Deck 19: Cardiovascular System: Blood

Question 1

Blood is a type of __________tissue.

A) epithelial
B) glandular
C) connective
D) areolar

Answer 1

C

Question 2

The total blood volume is ____ plasma.

A) 50%
B) 90%
C) 75%
D) 55%

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Hemocytoblast stem cells

A) are specialized cells.
B) are found in yellow bone marrow.
C) form branches of trees.
D) are abundant in the plasma.
E) give rise to all formed elements in the blood.

Answer 3

E

Question 4

A white blood cell engulfing a bacterium is an example of blood functioning in

A) protection.
B) elimination.
C) maintenance.
D) transportation.
E) communication

Question 5

Which plasma protein is correctly matched to its function?

A) fibrinogen - transport of fatty acids
B) albumin - helps to fight infection
C) globulin - transport and immunity
D) globulin - blood clotting

Question 6

Neutrophils of the blood are derived from a population of stem cells called

A) lymphoblasts.
B) proerythroblasts.
C) myeloblasts.
D) megakaryoblasts.
E) monoblasts.

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT true of plasma?

A) Plasma is about 91% water.
B) Plasma is a colloid.
C) Plasma volume can change drastically.
D) The color of plasma is yellow.

Question 8

Which of the following phrases is least likely to be used in describing erythrocytes?

A) biconcave cells
B) cells can change shape
C) cytoplasm contains hemoglobin
D) nucleus is centrally located
E) main role is transporting blood gases

Question 9

The only formed elements that possess a nucleus when mature are the

A) thrombocytes.
B) erythrocytes.
C) leukocytes.
D) platelets.
E) RBCs.

Question 10

Plasma is ____ while formed elements are ____.

A) a blood gas; blood clots
B) the liquid portion of blood; the cells
C) lacking in protein; regulators of blood osmolality
D) the cellular portion of blood; acellular components
E) mostly protein; the matrix

Question 11

Red blood cells will develop from

A) proerythroblasts.
B) monoblasts.
C) myeloblasts.
D) megakaryoblasts.
E) lymphoblasts.

Question 12

Which of the following functions is associated with the blood?

A) delivery of oxygen to tissue cells
B) transport of digestive enzymes to the small intestine
C) maintenance of DNA content of egg cells
D) transport of neurotransmitters across synapses
E) electrical stimulation of the heart

Question 13

Plasma

A) is one of the formed elements.
B) is the liquid matrix of the blood.
C) transports waste products but not nutrients.
D) accounts for less than half of the blood volume.
E) is serum plus formed elements.

Question 14

If a blood buffer is absent, what function of the blood would be compromised?

A) maintenance of body temperature
B) regulation of pH
C) clot formaiton
D) transport of ions
E) protection against foreign substances

Question 15

Which of the following is (are) associated with decreased hematopoiesis?

A) hemorrhage
B) vitamin B₁₂ deficiency
C) iron deficiency anemia
D) restricted blood flow to the kidney
E) both vitamin B₁₂ deficiency and iron deficiency anemia

Question 16

Which type of material is NOT transported by the blood?

A) blood gases
B) nutrients
C) lactic acid
D) neurotransmitters
E) hormones

Question 17

Mature erythrocytes

A) have a centrally located nucleus.
B) are actually just cellular fragments.
C) contain hemoglobin in their cytoplasm.
D) mature from cells called megakaryocytes.
E) do not contain protein.

Question 18

The plasma component that forms fibrin, the insoluble protein, in a blood clot is

A) sodium.
B) albumin.
C) globulin.
D) fibrinogen.
E) fibrinolysis.

Question 19

Which of the following plasma proteins is most abundant?

A) albumin
B) globulins
C) fibrinogen
D) immunoglobulins
E) hemoglobin

Question 20

Functions of plasma proteins include

A) body temperature regulation.
B) regulation of osmotic pressure.
C) transportation of oxygen and carbon dioxide.
D) serving as a source of energy for metabolism.

Question 21

Hemoglobin

A) gives white blood cells their color.
B) transports oxygen in the blood.
C) is normally found in both the plasma and erythrocytes.
D) catalyzes the reaction that forms carbonic acid.
E) is only used once then decomposed.

Question 22

Iron

A) is needed to produce hemoglobin.
B) is a plasma coagulation factor.
C) is the binding site for carbon dioxide on the hemoglobin molecule.
D) prevents carbon monoxide from binding to hemoglobin.
E) interferes with the normal function of hemoglobin.

Question 23

Which of the following is NOT a form of hemoglobin found in the developing human?

A) adult
B) embryonic
C) adolescent
D) fetal

Question 24

Which of the following would lead to increased erythropoiesis?

A) increased environmental O₂ levels
B) increased erythropoietin levels
C) increased blood pH
D) increased blood pressure
E) increased CO₂ levels

Question 25

Erythropoietin

A) is a product of the kidney.
B) inhibits the production of erythrocytes.
C) is produced in response to increased blood pressure.
D) is found both in the plasma and inside red blood cells.
E) is produced by the red bone marrow.

Question 26

Mr. Smith moved from a low altitude to a high altitude and experienced an increase in RBCs. Which of the following caused this increase?

A) the lower temperature present at higher altitudes
B) the lower oxygen concentration seen at higher altitudes
C) the increased metabolic rate seen at higher altitudes
D) the increased CO₂ retention that occurs at high altitudes
E) He exercised more.

