Deck 14: The Cardiovascular System: Blood Vessels

Question 1

Materials move between capillary blood and interstitial fluid through:

A) fenestrations.
B) intercellular clefts.
C) pinocytic vesicles.
D) all of these choices

Answer 1

D

Question 2

What is the correct route that a drop of blood would follow as it flows through the following vessels?
1) inferior vena cava
2) thoracic aorta
3) renal artery
4) abdominal aorta
5) renal vein

A) 1, 3, 5, 4, 2
B) 2, 3, 5, 4, 1
C) 2, 3, 4, 5, 1
D) 2, 4, 3, 5, 1

Answer 2

D

Question 3

What is the correct route that a drop of blood would follow as it flows through the following vessels?
1) ulnar vein
2) palmar venous arch
3) brachial vein
4) subclavian vein
5) axillary vein
6) brachiocephalic vein

A) 2, 1, 3, 5, 4, 6
B) 2, 1, 3, 4, 5, 6
C) 2, 3, 1, 5, 4, 6
D) 6, 5, 4, 3, 1, 2

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Blood in pulmonary circulation travels from the _____, then through arteries, capillaries, and veins, to the _____.

A) left ventricle, right atrium
B) left atrium, right ventricle
C) left atrium, right atrium
D) right ventricle, left atrium

Question 5

Epithelial tissue forms part of which layer(s) of an artery wall?
1) tunica interna (intima)
2) tunica media
3) tunica externa

A) 1, 2, 3
B) 1 only
C) 1, 3 only
D) 1, 2 only

Question 6

Which of the following statements about sinusoids is TRUE?

A) Their walls have large intercellular clefts that allow proteins and blood cells to pass between tissue and the bloodstream.
B) Sinusoids are found in the liver, spleen and red bone marrow.
C) Sinusoids function as capillaries, but are wider and more winding than other capillaries.
D) All of these choices

Question 7

The branches of the arch of the aorta, in correct order, are:
1) brachiocephalic trunk
2) left common carotid
3) left subclavian

A) 1, 2, 3
B) 1, 3, 2
C) 2, 1, 3
D) 3, 2, 1

Question 8

What is the correct route that a drop of blood would follow as it flows through the following vessels?
1) external iliac artery
2) popliteal artery
3) anterior tibial artery
4) common iliac artery
5) femoral artery
6) dorsalis pedis (right dorsal artery of foot) artery

A) 1, 4, 5, 3, 6, 2
B) 4, 1, 5, 2, 3, 6
C) 4, 1, 2, 5, 3, 6
D) 6, 3, 2, 1, 5, 4

Question 9

The gastric, pancreatic, and splenic veins are part of the:

A) coronary circulation
B) hepatic portal circulation
C) pulmonary circulation
D) fetal circulation only

Question 10

Which of the following is NOT a part of the hepatic portal system?

A) splenic vein
B) superior mesenteric vein
C) hepatic veins
D) inferior mesenteric vein

Question 11

The _____ contain(s) the largest volume of blood when the body is at rest.

A) arteries and arterioles
B) veins and venules
C) heart
D) systemic capillaries

Question 12

Blood flows through the following vessels in what order?
1) arteriole
2) capillary
3) thoroughfare channel
4) metarteriole
5) venule

A) 1, 2, 4, 5
B) 1, 4, 2, 5
C) 5, 2, 3, 1
D) 1, 2, 3, 4

Question 13

The layer(s) of an artery wall that is/are responsible for vasoconstriction and vasodilation is/are the:

A) tunica externa.
B) tunica interna (intima).
C) tunica media.
D) all of these choices

Question 14

The thinnest-walled blood vessels in the body are:

A) capillaries.
B) veins.
C) venules.
D) arterioles.

Question 15

What is the correct route that a drop of blood would follow as it flows through the following vessels?
1) superior vena cava
2) internal jugular vein
3) sigmoid sinuses
4) subclavian vein
5) brachiocephalic vein

A) 3, 2, 4, 5, 1
B) 1, 2, 5, 3, 4
C) 2, 3, 1, 4, 5
D) 3, 2, 5, 4, 1

Question 16

Elastic arteries:

A) are medium-sized arteries.
B) restrict blood flow due to the force needed to stretch their walls.
C) are also called distributing arteries.
D) include the largest diameter arteries in the body.

Question 17

Abundant capillary networks are located in the:

A) epidermis of the skin.
B) lens of the eye.
C) tendons.
D) liver.

Question 18

Blood in systemic circulation travels from the _____, then through arteries, capillaries, and veins, to the _____.

