Deck 17: Respiratory System

Question 1

Which of the following is true about the larynx?

A) It connects to the esophagus.
B) It extends from the posterior nares to the soft palate.
C) It contains openings for the eustachian tubes.
D) It prevents food and liquids from entering the trachea.

Answer 1

D

Question 2

What function do the vestibular folds of the larynx serve?

A) Produce sound
B) Prevent food from entering the airway
C) Remove dust from inspired air
D) Anchor the larynx to the epiglottis

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Small airways that lack supportive cartilage

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Where gas exchange takes place

Question 5

Based on your knowledge of the anatomy of the lower respiratory tract, where is the most likely location for an aspirated (inhaled) piece of food to lodge and why?

A) The alveoli, because they reside at the terminal end of the bronchioles
B) The tertiary bronchioles, because they are less than 1 mm wide
C) The right bronchus, because it is slightly wider and more vertical than the left bronchus
D) The carina, because it is situated at the end of the trachea

Question 6

What is the main muscle responsible for pulmonary ventilation?

A) Internal intercostal muscles
B) External intercostal muscles
C) Scalenes
D) Diaphragm

Question 7

Which region of the pharynx contains the tonsils?

A) Oropharynx
B) Laryngopharynx
C) Nasopharynx
D) The tonsils are not found in the pharynx

Question 8

Large tubes (one for each lung) that serve as a passageway for air

Question 9

What purpose does mucus in the nasal cavity serve?

A) Collect inhaled dust
B) Remove pathogens from inspired air
C) Warm inspired air
D) There is no purpose; mucus in the nasal cavity is a sign of infection

Question 10

Acts as a passageway between the pharynx and trachea; also produces sound

Question 11

Match each structure of the respiratory system to its location or function.
a.trachea
f.alveoli
b.pharynx
g.carina
c.larynx
h.palate
d.bronchioles
i.septum
e.bronchi
Muscular tube commonly called the throat

Question 12

Large tube supported by C-shaped rings of cartilage; often called the "windpipe"

Question 13

Which region of the pharynx contains openings for the eustachian tubes?

A) Oropharynx
B) Laryngopharynx
C) Nasopharynx
D) The eustachian tubes do not open into the pharynx

Question 14

Air is warmed and moistened in the

A) trachea.
B) bronchi.
C) larynx.
D) nasal cavity.

Question 15

Which substance normally exists in the pleural cavity?

A) Blood
B) Fluid
C) Mucus
D) Air

Question 16

What is the respiratory membrane and what is its role in ventilation?

A) It lines the nasal cavity, where it serves to warm and moisten inspired air.
B) It lines the bronchial tree, where it secretes a layer of protective mucus, which serves to purify air entering the respiratory tract.
C) It consists of the alveolar epithelium, the capillary endothelium and their joined basement membranes; it provides the surface through which gas exchange occurs.
D) It lines the thoracic cavity, where it aids in lung expansion.

Question 17

You notice that a patient's sternocleidomastoid and scalene muscles are contracting with respiration. What should you conclude based on this observance?

A) The patient is breathing normally, using the normal muscles of inspiration and expiration.
B) The patient is using his accessory muscles to exhale.
C) The patient is using his accessory muscles to inhale.
D) The patient is using the Hering-Breuer reflex to prevent lung overinflation.

Question 18

What is the purpose of surfactant?

A) To reduce friction between the pleural membranes during inspiration and expiration
B) To provide a medium in which gas can dissolve
C) To gather any dust particles that have entered the lungs in inspired air
D) To reduce surface tension to keep the alveolus from collapsing during respiration

Question 19

Which of the following most accurately describes muscle activity during normal inspiration?

A) Both the internal intercostal muscles and the diaphragm relax.
B) Both the external intercostal muscles and the diaphragm contract.
C) The internal intercostal muscles contract as the diaphragm relaxes.
D) Both the external intercostal muscles and the diaphragm relax.

Question 20

Cartilaginous ridge at the end of the trachea

Question 21

The principle that states that at a constant temperature, a given volume of gas will exert more pressure in a smaller space than it will in a larger space is known as ____________________.

Question 22

A piece of cartilage called the ____________________ closes over the top of the larynx during swallowing to direct food and liquids into the esophagus.

Question 23

How is most of the carbon dioxide in the body transported?

A) Dissolved in plasma
B) Bound to hemoglobin to form carbaminohemoglobin
C) Carried in the form of bicarbonate ions
D) In the form of carbonic acid

Question 24

A plate of bone and cartilage called the ____________________ separates the nasal cavity into two halves.

Question 25

The serous membrane covering the surface of the lungs is called the ____________________.

Question 26

The pressure that drives respiration is ____________________ pressure.

Question 27

The amount of air inhaled using maximum effort after a normal inspiration is called the

A) residual volume.
B) vital capacity.
C) total lung capacity.
D) inspiratory reserve volume.

Question 28

The nasal cavity is separated from the mouth by a bony structure called the ____________________.

Question 29

The inspiratory and expiratory centers are located in the

A) medulla.
B) pons.
C) cerebellum.
D) diaphragm.

Question 30

Which factor is key in allowing the body to absorb oxygen and expel carbon dioxide?

A) Variations in the pressures of the gases
B) Variations in the volume of the gases
C) Variations in vital capacity
D) Variations in tidal volume

Question 31

The alveoli contain small amounts of fluid to

A) prevent friction during respiration.
B) permit gas exchange.
C) decrease surface tension.
D) ease the movement of the alveoli against surrounding tissues.

Question 32

If someone experiences a loss of intrapleural pressure, what will occur?

A) Breathing will stop.
B) Sudden exhalation will occur.
C) Sudden inhalation will occur.
D) The lung will collapse.

Question 33

The amount of air inhaled and exhaled during quiet breathing is known as

A) residual volume.
B) tidal volume.
C) vital capacity.
D) total lung capacity.

Question 34

Which of the following statements is true?

A) Intrapleural pressure is always greater than intrapulmonic pressure.
B) Intrapleural pressure is always less than atmospheric pressure.
C) Intrapulmonic pressure is always greater than atmospheric pressure.
D) Intrapulmonic pressure is always less than atmospheric pressure.

Question 35

Projecting from the lateral wall of each nasal cavity are three bones called ____________________ that create narrow passages.

Question 36

The right lung contains ____________________ lobes, and the left lung contains ____________________ lobes.

Question 37

The opening between the vocal cords is called the ____________________.

Question 38

Pressure in the pleural cavity is ____________________ than atmospheric pressure to assist with lung inflation.

Question 39

What role is served by the pneumotaxic center?

A) It stimulates the inspiratory center to increase the length and depth of inspiration.
B) It inhibits the apneustic and inspiratory centers to prevent overinflation of the lungs.
C) It sends impulses to the abdominal and accessory muscles when more forceful exhalations are needed.
D) It detects increasing levels of CO₂ and triggers inspiration as needed.

Question 40

A patient is experiencing low blood levels of oxygen. Which of the following processes are most likely to occur?

A) The Hering-Breuer reflex will trigger the muscles in the chest wall to expand and deeper inhalation occurs.
B) The hypothalamus will sense the low oxygen levels and send signals to trigger for rapid respirations.
C) Central chemoreceptors will detect the falling oxygen levels and send impulses to increase the rate and depth of breathing.
D) Peripheral chemoreceptors will detect the falling oxygen levels and send impulses to increase the rate and depth of breathing.

Question 41

The contribution of a single gas in any mixture of gases is called ____________________.