Deck 16: Approaches to Treatment and Therapy

Question 1

Which of the following therapists developed rational emotive behavior therapy?

A) B. F. Skinner
B) Aaron Beck
C) Albert Ellis
D) Irvin Yalom

Answer 1

Albert Ellis

Question 2

Many people respond positively to a new drug just because of the enthusiasm surrounding it and their own expectations that the drug will make them feel better. This phenomenon is called the:

A) placebo effect.
B) novelty bias.
C) therapeutic window.
D) publication bias.

Answer 2

placebo effect.

Question 3

Which of the following is generally more important than the specific technique a therapist uses in determining the success of psychotherapy?

A) how long the therapy lasts
B) the insight that the therapy provides the client
C) the bond between the therapist and the client
D) whether the therapist and client are matched by gender

Answer 3

the bond between the therapist and the client

Question 4

The primary goal of _______ is to find meaning in life and accept inevitable losses.

A) cognitive therapy
B) humanist therapy
C) existential therapy
D) behavior therapy

Question 5

In many ways, the scientist-practitioner gap centers around which of the following questions?

A) Can the effectiveness of psychotherapy be studied scientifically?
B) Should therapists be allowed to use their patients in scientific experiments?
C) Should psychology researchers all be required to be trained as therapists?
D) Should therapists be required to use a control group when treating patients?

Question 6

Antipsychotic drugs offer little relief from which of the following symptoms of schizophrenia?

A) emotional flatness
B) agitation
C) delusions
D) hallucinations

Question 7

Who of the following was a humanist therapist?

A) Carl Rogers
B) Aaron Beck
C) Albert Ellis
D) Sigmund Freud

Question 8

Who would likely benefit most from taking lithium carbonate?

A) Zara, who is near death from starving herself.
B) Jonathan, who swings from mania to thoughts of suicide.
C) Josué, who has hallucinations and delusions.
D) Barbara, who experiences excessive worry and anxiety.

Question 9

Which of the following drugs is a first-generation neuroleptic drug?

A) Clozaril
B) Risperdal
C) Zyprexa
D) Thorazine

Question 10

Systematic desensitization for the treatment of phobias is a type of:

A) psychodynamic therapy.
B) behavior therapy.
C) cognitive therapy.
D) humanist therapy.

Question 11

A family therapist would be most likely to agree that:

A) family members need to be taught to provide one another with unconditional positive regard.
B) efforts to isolate and treat one member of a family, without the other family members, are doomed.
C) behavioral records and skills training are necessary tools to heal the wounded member of a family.
D) problems in a family can usually be traced to a single, troubled individual.

Question 12

Electroconvulsive therapy and transcranial magnetic stimulation are primarily used to treat:

A) anxiety.
B) psychosis.
C) major depression.
D) obsessive-compulsive disorder.

Question 13

After a long period of controlled trials, the FDA approves a drug for the treatment of school-aged boys with ADHD. After it is approved, doctors are permitted to prescribe it:

A) only for school-aged boys with a diagnosis of ADHD.
B) for anyone diagnosed with ADHD.
C) for other conditions, but only to school-aged boys.
D) for other conditions and to populations other than school-aged boys.

Question 14

This class of drugs is primarily used to manage heart irregularities and hypertension, but it is also sometimes used to relieve acute anxiety.

A) tricyclics
B) beta blockers
C) MAOIs
D) neuroleptics

Question 15

Antipsychotic drugs are also known as:

A) tricyclics.
B) monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs).
C) neuroleptics.
D) serotonin selective reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs).

Question 16

_______ involves providing a nonjudgmental setting in which to discuss issues while providing the client with unconditional positive regard.

A) Existential therapy
B) Client-centered therapy
C) Rational-emotive behavior therapy
D) Modern psychodynamic therapy

Question 17

In addition to depression, antidepressant drugs are also used in the treatment of:

A) bipolar disorder.
B) anxiety.
C) delusions.
D) schizophrenia.

Question 18

Cognitive therapy's greatest success has been in the treatment of:

A) schizophrenia.
B) antisocial personality disorder.
C) dissociative identity disorder.
D) depression.

Question 19

After seeing her therapist for a month, Kenya feels that they share a bond based on mutual understanding that is helping her work through her problems. This bond is referred to as:

A) unconditional positive regard.
B) the therapeutic alliance.
C) the scientist-practitioner gap.
D) the client-therapist relationship.

Question 20

Which of the following is an element of psychodynamic therapy?

A) transference
B) counterconditioning
C) unconditional positive regard
D) flooding

Question 21

Who would likely benefit most from taking lithium carbonate?

