Deck 11: Stress and Health Psychology

Question 1

When we must speed up or intensify our efforts to live up to a higher standard of performance, we experience ________.

A) cognitive dissonance
B) anxiety
C) overload
D) pressure

Answer 1

pressure

Question 2

Stress is experienced ________.

A) only when we are faced with pleasant situations
B) in pleasant and unpleasant situations
C) only in life or death situations
D) only when we are faced with unpleasant situations

Answer 2

in pleasant and unpleasant situations

Question 3

Planning a picnic with some special friends and having it rain that day would likely lead to________.

A) conflict
B) internal dissonance
C) anxiety
D) frustration

Answer 3

frustration

Question 4

Regarding stress, ________ events are stressful.

A) neither major nor minor
B) both major and minor
C) minor, but not major
D) major, but not minor

Question 5

Jacob's father has always wanted him to be a lawyer. Jacob does not care about going to law school, but he does so to please his father. Jacob is responding to ________.

A) frustration
B) anxiety
C) conflict
D) pressure

Question 6

Bobbi is very interested in theater. When she fails to get the lead in the school play, rather than just give up her theatrical efforts, she accepts her smaller role. Her behavior is an example of ________.

A) adjustment
B) stress
C) coping
D) pressure

Question 7

Of the following, the most stressful event on the College Life Stress Inventory is ________.

A) being raped
B) death of a parent
C) contracting a sexually transmitted disease (STD)
D) being accused of rape

Question 8

________ occurs when a person is prevented from reaching a goal because someone or something is in the way.

A) Conflict
B) Frustration
C) Pressure
D) Anxiety

Question 9

In general, one's risk of developing a stress-induced illness goes up with ________ scores on the College Life Stress Inventory.

A) very low
B) extremely low or high
C) very high
D) moderate

Question 10

According to Lazarus, major events ________.

A) result only in minor stress
B) are unrelated to stress
C) trigger numerous little hassles that give rise to stress
D) are the chief direct source of stress

Question 11

________ life changes involve a certain amount of stress.

A) Only major positive
B) Only major negative
C) All major
D) Only some major positive and major negative

Question 12

Petty annoyances, irritations, and frustrations that arise from chronic or repeated conditions of living are called ________.

A) life events
B) irritants
C) hassles
D) catastrophes

Question 13

Delays, lack of resources, losses, and failures are all sources of ________ identified by your text.

A) pressure
B) internal dissonance
C) frustration
D) anxiety

Question 14

According to Lazarus, ________.

A) stress is only the result of life or death problems
B) stress is often the result of life's petty annoyances, irritations, and frustrations
C) stress is almost always the result of conflict
D) dramatic events are the chief source of stress

Question 15

When you want to purchase a particular book, only to find out that it is out of stock at your local bookstore, you are most likely to experience ________.

A) frustration
B) conflict
C) internal dissonance
D) anxiety

Question 16

Which of the following researchers is most closely associated with exploring the relationship of "hassles" to stress?

A) Lazarus
B) Holmes
C) Rahe
D) Selye

Question 17

Any environmental demand that creates a state of tension or threat and requires change or adaptation is called ________.

A) pressure
B) adjustment
C) a stressor
D) arousal

Question 18

The College Life Stress Inventory (CLSI) measures stress caused mainly by ________.

A) pressure
B) change
C) mental health problems
D) physical disease

Question 19

Of the following, the most stressful event on the College Life Stress Inventory is ________.

A) the death of a parent
B) finding out you are HIV positive
C) being accused of rape
D) the death of a close friend

Question 20

Gloria wants to be the best account executive her firm has ever seen, in the hope that she may quickly be promoted to vice president for investment and finance. She is pushing herself to achieve perfection because of ________.

A) frustration
B) internal dissonance
C) pressure
D) anxiety

Question 21

Of all of life's troubles, ________ is probably the most common.

A) pressure
B) conflict
C) frustration
D) failure

Question 22

Being told by your boss that you can either quit or you will be fired is an example of a(n) ________ conflict.

