Question 1

Alcohol is implicated in more than ________ percent of violent child abuse.&#10;A) 30&#10;B) 70&#10;C) 50&#10;D) 90

Accepted Answer

50

Question 2

Which of the following is not true of hypnosis?&#10;A) The hypnotic state for one individual may be quite different from that for another individual.&#10;B) It is a unique, identifiable physical and mental state of consciousness.&#10;C) Hypnosis can result in hallucinations.&#10;D) Some people can be put into a trance more easily than others.

Accepted Answer

While some people argue that hypnosis is a unique, identifiable state of consciousness, there is significant debate within the scientific and psychological communities about whether such a state actually exists. As such, it is not universally accepted that hypnosis is a distinct or unique state of consciousness.

Question 3

When we are awake and alert, we are usually conscious of ________ around us.&#10;A) about half of what is going on&#10;B) virtually everything going on&#10;C) most of what is going on&#10;D) a small portion of what is going on

Accepted Answer

When we are awake and alert, our conscious awareness is actually focused on a relatively small portion of the total information and stimuli available in our environment. Our brains selectively attend to certain stimuli while filtering out others to prevent sensory overload.

Question 4

On a biochemical level, cocaine blocks the reabsorption of the neurotransmitter ________.&#10;A) acetylcholine&#10;B) serotonin&#10;C) dopamine&#10;D) epinephrine

Accepted Answer

Cocaine blocks the reabsorption of dopamine, leading to an increase in the concentration of dopamine in the synaptic gap. This disrupts normal brain communication and can lead to the desirable effects of cocaine, such as euphoria and increased energy.

Question 5

Milly is a heroin addict who is trying to quit her habit. Which of the following is she not likely to experience?&#10;A) profuse sweating&#10;B) severe cramps, vomiting, and diarrhea&#10;C) convulsive shaking and kicking&#10;D) periods of prolonged hyperactivity

Accepted Answer

Milly is not likely to experience periods of prolonged hyperactivity during the withdrawal process from heroin. Typical symptoms of heroin withdrawal include sweating, cramps, vomiting, diarrhea, and convulsive shaking and kicking. Hyperactivity is not a common symptom and is not expected to occur during the withdrawal process.

Question 6

The strong physical need for a substance, such as some drug, in order to avoid withdrawal is called ________.&#10;A) dependence&#10;B) tolerance&#10;C) potentiation&#10;D) a craving

Accepted Answer

Dependence refers to the state of relying on a substance to function normally, and withdrawal occurs when the substance is not available. Tolerance is the need for increasing amounts of a substance to achieve the same effect. Potentiation occurs when one substance enhances the effect of another substance. A craving is a strong desire or longing for something.

Question 7

George suffers from sleep apnea. He is likely to experience all of the following except ________.&#10;A) breathing difficulties at night&#10;B) arousal just short of waking consciousness with great frequency at night&#10;C) exhaustion during waking hours&#10;D) muscle-tone loss after expressions of emotion

Accepted Answer

Muscle-tone loss after expressions of emotion is not a common symptom of sleep apnea. The other three symptoms listed are commonly associated with sleep apnea.

Question 8

Paradoxical sleep refers to ________ sleep.&#10;A) Stage 2&#10;B) Stage 1&#10;C) REM&#10;D) Stage 4

Accepted Answer

Paradoxical sleep is also known as REM (rapid eye movement) sleep, which is a unique stage of sleep characterized by vivid dreaming, muscle atonia, and quick eye movements. During REM sleep, the brain is highly active, similar to being awake, but the body is paralyzed, preventing individuals from acting out their dreams.

Question 9

Harold is suffering from insomnia. Which of the following is something he probably should not do?&#10;A) Get out of bed and do something until he feels sleepy.&#10;B) Maintain regular bedtime hours.&#10;C) Establish a regular bedtime routine.&#10;D) Have a good stiff drink before bedtime.

Accepted Answer

Having a good stiff drink before bedtime may cause insomnia to worsen as alcohol can disrupt sleep patterns. It is not a recommended solution for insomnia.

Question 10

Each of the following is true of dreams except ________.&#10;A) the areas of the forebrain involved in working memory, attention, and logic are wildly active during dreams&#10;B) men tend to dream about male characters more often than women&#10;C) what people dream about is generally similar to what they think about and do while awake&#10;D) dream content is relatively consistent for most individuals, displaying similar themes across years and even decades

Accepted Answer

The areas of the forebrain involved in working memory, attention, and logic are not wildly active during dreams; instead, these areas are less active, which is why dreams often lack logical structure.

Deck 4: States of Consciousness