A) Zara, who is near death from starving herself.
B) Jonathan, who swings from mania to thoughts of suicide.
C) Josué, who has hallucinations and delusions.
D) Barbara, who experiences excessive worry and anxiety.

Question 22

In a recent study (mentioned in your textbook) regarding people with aggressive outbursts, the group that received ___________ improved the most.

A) Risperdal
B) a placebo
C) Haldol
D) MAOIs

Question 23

People suffering from bipolar disorder often are helped by taking ________, but they must be very careful with the dose they take, because too much can be toxic.

A) an antipsychotic drug
B) a tranquilizer
C) lithium carbonate
D) an antidepressant

Question 24

A drug that elevates the levels of norepinephrine and serotonin in the brain by blocking an enzyme that deactivates these neurotransmitters would most likely be used to treat:

A) psychosis.
B) dissociative identity disorder.
C) bipolar disorder.
D) depression.

Question 25

_________, such as Valium and Xanax, increase the activity of the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA).

A) Antipsychotic drugs
B) Tranquilizers
C) Lithium carbonate drugs
D) Antidepressants

Question 26

Antipsychotic drugs offer little relief from which of the following symptoms of schizophrenia?

A) jumbled thoughts
B) agitation
C) delusions
D) hallucinations

Question 27

At this time, _________________ explanations and treatments for mental disorders are dominant.

A) humanist
B) biological
C) behavioral
D) psychodynamic

Question 28

Antipsychotics have been shown to be ineffective for the treatment of:

A) hallucinations.
B) agitation.
C) aggressive outbursts.
D) delusions.

Question 29

Ever since she was mugged a month ago, Mona experiences acute anxiety when she leaves her apartment. Her doctor writes a prescription for a drug to temporarily reduce her anxiety, but he tells Mona that she may need to see a therapist because taking this type of drug over a long period is not the treatment of choice. What type of drug was most likely prescribed by Mona's doctor?

A) an antipsychotic
B) lithium carbonate
C) a tranquilizer
D) an antidepressant

Question 30

Antipsychotic drugs are also known as:

A) tricyclics.
B) monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs).
C) neuroleptics.
D) serotonin selective reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs).

Question 31

In addition to depression, antidepressant drugs are also used in the treatment of:

A) bipolar disorder.
B) anxiety.
C) delusions.
D) schizophrenia.

Question 32

Suppose a new drug is developed, which increases the activity of the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in the brain. This drug is most likely to:

A) be calming and reduce anxiety.
B) reduce psychotic episodes.
C) reduce feelings of sadness and improve mood.
D) reduce manic behaviors.

Question 33

One immediate side effect of antipsychotic drugs is:

A) sudden dementia.
B) ADHD.
C) extreme weight gain.
D) aggressiveness.

Question 34

This class of drugs is primarily used to manage heart irregularities and hypertension, but it is also sometimes used to relieve acute anxiety.

A) tricyclics
B) beta blockers
C) MAOIs
D) neuroleptics

Question 35

Which of the following drugs is a second-generation neuroleptic drug?

A) Elavil
B) Clozaril
C) Thorazine
D) Haldol

Question 36

Which of the following would likely be the most useful in reducing a patient's agitation, delusions, and hallucinations?

A) an antipsychotic drug
B) a tranquilizer
C) lithium carbonate
D) an antidepressant

Question 37

Which of the following drugs is a first-generation neuroleptic drug?

A) Clozaril
B) Risperdal
C) Zyprexa
D) Thorazine

Question 38

Antipsychotic drugs offer little relief from which of the following symptoms of schizophrenia?

A) emotional flatness
B) agitation
C) delusions
D) hallucinations

Question 39

A neurological disorder called tardive dyskinesia is a serious side effect associated with the use of:

A) antidepressants.
B) tranquilizers.
C) lithium carbonate.
D) antipsychotics.

Question 40

In his first year of college, Ronald began to behave irrationally and hear voices that were not really there. A psychiatrist diagnosed him as having schizophrenia and prescribed a drug to reduce the psychosis Ronald was experiencing. The intended effect of the drug is likely to:

A) elevate the levels of norepinephrine and serotonin in the brain.
B) block or reduce the sensitivity of dopamine receptors.
C) increase dopamine activity in the brain.
D) block the reuptake of norepinephrine by neurons.

Question 41

Maureen is in therapy because she is very frightened of her father and feels tongue-tied around him. After a few months, she begins to feel frightened of her therapist also. According to Freud, this would be an example of:

A) object relations.
B) counterconditioning.
C) transference.
D) an existential crisis.

Question 42

The tendency for journals to publish studies that have positive findings, rather than negative or ambiguous results, is called:

A) confirmation bias.
B) overreaching bias.
C) publication bias.
D) enterprise bias.

