Deck 38: Human Diseases Caused by Viruses and Prions

Question 1

West Nile virus has been detected in _________ states of the U.S.

A)25
B)50
C)49
D)10

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Which of the following drugs has been shown to reduce the duration and symptoms of influenza?

A)penicillin
B)AZT
C)amantadine
D)acyclovir

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Antigenic variation occurs almost yearly with the influenza _________ virus.

A)A
B)B
C)C
D)D

Answer 3

A

Question 4

The rash associated with German measles is most likely caused by

A)the virus infecting the cells of the skin.
B)the virus infecting the cells of the dermal layer beneath the skin.
C)an immunological reaction to the virus.
D)all of the choices

Question 5

Koplik's spots are small red lesions with a white center that form in the mouth and are associated with

A)mumps.
B)measles.
C)chickenpox.
D)flavivirus infection.

Question 6

Which of the following does not transmit the AIDS virus?

A)semen
B)blood
C)vaginal secretions
D)mosquitoes

Question 7

Acute respiratory viruses cause

A)rhinitis.
B)tonsillitis.
C)bronchitis.
D)all of the choices

Question 8

The reactivated form of chickenpox is called

A)rubella.
B)adenovirus.
C)herpes zoster.
D)rubeola.

Question 9

German measles is caused by the __________ virus.

A)rubella
B)herpes-zoster
C)reovirus
D)coxsackievirus A

Question 10

A feature of smallpox not associated with its eradication from the environment is

A)it has obvious clinical features.
B)it has no known reservoir outside of humans.
C)a short period of infectivity.
D)the availability of effective antiviral agents that block replication.
E)all of the choices

Question 11

Congenital rubella syndrome usually occurs in the time frame of the

A)first trimester of pregnancy.
B)second trimester of pregnancy.
C)third trimester of pregnancy.
D)entire pregnancy.

Question 12

In humans,equine encephalitis can present as a spectrum from fever and headache to ___________ ____________ and encephalitis.

Question 13

Diagnosis of West Nile virus infection is through detection of

A)viral growth in cell cultures.
B)by a rise in neutralizing antibody in a patient's serum.
C)PCR analysis from saliva samples.
D)culture on artificial media.

Question 14

Which of the following syndromes may result from infection by an arthropod-borne virus?

A)Fevers of undifferentiated type with or without a rash.
B)Encephalitis,often with a high fatality rate.
C)Hemorrhagic fevers.
D)All of the choices.

Question 15

Colds are common because of

A)domestic animals serve as a persistent reservoir.
B)immunity once obtained is not protective.
C)a lack of effective antiviral drugs.
D)the antigenic diversity of the rhinoviruses and the lack of long lasting immunity.

Question 16

Chickenpox is caused by the __________ virus.

A)rubella
B)rubeola
C)coxsackievirus B
D)varicella

Question 17

In influenza virus,antigenic shift

A)results from reassortment of genomes when two different strains of flu viruses infect the same cell.
B)results from the accumulation of mutations in HA and NA in a single strain of flu virus.
C)can result in major epidemics or pandemics.
D)results from reassortment of genomes when two different strains of flu viruses infect the same cell and can result in major epidemics or pandemics.

Question 18

It is feared that the H5N1 strain of influenza virus may be the cause of an influenza pandemic in the near future.

Question 19

Mumps is caused by a

A)morbillis virus.
B)paramyxovirus.
C)adenovirus.
D)synctial virus.

Question 20

In those cases of pneumonia for which no cause is determined by laboratory findings,__________ pneumonia can be assumed if __________ pneumonia has been ruled out.

A)viral; mycoplasmal
B)bacterial; viral
C)mycoplasmal; viral
D)mycoplasmal; bacterial

Question 21

Which of the following drugs is (are)effective against cold sores?

A)Vidarabine and acyclovir.
B)Amantadine.
C)AZT and ddC.
D)Protease inhibitors such as ritonavir.

Question 22

The Epstein-Barr virus is the etiologic agent of infectious mononucleosis.

Question 23

Once infected with the AIDS virus,an individual experiences what is called the _________ __________ stage during which the number of T cells in the blood declines.

