Deck 14: Personality

Question 1

"Most children will deceive in certain situations and not in others." According to Mischel,this is because

A) behaviour always results from a child interacting with a situation.
B) children never behave in a reliable manner.
C) children's behaviour changes across time but not across situations.
D) honesty is a very stable trait.
E) children like to cheat.

Answer 1

behaviour always results from a child interacting with a situation.

Question 2

Life is made up of goal-directed behaviours.You can be more successful at goal setting if

A) you set outcome goals.
B) you set unattainable goals.
C) you set negative goals.
D) you set measurable goals.
E) you set general goals.

Answer 2

you set measurable goals.

Question 3

A man who is angry with his boss decides to take out his frustration by chopping wood.This is an example of

A) sublimation.
B) intellectualization.
C) projection.
D) denial.
E) latency.

Answer 3

sublimation.

Question 4

Imagine that you are so good looking and charming that every member of the opposite sex finds you irresistible.You meet someone who you find attractive but they show no interest in you.According to the self-concept put forth by Rogers,well-adjusted individuals would think

A) the other person is playing hard to get.
B) I must be ugly.
C) I know that I can win them over.
D) not everyone finds me irresistible.
E) the other person is crazy.

Question 5

The study of personality has been guided by many different perspectives.One perspective views personality as an energy system.This inspiration comes from

A) Abraham Maslow.
B) Albert Bandura.
C) Sigmund Freud.
D) Carl Rogers.
E) Carl Jung.

Question 6

Carl Jung broke away from Freud's theory to help develop the neoanalytic theory.He believed that in addition to the unconscious,humans also possess

A) longer and more satisfying romances across the life span.
B) the potential for self-actualization.
C) inborn sexual and aggressive instincts.
D) the need for positive self-regard.
E) a collective unconscious that consists of memories accumulated throughout the entire human race.

Question 7

According to the Big Five Personality model,someone who is careless and impulsive would score low on the following trait

A) extraversion.
B) openness.
C) neuroticism.
D) agreeableness.
E) conscientiousness.

Question 8

Some of Freud's most controversial work concerned the stages of psychosexual development.At which stage does the Oedipus complex occur?

A) oral
B) phallic
C) anal
D) puberty
E) intimacy

Question 9

The MMPI-2 was initially used for ____________ and is now also used ______________

A) detecting cheating;in depression and schizophrenia.
B) measuring severe personality deviations;as a screening device for certain jobs.
C) job assessments;in psychiatric settings.
D) personality description;for psychiatric diagnosis.
E) clinical testing;for detecting cheating.

Question 10

Hans Eysenck was one of the first modern theorists to suggest a biological basis for major personality traits.He suggested that the brains of extraverts ___________.

A) are underaroused and they need powerful stimulation to achieve an optimal level of cortical arousal
B) show gradual shifts in arousal
C) are underaroused and they try to maintain the level of stimulation
D) show large and sudden shifts in arousal
E) are overaroused and they try to minimize stimulation

Question 11

Psychodynamic theorists prefer the following type of personality assessment.

A) self-report measures
B) remote behaviour sampling
C) projective techniques
D) paper-and-pencil inventories
E) physiological measures

Question 12

Jack and Jill are in a relationship.Jill feels that she has to be smart in order for Jack to be pleased with her.Sometimes she wishes that Jack would just love her for who she is.In this relationship,Jill is wanting.

A) self-consistency.
B) unconditional positive regard.
C) self-enhancement.
D) conditional positive regard.
E) sympathy.

Question 13

Stan believes in fate.He doesn't think it matters what he eats because his father had a heart attack and died at a young age.Stan believes the same will happen to him.Stan probably has

A) reciprocal determinism.
B) an internal locus of control.
C) an external locus of control.
D) high self-esteem.
E) generalized expectancy.

Question 14

When using Eysenck's Extraversion-Stability model,if you know that someone scores high on the extraversion scale,this tells you

A) that they are moody and anxious.
B) that they will also score high on the stability score.
C) that they will score low on the stability score.
D) nothing about their stability score.
E) that they are passive and quiet.

Question 15

Although an interview has limitations about personality assessment,a good interviewer

A) will limit their attention to what the interviewee says.
B) will try to create a difficult atmosphere.
C) will conduct an unstructured interview.
D) will not observe nonverbal behaviour.
E) will note general appearance and voice and speech patterns.

Question 16

Chloe is taking rock climbing in Physical Education class and she believes that because she was unsuccessful in last year's class,this year will also be a disaster.According to Bandura,the most important factor for Chloe having a low self-efficacy in rock climbing is that

A) she has not been encouraged from others.
B) she is not approaching this in a positive manner.
C) she had previous failures.
D) her friends are quite good at it.
E) she has an overall low self-efficacy belief.