Question 43

A therapist is interested in interpreting dreams and in having clients relate stories about their childhoods. This person is most likely to be a:

A) client-centered therapist.
B) psychodynamic therapist.
C) cognitive therapist.
D) behavior therapist.

Question 44

Which of the following procedures requires surgery to implant electrodes into the brain and an embedded box under the collarbone?

A) deep brain stimulation
B) electroconvulsive therapy
C) prefrontal lobotomy
D) transcranial magnetic stimulation

Question 45

A therapist's goal is to delve into the unconscious processes of his patients. He is most likely to consider himself a practitioner of:

A) client-centered therapy.
B) rational emotive therapy.
C) psychodynamic therapy.
D) existential therapy.

Question 46

________ is a procedure used in cases of prolonged and severe major depression, in which a brief brain seizure is induced.

A) Electroencephalography
B) Magnetic resonance therapy
C) Electroconvulsive therapy
D) Positron emission tomography

Question 47

Researchers are now looking for new ways to stimulate the brains of severely depressed individuals. One method, called __________, involves the use of a pulsing coil held to a person's skull at the left prefrontal cortex.

A) psychosurgery
B) deep brain stimulation
C) electroconvulsive therapy
D) transcranial magnetic stimulation

Question 48

Many people respond positively to a new drug just because of the enthusiasm surrounding it and their own expectations that the drug will make them feel better. This phenomenon is called the:

A) placebo effect.
B) novelty bias.
C) therapeutic window.
D) publication bias.

Question 49

A person may have short-term success with antipsychotic or antidepressant drugs, but at least half of patients stop taking them, often because of the ________ of the medication.

A) foul taste
B) unpleasant side effects
C) unproven effectiveness
D) societal stigma

Question 50

The proponents of ________ therapies also refer to their methods as "depth" therapies.

A) humanist
B) psychodynamic
C) behavior
D) cognitive

Question 51

Which treatment is LEAST likely to be used today?

A) drug therapy
B) prefrontal lobotomy
C) ECT
D) behavior therapy

Question 52

Which of the following is an element of psychodynamic therapy?

A) transference
B) counterconditioning
C) unconditional positive regard
D) flooding

Question 53

Electroconvulsive therapy and transcranial magnetic stimulation are primarily used to treat:

A) anxiety.
B) psychosis.
C) major depression.
D) obsessive-compulsive disorder.

Question 54

Electroconvulsive therapy has been used successfully to treat ________ that has not responded to other treatments, but its effects are short lived.

A) severe anxiety
B) severe depression
C) schizophrenia
D) obsessive-compulsive disorder

Question 55

When a patient comes in complaining of a headache, the therapist views the headache as the tip of a mental iceberg, with the real problem hidden in the deep unconscious. Which type of therapy would this represent?

A) psychoanalytic
B) behavioral
C) cognitive
D) existential

Question 56

In the 1950's, Emily had a procedure done to her in which the doctor used an instrument to cut the nerve fibers connecting her prefrontal cortex to the rest of the brain. This procedure, called _____________, left her withdrawn and unable to care for herself.

A) ECT
B) deep brain surgery
C) a lobotomy
D) transcranial stimulation

Question 57

After a long period of controlled trials, the FDA approves a drug for the treatment of school-aged boys with ADHD. After it is approved, doctors are permitted to prescribe it:

A) only for school-aged boys with a diagnosis of ADHD.
B) for anyone diagnosed with ADHD.
C) for other conditions, but only to school-aged boys.
D) for other conditions and to populations other than school-aged boys.

Question 58

Balthazar is being treated through a procedure in which electrodes are placed on both sides of his head and a brief current is turned on. The current triggers a seizure that lasts about a minute, causing his body to convulse. This type of treatment is known as:

A) SSRI.
B) MAO.
C) ECT.
D) PET.

Question 59

Ralph is a bright student but he procrastinates. He postpones writing term papers and gets incomplete grades from his teachers that eventually become F's. After exploring his early childhood memories with a therapist for almost a year, Ralph comes to the insight that he procrastinates as a way of expressing anger toward his parents. The treatment method used to help Ralph deal with his problem is most likely:

A) psychodynamic therapy.
B) behavior therapy.
C) cognitive therapy.
D) humanist therapy.

Question 60

The originator of the famous "talking cure" in psychology was:

A) Sigmund Freud.
B) Carl Rogers.
C) John Watson.
D) Albert Ellis.

Question 61

A form of therapy that applies principles of classical and operant conditioning to help people change self-defeating or problematic behaviors is called __________ therapy.

A) psychodynamic
B) humanist
C) existential
D) behavior

Question 62

Which method of treating a client with a phobia of spiders would be the most intense, if not terrifying, for the client?