A) approach/avoidance
B) double approach/avoidance
C) avoidance/avoidance
D) approach/approach

Question 23

According to Lewin, the result of simultaneous attraction to two appealing possibilities, neither of which has any negative qualities is called an ________ conflict.

A) approach/avoidance
B) incompatible demands
C) avoidance/avoidance
D) approach/approach

Question 24

For someone who likes both movies and concerts, choosing between going to one or the other represents an ________ conflict.

A) approach/approach
B) avoidance/avoidance
C) incompatible demands
D) approach/avoidance

Question 25

An example of an approach/approach conflict is ________.

A) a person choosing between retiring in the Bahamas or in Tahiti
B) wanting to eat some cake but not wanting the calories
C) wanting to drive a car at age 14
D) a person facing "the devil or the deep blue sea"

Question 26

People are likely to sit down and wait for events to resolve things for them if caught in a(n) ________ conflict.

A) avoidance/avoidance
B) approach/approach
C) approach/avoidance
D) double approach/avoidance

Question 27

Each of the following is considered by your text to be one of the five common sources of frustration except ________.

A) anxiety
B) discrimination
C) lack of resources
D) losses

Question 28

You disagree with your boss, and you want to convince her that she's wrong. But if you argue with her, you run the risk of being fired. This situation illustrates a(n) ________.

A) approach/approach
B) avoidance/avoidance
C) approach/avoidance
D) double approach/avoidance

Question 29

People usually try to escape the situation altogether when caught in a(n) ________ conflict.

A) avoidance/avoidance
B) approach/avoidance
C) approach/approach
D) double approach/avoidance

Question 30

Which of the following is not one of the types of conflict described by Lewin?

A) approach/approach
B) avoidance/avoidance
C) incompatible demands
D) approach/avoidance

Question 31

Conflict was described in terms of its two opposite tendencies of approach and avoidance by ________.

A) Coleman
B) Freud
C) Lewin
D) Epstein

Question 32

Sam spends six years in college earning his bachelor's degree in psychology and his master's degree in human relations. After graduation, he has difficulty finding a job due to an overabundance of people with human relations training. Soon, Sam begins to act overly defensive and somewhat hostile towards his family. Sam's behavior is due to ________.

A) frustration
B) pressure
C) anxiety
D) conflict

Question 33

A single goal whose attainment produces both good and bad consequences usually creates a(n) ________ conflict.

A) approach/avoidance
B) double approach/avoidance
C) avoidance/avoidance
D) approach/approach

Question 34

The old saying "damned if you do and damned if you don't" most resembles a(n) ________ conflict.

A) double approach/avoidance
B) approach/avoidance
C) approach/approach
D) avoidance/avoidance

Question 35

According to your text, Lewin identified ________ basic types of conflict.

A) four
B) three
C) five
D) two

Question 36

According to Lewin, the result of facing a choice between two undesirable possibilities, neither of which has any positive qualities, is called a(n) ________ conflict.

A) avoidance/avoidance
B) approach/avoidance
C) approach/approach
D) multiple approach/avoidance

Question 37

Amy wants to be a dentist but can't get into dental school despite two years of trying because her grades are too low. She is angry at herself for not earning better grades and feels that continuing to apply to other dental schools is hopeless. Her feelings stem from ________.

A) conflict
B) frustration
C) anxiety
D) internal dissonance

Question 38

Henry's term paper is due and he hasn't finished it. He can turn in the unfinished paper and receive a failing grade or he can hand it in late, in which case he will lose so many points he will also fail. Henry's dilemma would be described by Lewin as a(n) ________ conflict.

A) double approach/avoidance
B) avoidance/avoidance
C) approach/avoidance
D) approach/approach

Question 39

Each of the following is considered by your authors to be one of the five common sources of frustration except ________.

A) failure
B) depression
C) delay
D) lack of resources

Question 40

The necessity to choose between two incompatible needs, demands, opportunities, or goals is called ________.

