Deck 40: Human Diseases Caused by Fungi and Protists

Question 1

Fungal diseases are usually divided into __________ groups according to the level of infected tissue and the mode of entry into the host.

Answer 1

five

Question 2

Which of the following is not true with respect to the organism causing histoplasmosis?

A)The fungus grows intracellularly as a facultative parasite.
B)The mold form is found in humans.
C)It is found worldwide in the soil.
D)It produces microconidia and macroconidia.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Diagnosis of the leishmanias is based on finding the parasite within infected

A)lymphocytes.
B)macrophages.
C)eosinophils.
D)mast cells.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Which of the following fungi causes Valley fever in semi-arid regions of North American?

A)Coccidioides immitis
B)Blastomyces dermatitidis
C)Cryptococcus neoformans
D)Histoplasma capsulatum

Question 5

Some superficial mycoses are called

A)sporotrichosis.
B)tineas.
C)dermatophytoses.
D)mycetomas.

Question 6

Leishmania donovani causes

A)mucocutaneous leishmaniasis.
B)visceral leishmaniasis.
C)cutaneous leishmaniasis.
D)all of the choices

Question 7

Most individuals with histoplasmosis exhibit a hypersensitive state that can be demonstrated by the histoplasmin skin test.

Question 8

Which of the following is known to use tsetse flies as intermediate hosts?

A)Trypanosoma brucei gambiense
B)Giardia lamblia
C)Entameoba histolytica
D)Histoplasma capsulatum

Question 9

African sleeping sickness is caused by

A)Giardia lamblia.
B)Trypanosoma brucei gambiense.
C)Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense.
D)Histoplasma capsulatum.
E)Trypanosoma brucei gambiense and Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense both cause African sleeping sickness.

Question 10

Vaccines are not effective against trypanosomiasis because

A)the organisms are never exposed to the immune system.
B)the organism is only weakly antigenic.
C)the organism can change its protein coat and thereby evade the immune response.
D)all of the choices

Question 11

Dried pigeon droppings are a potential source of infection with

A)Coccidioides immitis.
B)Blastomyces dermatitidis.
C)Cryptococcus neoformans.
D)Malassezia furfur.

Question 12

In the malarial life cycle,the male gamete is called

A)macrogametocyte.
B)microgametocyte.
C)oocyst.
D)ookinete.

Question 13

Once inside an erythrocyte,the Plasmodium begins to enlarge as a uninucleate cell called a __________.

A)trophozoite
B)sporozoite
C)merozoite
D)schizont

Question 14

Blastomyces dermatitidis causes

A)valley fever.
B)blastomycosis.
C)San Joaquin fever.
D)cryptococcosis.

Question 15

Birds carry Histoplasma capsulatum.

Question 16

In humans,Cryptococcus grows as a

A)mold.
B)yeast.
C)dimorphic fungus.
D)a mycelium.

Question 17

Humans become infected with the malarial parasite when mosquitoes inject __________ into the bloodstream.

A)trophozoites
B)sporozoites
C)merozoites
D)schizonts

Question 18

Most systemic mycoses are acquired from

A)puncture wounds.
B)inhaling spores.
C)insect vectors.
D)all of the choices

Question 19

All species of Leishmania utilize sand flies as intermediate hosts.

Question 20

Which of the following is not caused by a protozoan?

A)cryptosporidiosis
B)cryptococcosis
C)both cryptosporidiosis and cryptococcosis
D)African sleeping sickness

Question 21

A dermatophytic infection of the nail bed is

A)tinea manum.
B)tinea unguium.
C)tinea capitis.
D)tinea barbae.

Question 22

Cutaneous mycoses are called

A)dermatomycoses.
B)ringworms.
C)tineas.
D)all of the choices

Question 23

Diagnosis of malaria is made by demonstrating the presence of parasites within Gram-stained erythrocytes.

Question 24

The yeast Trichosporon beigelii causes

A)black piedra.
B)athlete's foot.
C)histoplasmosis.
D)white piedra.

Question 25

Which of the following is not an amoeba?

A)Entamoeba histolytica
B)Acanthamoeba species
C)Cryptosporidium species
D)Naegleria fowleri

Question 26

Trichomoniasis is frequently asymptomatic in males but seldom is asymptomatic in females.

Question 27

Which of the following is not a subcutaneous mycosis?

A)chromoblastomycosis
B)coccidiomycosis
C)maduromycosis
D)sporotrichosis

Question 28

Which of the following does not cause cutaneous mycoses?

A)Cryptococcus
B)Microsporum
C)Trichophyton
D)Epidermophyton

Question 29

Which of the following is an oral agent used for treating dermatophytoses?

