Deck 13: Therapies

Question 1

The major goal of insight therapies is to give people ________.

A) clearer awareness and understanding of their feelings, motivations, and actions
B) basic training in observational learning and practice
C) help in understanding perceptual processes
D) feedback from their biologically controlled responses

Answer 1

clearer awareness and understanding of their feelings, motivations, and actions

Question 2

The patient's carrying over to the analyst feelings held toward childhood authority figures is known as ________.

A) free association
B) catharsis
C) abreaction
D) transference

Answer 2

transference

Question 3

Hollywood actress and model Brooke Shields was diagnosed with ________.

A) clinical depression
B) obsessive-compulsive disorder
C) posttraumatic stress disorder
D) somatization disorder

Answer 3

clinical depression

Question 4

In psychoanalysis, the goal of an analyst's interpretation of a patient's feelings is to ________.

A) give the patient guidelines for successful living
B) rid the patient of negative feelings
C) give the patient insight
D) encourage positive transference

Question 5

Psychoanalysis was a therapy technique designed by ________.

A) Alfred Adler
B) Carl Rogers
C) Sigmund Freud
D) Fritz Perls

Question 6

Bringing hidden feelings to consciousness is the goal of ________ therapy.

A) psychoanalytic
B) rational-emotive
C) behavior
D) client-centered

Question 7

Client-centered therapy, Gestalt therapy, and psychoanalysis are examples of ________ therapies.

A) behavior
B) insight
C) cognitive
D) reality

Question 8

Steve is 21 years old and has never gone on a date. His parents are concerned and take him to see a therapist. The therapist sits Steve on a couch and tells him to lie down and relax. The therapist sits behind Steve and asks him to say whatever comes into his head. Steve eventually talks about his fear of women, and the therapist asks him why he thinks he is afraid. Steve begins to talk about his early experiences with women: his mother, her friends, his teachers, and so on. Steve is undergoing ________ therapy.

A) behavior
B) psychoanalytic
C) client-centered
D) rational-emotive

Question 9

Each of the following developed a major form of insight therapy except ________.

A) Rogers
B) Perls
C) Ellis
D) Freud

Question 10

Hollywood actress and model Brooke Shields was diagnosed with the __________ type of depression.

A) postpartum
B) seasonal onset
C) manic
D) substance induced

Question 11

In psychotherapy, the awareness of previously unconscious feelings and memories and how they influence present feelings and behavior is called ________.

A) free association
B) catharsis
C) insight
D) transference

Question 12

Steve is 21 years old and has never gone on a date. His parents are concerned and take him to see a therapist. The therapist sits Steve on a couch and tells him to lie down and relax. The therapist sits behind Steve and asks him to say whatever comes into his head. Steve eventually talks about his fear of women, which leads him to think about his early experiences with women: his mother, her friends, his teachers, and so on. Steve is using ________.

A) the empty chair technique
B) pole-shifting
C) psychic determinism
D) free association

Question 13

Psychoanalysis is a type of ________ therapy.

A) behavior
B) reality
C) cognitive
D) insight

Question 14

The use of psychological techniques to treat personality and behavior disorders is called ________.

A) psychopathology
B) psychotherapy
C) psychoneuroimmunology
D) psychodynamics

Question 15

In psychoanalysis, "working through" provides people with ________.

A) a way to express positive transference
B) the analyst's interpretation of their problems
C) a chance to review and revise their response to childhood conflicts
D) a way to express negative transference

Question 16

A client lies on a couch, with the therapist sitting out of sight, behind him. The therapist gets to know the client's problems through free association, and positive and negative transference. The therapist encourages the client to "work through" his problems. This is ________ therapy.

A) client-centered
B) behavior
C) rational-emotive
D) psychoanalytic

Question 17

Free association is a technique used in ________ therapy.

A) Gestalt
B) rational-emotive
C) psychoanalytic
D) client-centered

Question 18

Client-centered therapy is a type of ________ therapy.

A) behavior
B) cognitive
C) reality
D) insight

Question 19

Therapies designed to give people better awareness and understanding of their feelings, motives, and actions are called ________ therapies.

A) behavioral
B) insight
C) individual
D) group

Question 20

The psychoanalytic patient who lets his thoughts flow without interruption or inhibition is using ________.

A) catharsis
B) positive transference
C) free association
D) regression

Question 21

Rogers felt that it was most important for clients to gain insight about ________.