A) pressure
B) anxiety
C) dissonance
D) conflict

Question 41

________ coping tends to be problem-oriented and to focus on the immediate issue.

A) Indirect
B) Direct
C) Defensive
D) Passive

Question 42

The idea that Americans learn aggressive driving habits by viewing risky driving in movies and television commercials is known as the ________ hypothesis.

A) primacy
B) displacement
C) crowding
D) cultural

Question 43

The ability to "bounce back," recover one's self-confidence, good spirits, and hopeful attitude after extreme and prolonged stress is called ________.

A) self-efficacy
B) hardiness
C) reactivity
D) resilience

Question 44

Which of the following people is likely to experience the least stress in a given situation?

A) a pessimist with an external locus of control
B) an optimist with an external locus of control
C) an optimist with an internal locus of control
D) a pessimist with an internal locus of control

Question 45

An internal source of stress described by Ellis and Harper is a set of ________.

A) hardiness traits
B) projection cues
C) response cues
D) irrational beliefs

Question 46

There are two general types of coping with stress: ________ coping.

A) passive and defensive
B) direct and defensive
C) active and passive
D) direct and active

Question 47

Which of the following people is likely to experience the most stress in a given situation?

A) an optimist with an external locus of control
B) an optimist with an internal locus of control
C) a pessimist with an external locus of control
D) a pessimist with an internal locus of control

Question 48

Each of the following is one of the three main theories of road rage except the ________.

A) cultural hypothesis
B) displacement hypothesis
C) crowding hypothesis
D) primacy hypothesis

Question 49

Gail feels she must be loved by everyone for everything she does. Since this is impossible, she feels worthless as a human being. Her psychologist says her problem arises from several irrational beliefs. This psychologist's theory most closely supports the ideas of ________.

A) Ellis and Harper
B) Cattell
C) Lewin
D) Rogers

Question 50

The phrase "a mixed blessing" most accurately describes a(n) ________ conflict.

A) double approach/avoidance
B) approach/approach
C) avoidance/avoidance
D) approach/avoidance

Question 51

The idea that people are more likely to lose their tempers while driving if they have suffered recent blows to their self-esteem and seek to recoup their sense of worth by winning battles on the road is the ________ hypothesis.

A) displacement
B) crowding
C) cultural
D) primacy

Question 52

Confrontation, compromise, and withdrawal are all forms of ________.

A) self-deception
B) direct coping
C) indirect coping
D) defensive coping

Question 53

The idea that more cars on the highway result in more traffic, leading to more traffic jams that result in more frustration and stress, causing more hostility and eventually more aggressive driving behavior and violence is the ________ hypothesis

A) crowding
B) primacy
C) displacement
D) cultural

Question 54

Sue feels she must be competent, adequate, and successful in everything she does. Since this is impossible she feels worthless as a human being. Ellis and Harper would say her problem arises from ________.

A) irrational beliefs
B) faulty expectations
C) faulty personal "tapes"
D) faulty response cues

Question 55

The walls of Martha and Bill's apartment complex are very thin. Often, they cannot fall asleep because the people who live downstairs play their radio too loudly at night. After years of putting up with the noise, they rent a house of their own. Their behavior represents ________ coping.

A) indirect
B) defensive
C) direct
D) adaptive

Question 56

The feeling of being in control of one's life is described as ________.

A) hardiness
B) self-actualization
C) confidence
D) resilience

Question 57

Each of the following is a type of direct coping except ________.

A) compromise
B) denial
C) confrontation
D) withdrawal

Question 58

The walls of Martha and Bill's apartment complex are very thin. Often, they cannot fall asleep because the people who live downstairs play their radio too loudly at night. One night, Bill asked them several times to turn down the radio. When they did not, he called the police. Bill's reaction represents ________ coping.

A) direct
B) adaptive
C) indirect
D) defensive

Question 59

One survey found that ________ out of 10 drivers had been threatened by aggressive driving within the previous year.

