Question 1

Which of the following people is likely to experience the most stress in a given situation?&#10;A) an optimist with an external locus of control&#10;B) an optimist with an internal locus of control&#10;C) a pessimist with an external locus of control&#10;D) a pessimist with an internal locus of control

Accepted Answer

A pessimist with an external locus of control is likely to experience the most stress in a given situation because they tend to have a negative outlook on life and believe that events are outside of their control, which can lead to a sense of helplessness and increased stress levels. Optimists, regardless of their locus of control, tend to have a more positive outlook on life and are better able to cope with stress. Pessimists with an internal locus of control are more likely to take actions to alleviate stress, whereas those with an external locus of control may feel powerless to change their situation.

Question 2

When a family member dies, other members of the immediate family often develop psychosomatic illnesses. In addition to treating the physical illness, many physicians also recommend long-term psychological counseling to prevent people from entering the ________ stage of the general adaptation syndrome.

A) initial response
B) resistance
C) alarm reaction
D) exhaustion

exhaustion

Accepted Answer

The statement mentions the "general adaptation syndrome," which refers to the body's response to stress. The stages of the general adaptation syndrome are alarm reaction (initial response to stress), resistance (attempt to cope with the stressor), and exhaustion (when the body can no longer cope with the stressor). The statement mentions the need to prevent people from entering the exhaustion stage, which is associated with long-term exposure to stress. Therefore, the best choice is D, exhaustion.

Question 3

Acknowledging a stressful situation directly and attempting to find a solution to the problem or attain a difficult goal is called ________.&#10;A) sublimation&#10;B) compromise&#10;C) aggression&#10;D) confrontation

Accepted Answer

Confrontation involves facing a difficult or stressful situation head-on and attempting to find a resolution or achieve a goal. This can be a positive way of dealing with stress and can lead to a sense of empowerment and control over the situation. Sublimation involves channeling stress or negative emotions into a positive outlet, compromise involves finding a middle ground in a disagreement, and aggression involves responding aggressively or with hostility towards a stressful situation or individual. While there may be times when these other options are appropriate, confronting a situation directly is generally the most effective way to address stress.

Question 4

The phrase that best describes proactive coping is ________.&#10;A) &#34;a rose by any other name...&#34;&#10;B) &#34;turn a lemon into lemonade&#34;&#10;C) &#34;be prepared&#34;&#10;D) &#34;expect the worst&#34;

Accepted Answer

"Be prepared" best describes proactive coping as it involves anticipating and planning for potential stressors and challenges rather than simply reacting to them.

Question 5

________ coping tends to be problem-oriented and to focus on the immediate issue.&#10;A) Indirect&#10;B) Direct&#10;C) Defensive&#10;D) Passive

Accepted Answer

Direct coping involves dealing with a problem head-on and addressing it directly. This type of coping is problem-oriented and focuses on finding a solution to the issue at hand. Indirect coping, on the other hand, involves avoiding the problem or seeking comfort from others rather than addressing the problem directly. Defensive coping involves denying the problem or blaming others for the issue. Passive coping involves giving up or feeling helpless in the face of the problem.

Question 6

The well-adjusted person is one who probably ________.&#10;A) has learned to conform to society's norms&#10;B) has no personal problems&#10;C) does not experience frustration&#10;D) has chosen a role in life that is in harmony with his or her inner self

Accepted Answer

The well-adjusted person is one who has chosen a role in life that is in harmony with his or her inner self. This means that they have found a sense of purpose and fulfillment in their chosen path, which leads to a greater sense of overall satisfaction and contentment. A well-adjusted person may still experience frustration or personal problems, but they have the tools and resilience to manage and work through these challenges. Conforming to society's norms or having no personal problems does not necessarily indicate a well-adjusted person.

Question 7

Regarding bereavement, people who do not seek to find greater understanding or meaning in the death are the ________ adjusted and ________ depressed.&#10;A) worst; most&#10;B) best; most&#10;C) best; least&#10;D) worst; least

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that individuals who are able to find greater understanding and meaning in the death of a loved one tend to be better adjusted and less likely to experience prolonged depression. Therefore, option C, which states that individuals who do seek greater understanding and meaning are the best adjusted and least depressed, is the correct answer.

Question 8

Which of the following statements is true?&#10;A) Defensive coping signifies an impending breakdown.&#10;B) Defensive coping is used only by immature people.&#10;C) Defense mechanisms are maladaptive.&#10;D) Over the long run, defenses can hinder successful adjustment.

Accepted Answer

Over the long run, defenses can hinder successful adjustment. While defense mechanisms may serve a purpose in the short term, overusing them can lead to avoidance of problems and stagnation in personal growth. It is important to have a balance of healthy coping mechanisms and not rely solely on defenses.

Question 9

When you want to purchase a particular book, only to find out that it is out of stock at your local bookstore, you are most likely to experience ________.&#10;A) frustration&#10;B) conflict&#10;C) internal dissonance&#10;D) anxiety

Accepted Answer

Frustration is the most appropriate emotion when you are unable to purchase a book due to it being out of stock at your local bookstore.

Question 10

Soldiers who break down in the battlefield often cope with their situation by blocking out all memories of their behavior and their situation. This is a type of ________.&#10;A) repression&#10;B) withdrawal&#10;C) aggression&#10;D) intellectualization

Accepted Answer

Repression is a defense mechanism in which an individual blocks out painful memories, thoughts, or feelings from their conscious awareness. Soldiers who break down in the battlefield may use repression as a way to cope with their situation by blocking out all memories of their behavior and the situation they were in. Withdrawal, aggression, and intellectualization are other defense mechanisms that soldiers may use, but they are not specifically associated with blocking out memories.

Deck 11: Extension: Stress and Health Psychology