Question 1

Case studies, naturalistic observation, and surveys are best suited for ________ behaviors, beliefs, opinions, and attitudes.&#10;A) explaining&#10;B) describing&#10;C) predicting&#10;D) determining the causes

Accepted Answer

Case studies, naturalistic observation, and surveys can provide a detailed description of behaviors, beliefs, opinions, and attitudes. They are not necessarily designed to explain or predict the causes of these phenomena.

Question 2

The two schools of thought that paved the way for the cognitive revolution in psychology in the 1960s were ________.&#10;A) Gestalt theory and humanistic psychology&#10;B) psychodynamic theory and Gestalt theory&#10;C) humanistic psychology and behaviorism&#10;D) behaviorism and psychodynamic theory

Accepted Answer

Gestalt theory and humanistic psychology both emphasized understanding the human mind and behavior in a holistic manner, which contributed to the cognitive revolution's focus on mental processes.

Question 3

According to Wundt, the mind should be studied ________.&#10;A) scientifically&#10;B) according to philosophical traditions&#10;C) as a spiritual entity&#10;D) subjectively and introspectively

Accepted Answer

Wundt believed that the mind should be studied scientifically through empirical observations and experiments, rather than philosophically or subjectively through introspection or as a spiritual entity.

Question 4

B. F. Skinner is associated with ________.&#10;A) psychodynamic psychology&#10;B) Gestalt psychology&#10;C) existentialism&#10;D) behaviorism

Accepted Answer

B.F. Skinner is most closely associated with behaviorism, which emphasizes the role of the environment and reinforcement in shaping behavior. He is famous for his work on operant conditioning and proposed that behavior is shaped by its consequences.

Question 5

Research involving the exploration of the extent to which people differ from one culture to another is called ________ research.&#10;A) cross-sectional&#10;B) strain&#10;C) cross-cultural&#10;D) longitudinal

Accepted Answer

Cross-cultural research involves comparing and contrasting people from different cultures to explore the extent to which cultural differences impact behavior, attitudes, and beliefs. Cross-sectional research compares groups of individuals at one specific point in time, longitudinal research tracks the same individuals over an extended period of time, and strain research focuses on the negative impacts of stress and adversity on individuals.

Question 6

When you watch dogs play in the park or watch how your professors conduct their classes, you are engaging in a form of ________.&#10;A) case study research&#10;B) survey research&#10;C) psychometric study&#10;D) naturalistic observation

Accepted Answer

Naturalistic observation involves observing and recording behavior in naturally occurring situations without manipulation or control of the environment. This describes watching dogs play in the park or observing a professor's teaching style in a classroom setting. Case study research involves in-depth examination of a single individual or group, while survey research involves collecting data from a sample of participants through interviews, questionnaires, or other methods. Psychometric study involves the development and evaluation of psychological tests and measurements. None of these methods align with the examples given.

Question 7

A group of psychologists are interested in how hormones, psychoactive medications, and &#34;social drugs&#34; affect us. They are most likely to be ________.&#10;A) neuropsychologists&#10;B) biological psychologists&#10;C) experimental psychologists&#10;D) behavioral geneticists

Accepted Answer

Biological psychologists are interested in how biological factors, such as hormones and drugs, impact behavior and mental processes. Thus, they are the most likely group of psychologists to study the effects of hormones, psychoactive medications, and "social drugs."

Question 8

Personality theories contending that personality results from various psychological forces that interact within the individual, often outside the conscious awareness of the individual, are ________ theories.

A) behavioral
B) existential
C) psychodynamic
D) structural-functional

Accepted Answer

The description of personality resulting from various psychological forces that interact within the individual outside of their conscious awareness aligns with the central tenets of psychodynamic theories of personality, as put forth by theorists like Sigmund Freud and Carl Jung. Behavioral theories focus more on learned behaviors, while existential theories emphasize individual subjective experiences. Structural-functional theories emphasize the roles and functions of individual behaviors within a larger societal context.

Question 9

Wilhelm runs an experiment and finds that males with high levels of testosterone tend to be more physically aggressive than males with lower levels of testosterone. This leads him to believe that testosterone has a direct effect on physical aggression in males. Wilhelm's belief is best described as a ________.

A) thesis
B) prognosis
C) theory
D) hypothesis

Accepted Answer

The answer of Wilhelm runs an experiment and finds that...

Question 10

________ psychologists tend to see the mind as having &#34;psychological circuits&#34; so that human beings are predisposed to act in certain ways.&#10;A) Evolutionary&#10;B) Humanistic&#10;C) Behavioral&#10;D) Cognitive

Accepted Answer

Evolutionary psychologists believe that human behavior and cognition are shaped by natural selection and the need to adapt to our environment. They view the mind as having evolved a set of psychological circuits, or adaptations, that predispose us to act in certain ways. These circuits can be traced back to our ancestral past and have evolved over time to help us survive and reproduce.

Deck 1: The Science of Psychology