned with _____________.

A) irrational thoughts
B) positive thoughts
C) negative feelings
D) irrational feelings
E) controlled thoughts

Question 11

Openness concerns willingness to invest in therapy and to take the risks required to make changes.This is considered to be an important ___________ variable associated with treatment outcomes.

A) client
B) self-relatedness
C) empathy
D) therapist
E) self-monitoring

Question 12

A cingulotomy is a last-resort treatment for obsessive-compulsive disorder and involves:

A) the administration of an electric shock to the brain
B) the administration of anti-anxiety drugs
C) severing a bundle of nerve fibers that connect the frontal lobes with the limbic system
D) inserting an instrument through the eye socket to severe the connection between the frontal lobes and the subcortical structures of the brain
E) severing the corpus callosum

Question 13

All of the following were mentioned by Carl Rogers as important and essential therapist characteristics EXCEPT:

A) empathy
B) congruence
C) unconditional positive regard
D) genuineness
E) all of these are important therapist characteristics according to Carl Rogers

Question 14

This therapy is often conducted in a group format,it sometimes incorporates role playing,and it can be rather confrontational.This is ______________ therapy.

A) client-centered
B) rational-emotive
C) Gestalt
D) behavioural marital
E) cognitive therapy

Question 15

The assumption that psychological disorders are produced by the blockage or frustration of natural tendencies for growth is most consistent with the:

A) humanistic approach
B) psychodynamic approach
C) behavioural approach
D) cognitive approach
E) socio-cognitive approach

Question 16

Which of the following therapies would require that you to see a psychiatrist?

A) behavioural
B) psychodynamic
C) humanistic
D) drug therapy
E) cognitive

Question 17

In a psychotherapy outcome study assessing the effectiveness of a new treatment for agoraphobia,a behavioural therapist would likely be MOST interested in which of the following client measures?

A) therapists' ratings of the clients' anxiety levels
B) the clients' self-reports of anxiety
C) ratings of clients made by their partners
D) direct behavioural observations of the clients
E) the clients' self-reported behavioural changes

Question 18

A company offers its employees a class in stress management and relaxation techniques in the hopes that it will ultimately help employees remain healthier and miss less time at work.Such an intervention program would best be classified as an example of:

A) situation-focused prevention
B) culturally-focused prevention
C) biologically-focused prevention
D) competency-focused prevention
E) relationally-focused prevention

Question 19

Two treatment elements that are combined in the management of all psychological disorders are:

A) medications and psychological techniques
B) transference and countertransference
C) medications and behaviour modification
D) the therapeutic relationship and psychological techniques
E) interpretation and insight

Question 20

As part of a smoking cessation program,Paul receives an injection of a nausea-inducing drug and then is asked to smoke a cigarette.Even though he knows he is receiving the drug,it is hoped that Paul will associate the nausea symptoms with smoking and will thus smoke less.This example best demonstrates the procedures typically used in:

A) aversion therapy
B) electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)
C) negative exposure therapy
D) avoidance therapy
E) cessation therapy

Question 21

Your therapist suggests that it would be a good idea if you try the empty-chair technique in your next session.What kind of therapy are you in?

A) Gestalt
B) token economy
C) rational emotive
D) behavioural
E) mindfulness

Question 22

One of your patients is suffering from a severe disorder and nothing else has worked.Consequently,you recommend electroconvulsive therapy.Most likely,your patient was suffering from

A) depression.
B) schizophrenia.
C) an anxiety disorder.
D) dissociative identity disorder.
E) borderline personality disorder.

Question 23

Let's say that you have a strong fear of flying.To treat this fear,your therapist asks you to imagine being in a plane and flying until you are no longer showing anxiety.Your therapist has just used the technique of

A) transference.
B) flooding.
C) implosion.
D) counterconditioning.
E) aversion therapy.

Question 24

You are interested in pursuing psychodynamic therapy,but you have a time constraint (no more than 20 sessions).Which of the following therapies should you try?

A) psychoanalysis
B) Gestalt therapy
C) mindfulness treatments
D) social skills training
E) interpersonal therapy

Question 25

According Ellis's rational-emotive ABCD model,what does the "C" stand for?

A) cognitions
B) consequences
C) conditioning
D) culture
E) climate

Question 26

Dr.Jordan specializes in dialectical behaviour therapy.Consequently,her clients will most likely have a diagnosis of

A) depression.
B) phobia.
C) schizophrenia.
D) borderline personality disorder.
E) panic disorder.

Question 27

You are treating a patient for unipolar depression and decide to proscribe drugs.In order to minimize any side effects of the drug,your best choice to prescribe would be a(n)

A) MAO inhibitor.
B) tricyclic.
C) antipsychotic.
D) GABA inhibitor.
E) SSRI.

Question 28

Interestingly,it may not matter what type of therapy you actually use.For a wide variety of disorders,outcomes are essentially the same.This finding has been called the

A) significance verdict.
B) placebo effect.
C) dodo bird verdict.
D) dose-response effect.
E) spontaneous verdict.

Question 29

On your regular rounds of the hospital,you notice a patient displaying tardive dyskinesia.Most likely,this patient would be suffering from

A) an anxiety disorder.
B) schizophrenia.
C) unipolar depression.
D) bipolar disorder.
E) dissociative identity disorder.

Question 30

The basic principle behind systematic desensitization is

A) counterconditioning.
B) flooding.
C) in vivo modification.
D) dialectical therapy.
E) token economy.

Question 31

One of your patients is suffering from a severe disorder and nothing else has worked.Consequently,you recommend a cingulotomy.Most likely,your patient was suffering from

A) a severe phobia.
B) schizophrenia.
C) a somatoform disorder.
D) dissociative identity disorder.
E) obsessive-compulsive disorder.