A) left ventricle, right atrium
B) left atrium, right ventricle
C) left atrium, right atrium
D) right ventricle, left atrium

Question 19

A difference between veins and arteries is:

A) arteries have three layers (tunics); veins have only two layers (tunics).
B) venous blood is under more pressure than is arterial blood.
C) arteries have their own blood supply (vasa vasorum); veins do not.
D) the tunica interna (intima) and tunica media are thinner in veins than in arteries.

Question 20

Pulmonary circulation differs from systemic circulation in that:

A) blood passes first through veins, then capillaries, and then arteries.
B) arteries carry deoxygenated blood and veins carry oxygenated blood.
C) all of the blood in pulmonary circulation is oxygenated blood.
D) low oxygen levels cause pulmonary vessels to dilate, but cause systemic vessels to constrict.

Question 21

Describe the routes by which blood is supplied to the brain.

Question 22

Is the aorta an elastic (conducting) or a muscular (distributing) artery? Compare the structure of the wall of the aorta to an artery that is of the other type.

Question 23

A blockage in an end artery is more serious than in an anastomosing artery.

Question 24

At about the level of the fourth lumbar vertebra, the abdominal aorta divides into left and right common iliac arteries.

Question 25

In an artery wall, the tunica media contains smooth muscle and elastic fibers.

Question 26

Which of the following is NOT considered a change in the cardiovascular system that is due to aging?

A) 50% decrease in renal blood flow
B) decreased compliance (elasticity) of the aorta
C) decreased size of cardiac muscle cells (fibers)
D) an increase in maximum heart rate

Question 27

Obstruction (blockage) in the radial artery will restrict ALL blood flow to the hand resulting in "blue fingernails" (a tell-tale sign of cyanosis).

Question 28

Which artery can be palpated inferior to the hamstring tendons, superior to the heads of the gastrocnemius muscle and deep posterior to the patella?

A) inguinal
B) iliac
C) popliteal
D) dorsalis pedis

Question 29

A thrombus (blood clot) formed in the knee during knee surgery has the potential to travel to the lung causing a pulmonary embolism (PE) via which of the following circulatory route?

A) popliteal vein; anterior tibial vein; dorsalis pedal vein
B) popliteal vein; common iliac vein; inferior vena cava; pulmonary trunk
C) popliteal vein; femoral vein; superior vena cava; aorta
D) popliteal vein; common iliac vein; external iliac vein; internal iliac vein

Question 30

The superior and inferior vena cavae are both located to the right of the midline of the body.

Question 31

Drugs used to treat hypertension include calcium channel blockers, vasodilators, diuretics, and ACE inhibitors.

Question 32

Trace the path of a drop of blood through pulmonary circulation, starting as it leaves the heart.
1) left atrium
2) right ventricle
3) pulmonary vein
4) pulmonary artery
5) pulmonary capillaries
6) pulmonary trunk

A) 1, 6, 3, 5, 4, 2
B) 1, 6, 4, 5, 3, 2
C) 2, 6, 3, 5, 4, 1
D) 2, 6, 4, 5, 3, 1

Question 33

Diagram a portion of a capillary network, labeling the features that are found between the arteriole and the venule. Draw the smooth muscle fibers in a representative area that indicates where they are located. Label the zone of oxygenated blood. State the function of each portion or feature of the capillary network that you have labeled.

Question 34

A tunica interna (intima) of endothelium is found only in arteries.

Question 35

The blood that sustains lung tissue is supplied by the systemic circulation.

Question 36

Blood in an umbilical artery travels from the fetus to the placenta.

Question 37

Blindness or other visual disturbances will arise following a blockage of the posterior cerebral arteries. These arteries branch directly from the:

A) internal carotid arteries
B) basilar artery
C) vertebral arteries
D) external carotid arteries

Question 38

Three different types of capillaries include continuous capillaries, fenestrated capillaries, and sinusoids.

Question 39

Which position is most likely to place the greatest pressure on the inferior vena cava, thereby hindering the return of venous blood from the lower limb (causing swelling)?

A) person lying in the supine position
B) person lying in the prone position
C) person with his/her neck hyperextended
D) person with his/her ankle in dorsiflexion

Question 40

Describe the three layers that make up the wall of an artery. Using this as a standard, compare artery walls to capillary and vein walls.

Question 41

Define portal system. Explain how the hepatic portal system fits your definition and describe its function.

Question 42

In the fetus, what two structures allow most blood to bypass the lungs?

A) fossa ovalis and ligamentum arteriosum
B) foramen ovale and ductus arteriosus
C) fossa ovalis and ductus arteriosus
D) foramen ovale and ligamentum arteriosum

Question 43

The first two vessels to branch from the ascending aorta are the

A) brachiocephalic and left common carotid
B) right common carotid and right subclavian
C) right coronary and left coronary
D) right coronary and brachiocephalic

Question 44

The umbilical cord contains three blood vessels; one umbilical vein and two umbilical arteries.