A) current feelings
B) the effects of environmental stimuli on their behavior
C) repressed memories from early childhood
D) unconscious conflicts and wishes

Question 22

Hank's therapist asks him to engage in an imaginary conversation with his dead mother in order to resolve his feelings of sadness about her death. Hank's therapist is using the ________ technique.

A) reflection
B) empty chair
C) free association
D) catharsis

Question 23

Research has shown that a therapist's warmth and understanding increase therapeutic success ________.

A) only when using client-centered therapy
B) no matter what therapeutic approach is used
C) only when using cognitive therapy
D) only when using psychoanalytic therapy

Question 24

Gestalt therapy emphasizes ________.

A) finding the initial causes of current problems
B) early childhood influences on adult behavior
C) face-to-face confrontations
D) the role of unsatisfactory relationships in the development of maladaptive behaviors

Question 25

Client-centered therapy was founded by ________.

A) Jung
B) Wolpe
C) Rogers
D) Adler

Question 26

According to Rogers, the goal of client-centered therapy is to ________.

A) resolve emotional conflicts from the past
B) help clients accept their psychological and biological limitations
C) eliminate clients' unconditional positive regard
D) help clients become more fully functioning

Question 27

A therapist offers his patient unconditional positive regard, values the patient, and shows acceptance by reflecting the patient's statements. The therapist is using ________ therapy.

A) psychoanalytic
B) Gestalt
C) client-centered
D) rational-emotive

Question 28

Gestalt therapy emphasizes ________.

A) the role of unsatisfactory relationships in the development of maladaptive behaviors
B) early childhood influences on adult behavior
C) the present
D) finding the initial causes of current problems

Question 29

Making acceptance and love of a person contingent upon that person conforming to what you want them to be is known as ________.

A) positive transference
B) conditional positive regard
C) unconditional positive regard
D) psychological congruence

Question 30

Gestalt therapy is designed to help people ________.

A) become fully functioning
B) work through repressed conflicts
C) become more genuine in their daily interactions
D) achieve self-actualization

Question 31

The cardinal rule in client-centered therapy is for the therapist to express ________ for the patient.

A) unconditional positive regard
B) positive transference
C) conditional positive regard
D) psychological congruence

Question 32

In client-centered therapy, therapists try to ________.

A) reflect client statements
B) be active and directive whenever possible
C) suggest how clients might better handle a situation
D) suggest reasons why clients feel as they do

Question 33

In Gestalt therapy, the therapist is ________ and ________.

A) active; directive
B) passive; nondirective
C) active; nondirective
D) passive; directive

Question 34

________ of people who seek therapy go into traditional psychoanalysis.

A) A large minority
B) The vast majority
C) A small percentage
D) A slight majority

Question 35

Rogers felt therapists must express true acceptance for clients, no matter what they may say or do. He called this process of acceptance ________.

A) catharsis
B) unconditional positive regard
C) self-actualization
D) psychological congruence

Question 36

Rogers was mostly interested in ________.

A) measuring statistics of therapeutic outcomes
B) comparing his therapy to others to prove its superiority
C) understanding the processes in therapy that led to positive results
D) developing new research techniques for measuring personality variables

Question 37

Gestalt therapy is an outgrowth of the work of ________.

A) Wolpe
B) Rogers
C) Perls
D) Lazarus

Question 38

Most traditional psychoanalysts feel that ________ sessions a week are essential to successful therapy.

A) 1 - 3
B) 3 - 5
C) 5 - 7
D) 7 - 9

Question 39

Neo-Freudians differ from traditional Freudian approaches to therapy in that they encourage clients to focus on the ________ and they favor ________ their patients.

A) past; sitting behind and passively listening to
B) past; face-to face discussions with
C) present; sitting behind and passively listening to
D) present; face-to-face discussions with

Question 40

Traditional psychoanalysis can take ________ years or more to affect a recovery.

A) 15
B) 5
C) 2
D) 10

Question 41

Julie has a fear of riding in elevators. She goes to a therapist who first has her stand outside an elevator with him, and he talks to her until she is calm. Then, the two of them stand outside the elevator with the doors open. Then, they stand in it but do not ride in it. Finally, they ride in the elevator. At each stage, the therapist waits until Julie is completely relaxed before moving on to the next stage. This is an example of ________.

A) transactional analysis
B) aversive conditioning
C) systematic desensitization
D) operant conditioning

Question 42

The "empty chair technique" was first developed and used by ________ therapists.

A) Gestalt
B) client-centered
C) rational-emotive
D) psychoanalytic

Question 43

Recent trends in therapy have been toward ________.

