Question 1

Primary drives are found in ________.&#10;A) most animals except primates&#10;B) only mammals&#10;C) only reptiles and fish&#10;D) all animals

Accepted Answer

Primary drives are essential for the survival of all animals and are therefore found in all animals.

Question 2

Seeing a snake, running away from it, then becoming frightened is the sequence of events postulated by the ________ theory.&#10;A) Plutchik&#10;B) James-Lange&#10;C) Yerkes-Dodson&#10;D) Cannon-Bard

Accepted Answer

The James-Lange theory proposes that emotions stem from physiological arousal and behavioral reactions. In this scenario, the individual experiences the physical response of running and then interprets it as fear.

Question 3

A rabbit hears a rustle in some bushes and runs away in fear before it has time to evaluate the possibilities as to what made the rustling noise. This situation best supports ________ theories of emotion.

A) Spiesman's
B) Cannon's
C) Zajonc's
D) Freud's

Zajonc's

Accepted Answer

This situation is an example of the Zajonc's theory of emotion, which states that emotions can occur without cognitive appraisal or conscious awareness. The rabbit didn't have time to evaluate the situation and just reacted based on the fear response that is hardwired in its brain.

Question 4

The motive of self-actualization makes one want to ________.&#10;A) have frequent contact with others&#10;B) fulfill one's inborn potential&#10;C) convince others of one's true worth&#10;D) possess as many material goods as possible

Accepted Answer

The motive of self-actualization is about fulfilling one's inborn potential, striving towards personal growth and achieving one's own unique purpose or goals. This does not necessarily involve frequent contact with others (choice A), convincing others of one's worth (choice C), or accumulating material goods (choice D).

Question 5

Which of the following most accurately describes the relationship between frustration and aggression?&#10;A) Frustration is the least important among several types of experience that can provoke aggression.&#10;B) Frustration almost always leads to aggression.&#10;C) Frustration generates aggression most often in those people who have learned aggression as a coping mechanism.&#10;D) Unintentional interference with a task will lead people to become more aggressive.

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that frustration does not always lead to aggression, but rather it is the perception of the frustration as unjustified or avoidable that leads to aggressive behavior. Additionally, people who have learned aggression as a way to cope with frustration are more likely to respond aggressively. Therefore, option C, which states that frustration generates aggression most often in those people who have learned aggression as a coping mechanism, accurately describes the relationship between frustration and aggression.

Question 6

Married couples report having sex ________ often and being ________ satisfied with their sex lives than unmarried persons.&#10;A) less; more&#10;B) less; less&#10;C) more; more&#10;D) more; less

Accepted Answer

Research has consistently shown that married couples have more sex and are more satisfied with their sex lives than unmarried persons. However, it is worth noting that this may not be true for all marriages and that individual experiences may vary.

Question 7

Both motives and emotions move us toward some ________.&#10;A) incentive&#10;B) stimulus&#10;C) action&#10;D) equilibrium

Accepted Answer

Motives and emotions are both forces that drive us to take action towards a goal or objective. Incentives and stimuli may be factors that influence our motives and emotions, but they are not the end result. Equilibrium may ultimately be achieved through action, but it is not the driving force that moves us towards a goal. Therefore, C) action is the best answer.

Question 8

In a study in which men and women were shown people in distress, men showed ________.&#10;A) the same levels of physiological arousal but less emotional expression than women&#10;B) less physiological arousal and less emotional expression than women&#10;C) greater levels of physiological arousal but less emotional expression than women&#10;D) the same levels of physiological arousal and emotional expression as women

Accepted Answer

Studies have shown that men often experience similar levels of physiological arousal as women when exposed to people in distress but tend to express less emotion due to social and cultural norms around emotional expression.

Question 9

The major difference in animal and human sex drives is that ________.&#10;A) human sex drive is controlled by the male's reproductive system&#10;B) human sex drive is controlled by hormones&#10;C) humans are capable of sexual arousal at any time&#10;D) human sex drive is controlled by the female's reproductive system

Accepted Answer

Humans are unique in their capacity for sexual arousal at any time, not strictly limited to periods of fertility or mating seasons, unlike many animal species whose sexual behavior is often closely tied to reproductive cycles.

Question 10

Which of the following situations best illustrates how a stimulus motive can direct behavior?&#10;A) A rat will learn a maze in order to get food.&#10;B) Children who see an object new to their environment will usually pick it up and try to see how it works.&#10;C) People who are used to eating dinner at 6 P. M. feel hungrier as dinnertime approaches.&#10;D) Monkeys kept in a zoo will form male-female pairs, copulate, and rear their young.

Accepted Answer

Stimulus motives are unlearned motives that push organisms to explore or manipulate their environment. Choice B illustrates this concept as it describes children's innate curiosity and tendency to explore new objects, which is a behavior driven by stimulus motives rather than a specific physiological need or learned behavior.

Deck 8: Extension: Motivation and Emotion