Question 45

The largest diameter vein in the body is the

A) inferior vena cava
B) superior vena cava
C) internal jugular vein
D) coronary sinus

Question 46

Contraction of smooth muscle in the vessel wall produces _____ which is a _____ in the diameter of the vessel lumen.

A) vasoconstriction; decrease
B) vasodilation; decrease
C) vasoconstriction; increase
D) vasodilation; increase

Question 47

Arteries that anastomose are able to provide a collateral circulation to a tissue in order to prevent necrosis.

Question 48

Extensions of the _____ of veins form valves that help prevent the backflow of blood.

A) tunica interna (intima)
B) tunica media
C) tunica externa

Question 49

The brachiocephalic trunk gives rise directly to the

A) left subclavian artery
B) right subclavian artery
C) left vertebral artery
D) right internal carotid artery

Question 50

Direct branches of the _____ artery and the _____ artery contribute to the palmar arches.

A) brachial; basilic
B) basilic; cephalic
C) radial; brachial
D) ulnar; radial

Question 51

The most distal muscle cells of the _____ form the precapillary sphincters which monitor blood flow into the capillary.

A) venules
B) metarteriole
C) sinusoids
D) thoroughfare channels

Question 52

The external iliac vein is formed by the union of the _____ vein and the _____vein.

A) femoral; internal iliac
B) internal jugular; subclavian
C) great saphenous; femoral
D) popliteal; great saphenous

Question 53

Describe the damaging effects of untreated hypertension on the cardiovascular system, brain, and kidneys.

Question 54

Arteries that do not anastomose are known as _____.

A) venules
B) end arteries
C) arterioles
D) sinuses

Question 55

The superior mesenteric vein empties into the

A) popliteal vein
B) hepatic vein
C) hepatic portal vein
D) superior vena cava

Question 56

The superior mesenteric artery branches from the

A) ascending aorta
B) abdominal aorta
C) arch of the aorta
D) thoracic aorta

Question 57

The hollow center of a blood vessel is called the endothelium.

Question 58

The basilar artery is formed by the union of the right and left internal carotid arteries.

Question 59

The _____ artery is located in the cervical transverse foramina.

A) vertebral
B) internal carotid
C) basilar
D) external carotid

Question 60

The thickest layer of an artery wall is the tunica _____.

A) externa
B) interna
C) media
D) intima

Question 61

The renal artery supplies the _____ with blood.

A) liver
B) spleen
C) pancreas
D) kidney

Question 62

Which of these following veins of the upper limb is commonly punctured for an injection, transfusion, or removal of a blood sample?

A) Brachial
B) Radial
C) Ulnar
D) Median cubital
E) Cephalie

Question 63

The chest muscles and diaphragm are supplied with blood by the bronchial arteries.

Question 64

Which of the following vessels of the neck are NOT direct branches of the arch of the aorta?

A) B and C
B) B and D
C) C and D
D) D and E

Question 65

Venous blood from the buttocks, urinary bladder, uterus, and prostate gland is returned via the

A) internal iliac vein
B) femoral vein
C) great saphenous vein
D) external iliac vein

Question 66

Venous blood from the adrenal gland is returned via the

A) superior mesenteric vein
B) suprarenal vein
C) azygos vein
D) gastric vein

Question 67

Which two arteries most significantly contribute to the cerebral arterial circle (Circle of Willis) supplying blood to the brain?

A) vertebral and external carotid
B) internal carotid and posterior cerebral
C) external carotid and internal jugular
D) basilar and internal carotid

Question 68

The left testicular (or ovarian) vein drains into the _____, whereas the right testicular (or ovarian) vein drains into the _____.

A) A; B
B) B; C
C) D; E
D) C; A

Question 69

The internal jugular vein is primarily responsible for directly draining the parotid gland and scalp.

Question 70

Which of these following vessels of the neck contributes directly to the formation of the basilar artery?

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D

Question 71

Venous blood from the liver reaches the inferior vena cava via the

A) hepatic veins
B) splenic vein
C) hepatic portal vein
D) superior mesenteric vein

Question 72

The lumbar arteries supply blood to the spinal cord and meninges.

Question 73

This blood vessel tissue layer is most responsible for:

A) regulating blood flow and blood pressure
B) helping to limit the loss of blood when vessels are damaged
C) regulating the diameter of the lumen wall
D) ALL of these choices

Question 74

The great saphenous vein drains the medial aspect of the leg and thigh, the groin, external genitals, and abdominal wall.

Question 75

Blood supply for the pancreas, spleen and stomach comes from the _____ artery.

A) hepatic
B) inferior mesenteric
C) superior mesenteric
D) splenic