A) short-term dynamic therapy
B) more traditional psychoanalytic approaches
C) longer-term humanistic approaches
D) metaphysical spiritual approaches

Question 44

Arranging anxiety-provoking situations in a hierarchy would be characteristic of ________.

A) behavioral contracting
B) aversive conditioning
C) operant conditioning
D) systematic desensitization

Question 45

Julian seeks professional help for his fear of spiders. In stages, his therapist shows him pictures, movies, and models of spiders; then a real dead spider, a small live spider in a jar, several live spiders in a jar, and finally a live spider loose in the room. At each stage, he made sure that Julian was fully relaxed. This technique is known as ________.

A) aversive conditioning
B) stepwise regression
C) transactional therapy
D) systematic desensitization

Question 46

According to behavior theory, the therapist should ________.

A) get the patient to ignore the problem
B) provide a warm atmosphere for discussing problems
C) provide insight into the cause of the problem
D) teach a client more satisfying ways of behaving

Question 47

The method that gradually reduces a client's fears by training the client to remain relaxed and calm in the presence of a fear-producing stimulus is ________.

A) free association
B) systematic desensitization
C) operant conditioning
D) reciprocal inhibition

Question 48

Recently evolving dynamic therapies ________.

A) focus on the effects of the client's current life situation and relationships
B) try to construct a narrative of the psyche
C) see the client as trapped by childhood conflicts
D) focus on the effects of innate sexual drives and repressed conflicts

Question 49

The delivery of health care over the Internet or other electronic means is known as ________.

A) secondary health care
B) telehealth
C) remote access health
D) distance health care

Question 50

A technique that aims to eliminate a fear through full-intensity exposure to a feared stimulus for a prolonged period of time is ________.

A) flooding
B) systematic desensitization
C) paradoxical intent
D) aversive conditioning

Question 51

Using a hierarchy of fears to help a client eliminate a phobia is most typical of ________.

A) aversive conditioning
B) operant conditioning
C) systematic desensitization
D) behavior contracting

Question 52

Each of the following is a classical conditioning technique used in behavior therapy except ________.

A) systematic desensitization
B) flooding
C) extinction
D) modeling

Question 53

Insight therapy that is time-limited and focused on trying to help clients correct the immediate problems in their lives is ________ therapy.

A) short-term psychodynamic therapy
B) client-centered
C) Gestalt
D) psychoanalysis

Question 54

Therapeutic approaches that are based on the belief that all normal and abnormal behavior is learned, and that the objective of therapy is to teach people new, more satisfying ways of behaving are ________ therapies.

A) short-term psychodynamic
B) cognitive
C) behavior
D) traditional psychodynamic

Question 55

Julian seeks professional help for his fear of spiders. In stages, his therapist shows him pictures, movies, and models of spiders; then a real dead spider, a small live spider in a jar, several live spiders in a jar, and finally a live spider loose in the room. At each stage, he made sure that Julian was fully relaxed. This therapist is most likely a ________ therapist.

A) client-centered
B) cognitive
C) behavior
D) psychoanalytic

Question 56

Which method is most appropriate for treating fears and phobias?

A) aversive conditioning
B) operant conditioning
C) systematic desensitization
D) behavioral contracting

Question 57

Martha and Stan are newlyweds. They see a therapist because Stan is afraid of sexual intercourse. The therapist asks Stan exactly which acts make him anxious, constructs a hierarchy of those threatening acts, teaches him to relax, and asks him to imagine each threatening scene in the hierarchy and use the relaxation technique to reduce his anxiety. The therapist is using ________.

A) negative reinforcement
B) systematic desensitization
C) stepwise regression
D) aversive conditioning

Question 58

Most present-day insight-oriented therapists are more ________ and emotionally ________ their clients than traditional orthodox psychoanalysts thought fit.

A) active; engaged with
B) active; detached from
C) passive; detached from
D) passive; engaged with

Question 59

Hank's therapist asks him to engage in an imaginary conversation with his dead mother in order to resolve his feelings of sadness about her death. Hank's therapist is probably a ________ therapist.

A) rational-emotive
B) psychoanalytic
C) Gestalt
D) client-centered

Question 60

Behavior therapists look upon anxiety as a(n)________.

A) result of childhood repression
B) indication of unconscious problems
C) learned problem to be alleviated
D) symptom of an underlying disorder

Question 61

A client at a mental institution is rewarded for improved grooming habits with tokens he can exchange for special foods or weekend passes. This technique is called ________.