A) flooding
B) graduated exposure
C) systematic desensitization
D) counterconditioning

Question 63

Don's therapist has directed him to document on a daily basis the times, places, and conditions under which he goes to smoke a cigarette. Don discovers that he often ends up smoking outside his office building with his boss and enjoys the chance to chat with her. The therapist explains to Don that these conversations are:

A) a kind of counterconditioning.
B) a form of transference.
C) unconditional positive regard.
D) acting as a reinforcer.

Question 64

Psychologists who practice behavioral therapy focus on the client's:

A) unconscious anxieties.
B) relationships with parents.
C) methods of coping with inescapable realities of life.
D) current behavior and attitudes.

Question 65

Systematic desensitization is based on:

A) counterconditioning.
B) operant conditioning.
C) stimulus generalization.
D) spontaneous recovery.

Question 66

With which of the behavioral therapy techniques are the concepts of modeling and role-playing most likely to be associated?

A) behavioral self-monitoring
B) counterconditioning
C) skills training
D) flooding

Question 67

Diana is a bright student, but she procrastinates. She puts off writing term papers and gets incomplete grades from her teachers which eventually become F's. Diana's therapist has her write down her thoughts about work, read the thoughts as if someone else had said them, and then write a rational response to each one. The treatment method used to help Diana deal with her problem is:

A) psychodynamic therapy.
B) behavior therapy.
C) cognitive therapy.
D) humanist therapy.

Question 68

Virtual reality devices permit behavior therapists to conduct _______________ in their offices.

A) rational emotive behavior therapy
B) transference
C) exposure therapy
D) existential therapy

Question 69

________ would be most likely to encourage a client to test her beliefs against the evidence, because depression is often caused by misinformation and unproductive beliefs.

A) Aaron Beck
B) B. F. Skinner
C) Carl Rogers
D) Sigmund Freud

Question 70

________ is the process in which the client transfers unconscious emotions or reactions, such as emotional feelings about his or her parents, onto the therapist.

A) Flooding
B) Counterconditioning
C) Transference
D) Repression

Question 71

Systematic desensitization for the treatment of phobias is a type of:

A) psychodynamic therapy.
B) behavior therapy.
C) cognitive therapy.
D) humanist therapy.

Question 72

Which of the following therapists is associated with cognitive therapy?

A) Salvador Minuchin
B) Carl Rogers
C) Sigmund Freud
D) Aaron Beck

Question 73

Cognitive models of therapy tend to focus on:

A) identifying unconscious motives and feelings.
B) changing unproductive ways of thinking.
C) modifying behaviors through conditioning.
D) helping clients fulfill their potential.

Question 74

Which of the behavioral therapy techniques requires clients to keep careful data on the frequency and the consequences of the behavior to be changed?

A) behavioral self-monitoring
B) counterconditioning
C) skills training
D) graduated exposure

Question 75

Joshua is transferred to an office located on the tenth floor of a building. The problem is that he fears heights so much that he never goes above the third floor in any building. His therapist teaches him to relax deeply while imagining himself looking out over a balcony. As therapy progresses, Joshua imagines himself on higher and higher floors. This technique is called:

A) systematic desensitization.
B) rational-emotive behavioral therapy.
C) flooding.
D) transference.

Question 76

A technique that assumes it is impossible to be relaxed and anxious at the same time is:

A) systematic desensitization.
B) skills training.
C) transference.
D) flooding.

Question 77

What is the goal of the technique known as graduated exposure?

A) to uncover unconscious conflicts pertaining to a feared object
B) to understand the family dynamic that contributed to the development of a fear
C) to reverse the tendency to avoid fearful situations, objects, or upsetting memories
D) to identify irrational ways of thinking that contribute to perpetuating the fear

Question 78

Bill has always had a terrible fear of dogs, and it causes problems in his life. He tells you that his therapist is having him look at pictures of dogs while trying to remain relaxed. His next step will be to begin interacting with actual dogs and learning to remain relaxed. You might want to reassure him that __________ is often quite successful.

A) skills training
B) flooding therapy
C) cognitive therapy
D) systematic desensitization

Question 79

Lucinda frequently finds herself getting upset and yelling at her husband, co-workers, and friends. What therapeutic technique would start with having Lucinda keep a record of when, where, and with whom she loses her temper?

A) behavioral self-monitoring
B) counterconditioning
C) skills training
D) flooding

Question 80

Most of Dakota's therapy sessions involve his therapist demonstrating desired behaviors and having him play out various roles found in situations related to his disorder. This type of therapy is called __________ therapy.

A) rational-emotive behavior
B) exposure
C) skills training
D) client-centered