Question 24

Genital herpes is associated with

A)congenital herpes.
B)cervical cancer.
C)miscarriages.
D)all of these

Question 25

The formation of intranuclear inclusion bodies is associated with cytomegalovirus infection.

Question 26

The most likely mode of transmission of the common cold is by hand-to-hand contact between a rhinovirus donor and a susceptible recipient.

Question 27

Which of the following can stimulate a reactivation of the virus that causes cold sores?

A)physical stress (fever,cold winds,trauma,hormonal changes)
B)emotional stress
C)ultraviolet light
D)all of the choices

Question 28

Large-scale screening of blood for the hepatitis B virus uses an assay designed to detect

A)the Delta agent.
B)the Dane particle.
C)viral surface antigens.
D)alanine transaminase.

Question 29

Which of the following is the typical mode of transmission for hepatitis C?

A)Contaminated blood and blood products.
B)Inhalation of droplets.
C)Bite from body louse.
D)Contaminated shellfish.

Question 30

Plantar warts represent a sexually transmitted disease.

Question 31

A type of tumor associated with AIDS is __________ sarcoma.

Question 32

Which of the following is correct about the protease inhibitor drugs designed to treat HIV infection?

A)They slow the progress of the disease.
B)They cure the disease.
C)They prevent entry of the virus into cells.
D)They result in lysis of virus particles.

Question 33

Hepatitis can be caused by cytomegalovirus and Epstein-Barr virus as well as by the hepatitis viruses.

Question 34

Warts or verrucae are caused by the papillomaviruses.

Question 35

Treatment of mononucleosis is via chemotherapy.

Question 36

Which of the following is known to activate the genital herpes virus?

A)sunlight
B)stress
C)sexual hormones
D)all of the choices

Question 37

Control measures for hepatitis B include

A)excluding contact with contaminated materials.
B)passive immunotherapy within 7 days of exposure.
C)vaccination of high-risk groups.
D)all of the choices

Question 38

The AIDS virus becomes established in cells bearing the __________ receptor.

Question 39

Coinfection with HIV and Human Herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8)can greatly promote the development of cancer in AIDS patients.

Question 40

Acyclovir is the drug used to treat genital herpes; it

A)cures the disease.
B)reduces the healing time.
C)lyses the virus.
D)all of the choices.

Question 41

Acute viral gastroenteritis is the leading cause of death in

A)children worldwide.
B)children in the U.S.
C)children in developing countries.
D)children in day care centers.

Question 42

Most drugs used to slow the progress of AIDS fall into which of the following categories?

A)Reverse transcriptase and protease inhibitors.
B)Topoisomerase inhibitors.
C)RNA polymerase II inhibitors.
D)Protein synthesis inhibitors.

Question 43

The rabies virus is transmitted to humans by

A)the bite of an infected animal.
B)aerosols of the virus that can be present in caves where bats roost.
C)contamination of scratches with saliva from an infected animal.
D)all of the choices

Question 44

151 deaths have been attributed to vCJD in the U.S.

Question 45

Negri bodies are produced within ___________ in rabies infected humans.

A)skeletal muscle
B)connective tissue
C)brain neurons
D)bats

Question 46

Iatrogenic CJD has been transmitted by prion-contaminated by all of the following except

A)human growth hormone.
B)corneal grafts.
C)liver transplants.
D)grafts of dura mater.

Question 47

The main route of transmission of the poliovirus is

A)body contact.
B)fomites.
C)food and water.
D)respiratory secretions.

Question 48

Who of the following should be vaccinated against rabies?

A)nurses
B)farmers
C)veterinarians
D)physicians

Question 49

Infectious hepatitis (hepatitis A)is usually transmitted by

A)fecal-oral contamination of food or drink.
B)sexual activity.
C)contaminated blood.
D)inhalation of droplets.

Question 50

A major cause of blindness in the United States that results from the HSV 1 virus is ___________ ___________.

Question 51

The Ebola virus causes

A)encephalitis.
B)pulmonary syndrome.
C)hemorrhagic fever.
D)lassa fever.

Question 52

Prevention and control of rabies includes

A)pre-exposure vaccination of dogs and cats.
B)post-exposure vaccination of humans.
C)pre-exposure vaccination of humans at high risk.
D)all of the choices

Question 53

Cold sores or fever blisters are caused by the ________ ________ virus.