A) behavioral contracting
B) transactional analysis
C) a token economy
D) reality therapy

Question 62

Making someone who is afraid of snakes handle dozens of snakes in an effort to get him to overcome his fear is called ________.

A) flooding
B) systematic desensitization
C) aversive conditioning
D) paradoxical intent

Question 63

Showing a client how his or her irrational and self-defeating beliefs are causing problems is most characteristic of ________ therapy.

A) behavioral
B) rational-emotive
C) psychoanalytic
D) client-centered

Question 64

Jerry is 22 years old and still gets cavities from eating too many sweets. Jerry's dentist trains him to think of the pain of having his teeth drilled each time he reaches for a piece of candy. The dentist is using ________ to cure Jerry's excessive intake of sweets.

A) behavioral contracting
B) aversive conditioning
C) negative transference
D) desensitization

Question 65

Stress-inoculation therapy involves ________.

A) providing patients with drug injections to make them more resistant to stress
B) using physical fitness techniques to improve clients' physical health that, in turn, makes them more resistant to stress
C) teaching people to anticipate and avoid situations that they find stressful
D) training clients to cope with situations they find stressful because of their misconceptions

Question 66

After Jeff is expelled from school for skipping too many classes, he seeks help from a therapist. The therapist develops a contract that specifies that if Jeff attends all of his classes, he will be allowed certain privileges at home. But if he skips classes, he will be subject to certain penalties. Jeff's therapist is probably a ________ therapist.

A) client-centered
B) rational-emotive
C) psychoanalytic
D) behavior

Question 67

Stress-inoculation therapy is one type of ________ therapy.

A) cognitive
B) rational-emotive
C) client-centered
D) psychoanalytic

Question 68

Modeling has been used successfully for each of the following except to ________.

A) help people overcome snake phobias
B) teach job skills to people with mental retardation
C) help alcoholic individuals reduce or eliminate their drinking
D) help people with mental retardation learn living skills

Question 69

Every time Jeanie opens her cigarette case or uses her lighter, she gets a painful electric shock. Jeanie's friends and family have been asked not to give her any matches or light any cigarettes for her, so she must use her own lighter if she wants to smoke. Eventually, Jeanie loses her desire to smoke, thanks to ________.

A) behavioral contracting
B) desensitization
C) negative transference
D) aversive conditioning

Question 70

Stress-inoculation therapy works by turning a client's ________ into a kind of vaccine against stress-induced anxiety.

A) memories
B) behaviors
C) thought patterns
D) emotions

Question 71

Eileen goes to a therapist for help in losing weight. She and her therapist develop an agreement spelling out weekly step-by-step methods to reach Eileen's ultimate weight goal. The plan specifies rewards for reaching weekly goals and penalties for not achieving her weekly objectives. Eileen is undergoing ________.

A) a token economy
B) classical conditioning
C) desensitization
D) behavioral contracting

Question 72

Which technique uses reinforcement to change behavior?

A) classical conditioning
B) aversive conditioning
C) desensitization
D) operant conditioning

Question 73

Token economies and behavioral contracting are techniques used by ________ therapists.

A) psychoanalytic
B) Gestalt
C) behavioral
D) rational-emotive

Question 74

Aversive conditioning is aimed at ________.

A) eliminating undesirable behavior patterns
B) giving the client insight into behavior problems
C) desensitizing the patient to his or her problems
D) teaching a client new behavioral strategies

Question 75

The process of learning by watching someone else perform various behaviors is called ________.

A) voyeurism
B) modeling
C) classical conditioning
D) free association

Question 76

Which of the following techniques would be most appropriate for treating alcoholism or smoking?

A) systematic desensitization
B) flooding
C) a token economy
D) aversive conditioning

Question 77

Psychotherapies that emphasize changing clients' perceptions of their life situation as a way of modifying their behavior are called ________ therapy.

A) behavior
B) client-centered
C) Gestalt
D) cognitive

Question 78

In which of the following therapies might a therapist use real physical pain to change behavior?

A) desensitization
B) operant conditioning
C) psychoanalysis
D) aversive conditioning

Question 79

Behavior contracting is a(n) ________ therapy technique.

A) Gestalt
B) cognitive
C) operant conditioning
D) classical conditioning

Question 80

Stress-inoculation therapy makes use of ________ to help clients cope with stressful situations.

A) self-talk
B) operant conditioning
C) self-efficacy expectancies
D) biofeedback