A) seven
B) three
C) nine
D) five

Question 60

Any intentional effort to change an uncomfortable situation is called ________ coping.

A) indirect
B) aggressive
C) direct
D) defensive

Question 61

Self-deceptive techniques identified by Freud for reducing stress are called ________.

A) direct coping mechanisms
B) defense mechanisms
C) avoidance behaviors
D) response characteristics

Question 62

Avoiding a situation when other forms of coping are not practical is known as ________.

A) withdrawal
B) confrontation
C) compromise
D) intellectualization

Question 63

Perhaps the greatest danger of withdrawal as a way of coping is that it will ________.

A) result in stoicism in all similar future situations
B) result in avoidance of similar future situations
C) result in aggression
D) eliminate the chance for future compromise

Question 64

Which of the following statements is true of defense mechanisms?

A) They indicate future psychosis in an individual.
B) They indicate the presence of severe neuroses.
C) They are self-deceptive techniques.
D) They are not used by well-adjusted people.

Question 65

Expressions of anger are a form of ________.

A) compromise
B) withdrawal
C) confrontation
D) abreaction

Question 66

Which of the following is not one of the techniques discussed in your text for coping with stress at college?

A) exercise
B) meditate
C) listen to your favorite music
D) avoid needlessly talking to others

Question 67

Defensive coping is a form of ________.

A) confrontation
B) self-deception
C) aggression
D) compromise

Question 68

When individuals realize their adversary is more powerful than they are, a positive and realistic adjustment is ________.

A) withdrawal
B) aggression
C) regression
D) denial

Question 69

Refusing to acknowledge a painful or threatening reality is ________.

A) projection
B) repression
C) rationalization
D) denial

Question 70

Deciding on a more realistic solution or goal when an ideal solution or goal is not practical is called ________.

A) intellectualization
B) compromise
C) withdrawal
D) confrontation

Question 71

In a contract negotiation, union leaders initially demand a $2 per hour raise. Management does not want to give workers a raise at all. Eventually, both sides agree to a $1 per hour raise. This is an example of ________.

A) compromise
B) sublimation
C) confrontation
D) displacement

Question 72

Acknowledging a stressful situation directly and attempting to find a solution to the problem or attain a difficult goal is called ________.

A) sublimation
B) compromise
C) aggression
D) confrontation

Question 73

Parents of children with cancer who refuse to believe that their children are dying are coping with their problems through the technique of ________.

A) denial
B) sublimation
C) reaction formation
D) projection

Question 74

When people try to convince themselves that they are not really threatened, they are using ________.

A) withdrawal
B) indirect coping
C) direct coping
D) defense mechanisms

Question 75

Which of the following is not one of the techniques discussed in your text for coping with stress at college?

A) procrastinate
B) meditate
C) make a list of everything you have to do and highlight the high priority items
D) watch a movie or television show

Question 76

One of the most common and effective ways of coping with a conflict is to ________.

A) compromise
B) be aggressive
C) withdraw
D) deny the conflict

Question 77

The self-deceptive elements of defensive coping led Freud to believe that these elements were ________.

A) totally conscious
B) unconscious
C) maladaptive
D) manipulative

Question 78

After weeks of being taunted by her so-called "friends" at school, Alyssa begins actively avoiding them whenever possible. Her coping style is best described as ________.

A) compromise
B) rationalization
C) confrontation
D) withdrawal

Question 79

Lilly has been told by her doctor that she is suffering from a terminal illness. Instead of making preparations for her demise, she acts as if nothing is wrong and tells her friends that her doctor is a "quack" who misdiagnosed her illness. She believes that she will recover despite her doctor's warning. Her behavior is typical of someone using ________.

A) rationalization
B) projection
C) denial
D) repression

Question 80

In situations where people are under stress but there is little or nothing they can do to cope directly with the stress, they are likely to turn to ________.

A) aggression
B) confrontation
C) defense mechanisms
D) compromise