Question 17

Sandy has a very negative self-view of herself.She is considering marrying Eddie who thinks she is fabulous,or Richard,who agrees with her negative image.Research shows that Sandy is most likely to __________.

A) marry Richard because he agrees with her negative image
B) marry Eddie because he disagrees with her negative image
C) marry Eddie because he will enhance her negative image
D) marry Richard because she believes it is what she deserves
E) look for someone else because she has yet to find the perfect match

Question 18

In order to best predict specific behaviour patterns and personality factors,

A) remote behaviour sampling is your best bet.
B) Cattell's 16PF is the superior widely used test.
C) Eysenck's Extraversion-Stability model is all that is necessary.
D) Thematic Apperception Test covers all specific behaviour patterns the best.
E) the Five Factor model is considered the most adequate.

Question 19

In the story "The Cat in the Hat",the Cat tries to convince Sally and her brother to wreak havoc in the house while their mother is away.The Fish is adamant that the children behave and says "make that cat go away…he should not be here,when your mother is out." If analyzing this classic children's tale from a psychoanalytic perspective,

A) the cat is the superego,Sally is the ego,and the fish is the id.
B) the cat is the ego,Sally is the superego,and the fish is the id.
C) the cat is the id,Sally is the superego,and the fish is the ego.
D) the cat is the id,Sally is the ego,and the fish is the superego.
E) the cat is the superego,Sally is the id,and the fish is the ego.

Question 20

"In different situations and with different people,I often act like very different persons." This person would be considered

A) attentive to internal beliefs.
B) an extravert.
C) agreeable.
D) a fairly stable personality.
E) a high in self-monitoring.

Question 21

You are very interested in predicting behavior from measures of personality traits.Which of the following scales would be the BEST to use for such predictions?

A) the Big Five
B) Cattell's 16PF
C) the NEO-PI
D) Eysenck's Extraversion-Stability
E) Allport's Factors

Question 22

What do the following terms all have in common? Personal constructs,self-consistency,unconditional positive regard,and gender schemas

A) They are all psychodynamic terms.
B) They are all part of the Big Five factors.
C) All are components of Carl Rogers' self theory.
D) All are components of humanistic approaches to personality.
E) All are considered to be traits.

Question 23

You are interested in studying "object relations." Your approach to the study of personality is consistent with which of the following perspectives?

A) Psychodynamic
B) Humanistic
C) Cognitive
D) Behavioural
E) Biological

Question 24

During a PET scan of a patient,you notice increased activity in the temporal lobe while the person is awake and alert,but not involved in any particular mental task.Being a good personality theorist,you might suspect

A) a high score on Extroversion.
B) a low score on Openness.
C) higher than normal intelligence.
D) a low score on Extroversion.
E) a low score on Neuroticism.

Question 25

The basic assumption underlying the use of "projective" tests in psychological assessment is that:

A) these tests provide valid diagnoses of the individual.
B) individuals will project their unconscious thoughts,feelings,and impulses onto these ambiguous stimuli.
C) these tests have high inter-rater reliability.
D) these tests yield accurate estimates of the individual's intelligence.
E) None of these.

Question 26

According to Freud's psychodynamic theory of personality:

A) the id operates according to the "reality principle."
B) the id develops after the successful resolution of the Oedipus complex.
C) the id always operates at the level of conscious awareness.
D) the id is associated with sexual and aggressive impulses.
E) the id ultimately contains the individual's morals or sense of right and wrong.

Question 27

According to Freud,the various components of the mind constantly interact with each other.But one component must try to balance the demands of the others.This component is the

A) Id.
B) Ego.
C) Superego.
D) Displacement manager.
E) Preconscious.

Question 28

Casandra does not exercise regularly and is not doing as well in university as her friends.She gives in to powerful people and is at risk for depression.All else being equal,we would predict the Casandra has

A) an external locus of control.
B) an internal locus of control.
C) high self-efficacy.
D) a low score on extroversion.
E) only a few of Cattell's 16 traits.

Question 29

According to Rogers,an individual with conditions of worth is likely to

A) be a fully functioning person.
B) experience a lack of unconditional positive regard.
C) score low on extroversion.
D) show a fully developed gender schema.
E) reject self-enhancement.

Question 30

Jon really "hates" his brother,but knows he cannot express this publically.According to Freud,if ego resorts to the defense mechanism of projection,

A) Jon will simply develop amnesia for everything related to his brother.
B) Jon will take out his hostility by kicking the family cat.
C) Jon will paint a picture of his brother falling off a tall building.
D) Jon will shower his brother with exaggerated love.
E) Jon will insist that his brother really hates him.