Deck 6: Bones Bone Tissue

Question 1

Which statement about red bone marrow is true?

A) It fills nearly all of a child's bones.
B) It produces white blood cells.
C) It fills the medullary cavities of the femurs and humerus in adults.
D) It has the potential to change into yellow marrow.

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Bone formation begins at about

A) 6 months' gestation.
B) 4 months' gestation.
C) 1 months' gestation.
D) 3 months' gestation.

Answer 2

D

Question 3

The central, shaftlike portion of a long bone is called the

A) epiphysis.
B) diaphysis.
C) endosteum.
D) periosteum.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

In a developing fetus, most bones begin as

A) fibrous connective tissue.
B) cartilage.
C) bone.
D) elastic connective tissue.

Question 5

Which substance covers the surface of the epiphysis of a long bone?

A) Red bone marrow
B) Trabeculae
C) Fibrocartilage
D) Articular cartilage

Question 6

Which type of bone cell helps form bone, specifically the bone's matrix?

A) Osteoclasts
B) Osteoblasts
C) Osteocytes
D) Fibroblasts

Question 7

Which type of cell assists with the regulation of blood levels of calcium and phosphate?

A) Osteoblasts
B) Osteoclasts
C) Osteocytes
D) Fibroblasts

Question 8

In a developing fetus, the bones of the skull and face begin as

A) fibrous connective tissue.
B) cartilage.
C) bone.
D) elastic connective tissue.

Question 9

Trabeculae are arranged in such a way so as to

A) lighten bone.
B) strengthen bone.
C) allow space for bone marrow.
D) increase tensile strength.

Question 10

What makes bone unique from other connective tissue?

A) It is nonliving tissue.
B) Its matrix is hard and calcified.
C) It doesn't contain blood vessels.
D) It is self-contained and doesn't interact with other body systems.

Question 11

Which classification of bone protects organs or provides a large surface area for the attachment of muscles?

A) Long bones
B) Short bones
C) Flat bones
D) Irregular bones

Question 12

Calcium salts give bone its

A) tensile strength.
B) torsional strength.
C) flexibility.
D) compressional strength.

Question 13

When does the skull become completely ossified?

A) At birth
B) Three months of age
C) Six months of age
D) Two years of age

Question 14

What makes a bone unique from other connective tissue?

A) Its strength
B) Its matrix
C) Its hardness
D) Its density

Question 15

The basic structural unit of compact bone is

A) a lacunae.
B) an osteon.
C) a canaliculi.
D) a lamellae.

Question 16

The medullary cavity in most adults is filled with

A) red bone marrow.
B) yellow bone marrow.
C) spongy bone.
D) the endosteum.

Question 17

In the fetus, bone matrix is formed by

A) osteoblasts.
B) osteocytes.
C) osteoclasts.
D) fibroblasts.

Question 18

The process of endochondral ossification begins in

A) the skull.
B) long bones.
C) short bones.
D) the pelvis.

Question 19

The passageways that carry blood and nutrients from the bone's exterior to the osteocytes are

A) canaliculi.
B) Volkmann's canals.
C) haversian canals.
D) central canals.

Question 20

Which of the following typically occurs when bones experience an increase in load?

A) Osteocytes become more active dissolving unhealthy bone.
B) Bone fibers become more compact, increasing tensile strength
C) Osteocytes become more active creating new bone.
D) The deposition of calcium salts increases, which increases compressional strength.

Question 21

The epiphysis of a long bone is made of ____________________ bone.

Question 22

How does physical exercise affect bone?

A) It stimulates the activity of osteoclasts and therefore accelerates bone resorption.
B) It causes bone density to increase because bone adapts to withstand physical stress.
C) It accelerates the release of calcium into the blood, which boosts serum calcium levels.
D) It has no effect on bone.

Question 23

Bone is also called ____________________ tissue.

Question 24

The condition in which bones lose so much mass they become extremely brittle is called ____________________.

Question 25

The infant's skull contains areas of fibrous connective tissue called ____________________.

Question 26

Which of the following fractures is most likely to occur in young children and why?

A) Children are more likely to have compound fractures because the tissue surrounding the bones is less dense than the tissue in adults.
B) Children are more likely to have greenstick fractures because their bones contain more collagen than adult bones.
C) Children are more likely to have comminuted fractures because rapid growth during childhood makes bones brittle.
D) Children are more likely to have spiral fractures because the matrix is uneven.

Question 27

A fracture in a diseased or weakened bone, usually the result of a force that would not fracture a healthy bone, is called a ____________________ fracture.

Question 28

Which type of fracture is most likely to occur in a car accident?

A) Pathologic fracture
B) Greenstick fracture
C) Spiral fracture
D) Comminuted fracture

Question 29

Spongy bone consists of a latticework of bone called ____________________.

Question 30

Mature osteoblasts that have become entrapped in the hardened bone matrix are called ____________________.

Question 31

Which statement about endochondral ossification is correct?

A) A primary ossification center develops in each epiphysis, and ossification proceeds from epiphysis towards the diaphysis.
B) A primary ossification center develops in the middle of the diaphysis, and ossification proceeds from the diaphysis towards each epiphysis.
C) A primary ossification center develops on the surface of the cartilage as chondrocytes turn into osteoblasts.
D) Multiple ossification centers fill the bone marrow cavity, and ossification radiates from the interior of the bone toward the surface.

Question 32

Uncomplicated fractures heal in

A) 4 to 6 weeks.
B) 8 to 12 weeks.
C) 12 to 14 weeks.
D) 6 months.

Question 33

The diaphysis of a long bone is made of ____________________ bone.

Question 34

The process that repairs minor traumas in bone and contributes to homeostasis by releasing calcium into the blood is called ____________________.

Question 35

The process of destroying old bone is called ____________________.

Question 36

Bone lengthening stops when

A) all of the cartilage of the epiphyseal plate calcifies.
B) the primary ossification centers cease to function.
C) chondrocytes are no longer produced in the epiphyseal plate.
D) osteoblasts are no longer produced in the epiphyseal plate.

Question 37

A fracture in which the bone has pierced the skin is called a ____________________ fracture.

Question 38

In growing children, a layer of cartilage called the ____________________ separates the epiphysis from the diaphysis.

Question 39

Which statement about the epiphyseal plate is correct?

A) It appears when bone growth stops.
B) It consists of a layer of hyaline cartilage and is the site of bone lengthening.
C) It consists of a layer of spongy bone and is the site of bone widening.
D) It appears after a fracture and is a form of scar tissue.