A)AZT
B)itraconazole
C)bacitracin
D)chloroquine

Question 30

In the intestinal tract,Entamoeba histolytica

A)can undergo excystation in the small intestine.
B)lives as a commensal in the lumen of the intestine.
C)can invade the host tissue.
D)all of the choices

Question 31

Trichomoniasis is a

A)disease caused by a flagellate.
B)sexually transmitted disease.
C)disease that can be treated with Flagyl.
D)all of the choices

Question 32

Piedraia hortae causes

A)tinea versicolor.
B)white piedra.
C)black piedra.
D)all of the choices

Question 33

The dermatophytes that cause the subcutaneous mycoses are normal saprophytic inhabitants of

A)the digestive system of insects.
B)the digestive system of humans.
C)the soil and decaying vegetation.
D)plants.

Question 34

Human malaria is caused by __________ known species of Plasmodium.

A)one
B)two
C)four
D)many

Question 35

In sporotrichosis the lesions can remain localized or can spread throughout the body; in the latter case it is referred to as

A)extracutaneous sporotrichosis.
B)disseminated sporotrichosis.
C)systemic sporotrichosis.
D)fulminating sporotrichosis.

Question 36

A __________ is a deformity that looks like a tumor that results from a subcutaneous fungal infection.

Question 37

The most common subcutaneous mycotic disease in the United States is

A)maduromycosis.
B)mycetoma.
C)sporotrichosis.
D)cryptococcosis.

Question 38

Which of the following is a dermatophytic infection of any part of the skin?

A)tinea barbae
B)tinea capitis
C)tinea corporis
D)all of the choices

Question 39

Which of the following is a dermatophytic infection of the groin?

A)tinea barbae
B)tinea capitis
C)tinea corporus
D)tinea cruris

Question 40

Tinea pedis is

A)a beard infection.
B)an infection of scalp hair.
C)known as "jock itch".
D)known as "athlete's foot".

Question 41

Which of the following produces a highly resistant spore containing a polar tubule?

A)Pneumocystis
B)Microsporidia
C)Trypanosoma cruzi
D)cyclosporans

Question 42

The major portal of entry for Aspergillus is the

A)gastrointestinal tract.
B)respiratory tract.
C)urinary tract.
D)skin.

Question 43

Which of the following statements about Pneumocystis jiroveci is true?

A)The disease it causes occurs almost exclusively in immunocompromised hosts.
B)The organism and the disease remains localized in the lungs even in fatal cases.
C)It causes the alveoli to fill with a frothy exudate.
D)all of the choices

Question 44

A(n)__________ organism is generally harmless in its normal host but can become pathogenic in a compromised host.

Question 45

Removal of Giardia intestinalis from municipal water supplies involves the use of

A)rapid sand filters.
B)slow sand filters.
C)gamma radiation.
D)predatory microorganisms.

Question 46

Pneumocystis jiroveci has been classified with the fungi instead of the protists.

Question 47

Acanthamoeba species

A)are facultative parasites.
B)cause encephalitis.
C)cause keratitis.
D)all of the choices

Question 48

__________ candidiasis involves those areas of the body that are warm and moist.

Question 49

Oral candidiasis or __________ is a fairly common disease in newborns.

Question 50

Pneumocystis pneumonia occurs widely in

A)immune compromised hosts.
B)prisons and military installations.
C)children.
D)cattle.

Question 51

The most common cause of epidemic waterborne diarrheal disease is

A)Acanthamoeba.
B)Naegleria.
C)Giardia intestinalis.
D)all of the choices

Question 52

Pneumocystis pneumonia occurs in more than 80% of AIDS patients.

Question 53

Diagnosis of candidiasis is difficult because

A)this fungus is a frequent secondary invader in other disease processes.
B)a mixed microbiota is most often found in the diseased tissue.
C)no immunologic procedures for the identification of Candida currently exist.
D)all of the choices

Question 54

Which of the following has emerged as one of the leading organisms responsible for death in AIDS patients?

A)Toxoplasma gondii
B)Pneumocystis jiroveci
C)Acanthamoeba
D)Naegleria

Question 55

Candida albicans is normally found in the vagina but does not usually cause disease because the acidic pH created by the lactobacilli prevents their overgrowth.

Question 56

The largest recorded outbreak of water-borne illness occurred in Milwaukee,Wisconsin,and was caused by ____________ _____________.

Question 57

Which of the following drugs is(are)used to treat giardiasis?

A)Atabrine
B)Flagyl
C)metronidazole
D)all of the choices

Question 58

__________ is a Candida infection of the male glans penis that occurs primarily in uncircumcised males.

Question 59

Entamoeba histolytica feeds on

A)erythrocytes.
B)bacteria.
C)yeasts.
D)all of the choices

Question 60

Which of the following can prevent amebiasis?

A)UV light treatment of water.
B)avoidance of food or water that might be contaminated with human feces in endemic areas.
C)Flagyl.
D)all of the choices.