Question 27

Each hemoglobin molecule

A) has one heme group.
B) contains two polypeptide chains.
C) transports four oxygen molecules.
D) has two iron atoms and two globin chains.
E) transports one oxygen molecule.

Question 28

Which of the following cell types is an immature red blood cell?

A) erythrocyte
B) reticulocyte
C) thrombocyte
D) monocyte
E) leukocyte

Question 29

The combination of hemoglobin and carbon dioxide is

A) carboxyhemoglobin.
B) oxyhemoglobin.
C) deoxyhemoglobin.
D) carbaminohemoglobin.

Question 30

When erythrocytes are destroyed, which of the following events occurs?

A) Urine output increases.
B) Iron is secreted into the bile.
C) Heme is transported by transferrin to the liver.
D) The globin portion of the molecule is broken down into amino acids.
E) Bile is manufactured by the gall bladder.

Question 31

An increase in hemoglobin increases

A) the ability of the blood to carry oxygen to various tissues.
B) the quantity of plasma protein available for blood clotting.
C) the leukocyte count.
D) the body's immune response.
E) the osmotic pressure of the blood.

Question 32

Which of the following is NOT a method of carbon dioxide transport in the blood?

A) combined with hemoglobin
B) dissolved in the plasma
C) as bicarbonate ions in the plasma
D) held in the depression of a red blood cell

Question 33

Which of the following formed elements do not have chromosomes?

A) erythrocytes
B) reticulocytes
C) erythroblasts
D) erythrocytes and reticulocytes
E) erythrocytes, reticulocytes and erythroblasts

Question 34

The oxygenated form of hemoglobin is called

A) oxyhemoglobin.
B) deoxyhemoglobin.
C) carboxyhemoglobin.
D) carbaminohemoglobin.
E) loaded hemoglobin.

Question 35

Erythropoiesis does not require

A) iron.
B) vitamin B₁₂.
C) folate.
D) vitamin K.
E) All of these are required.

Question 36

What gas is also carried by a beta-globin that may help regulate blood pressure?

A) carbon monoxide
B) carbon dioxide
C) nitrogen
D) nitric oxide

Question 37

What may be affected if the enzyme carbonic anhydrase was not made in the body?

A) conversion of hemoglobin to oxyhemoglobin
B) conversion of carbon dioxide to bicarbonate ion
C) transport of oxygen by hemoglobin
D) hemolysis of red blood cells

Question 38

How much oxygen is generally transported in combination with hemoglobin in red blood cells?

A) 1.5%
B) 7%
C) 70%
D) 98.5%

Question 39

When defective erythrocytes are broken down,

A) they are removed from the blood by the lungs.
B) bilirubin is formed from the breakdown of hemoglobin.
C) their heme groups are converted into amino acids.
D) their iron is excreted into the small intestine.
E) their components cannot be recycled.

Question 40

Rupture of a red blood cell is called hematopoiesis.

Question 41

Randolf was suffering from severe hepatitis. His skin appeared to be jaundiced. That color change was due to

A) increased heme in his circulatory system.
B) increased globin in his circulatory system.
C) increased bilirubin in his circulatory system.
D) decreased rate of globin breakdown.
E) increased globin in his circulatory system, increased bilirubin in his circulatory system and decreased rate of globin breakdown.

Question 42

Platelets

A) are also known as thrombocytes.
B) are actually fragments of cells.
C) play a role in preventing blood loss.
D) can become sticky when exposed to connective tissue
E) All of these choices are correct.

Question 43

Which white blood cells function primarily as phagocytotic cells?

A) monocytes and lymphocytes
B) basophils and neutrophils
C) eosinophils and monocytes
D) neutrophils and monocytes

Question 44

The most numerous of the leukocytes is the

A) neutrophil.
B) basophil.
C) eosinophil.
D) lymphocyte.
E) monocyte.

Question 45

When a person develops a sore throat, white blood cells are drawn to the area of infection by a process called

A) chemotaxis.
B) diapedesis.
C) margination.
D) ameboid movement.
E) attraction.

Question 46

Lymphocytes

A) are the largest of the leukocytes.
B) migrate to lymphatic tissue.
C) produce histamine.
D) release heparin.
E) are phagocytic.

Question 47

Which of the following statements regarding leukocytes is TRUE?

A) Leukocytes have no nucleus.
B) Leukocytes play a role in oxygen transport.
C) Leukocytes are the largest of the formed elements.
D) Leukocytes are only fragments of cells.
E) There is only one kind of leukocyte.

Question 48

During platelet plug formation,

A) platelets stick to the exposed collagen fibers of injured vessels.
B) activated platelets release fibrinogen.
C) thrombin is released from endothelial cells.
D) vitamin K production increases.
E) platelets multiply.

Question 49

The nervous system and certain chemicals can cause the constriction of a blood vessel. This is known as

A) platelet adhesion.
B) vascular spasm.
C) hemostasis.
D) coagulation.

Question 50

The ability of white blood cells to leave the circulation and enter tissues is called

A) chemotaxis.
B) diapedesis.
C) margination.
D) intrusion.
E) exocytosis.

Question 51

Which of the following is an agranulocyte?

A) eosinophil
B) basophil
C) neutrophil
D) monocyte
E) erythrocyte

Question 52

In adults, red blood cells are made in one place, spend most of their lifespan in another, and most are finally destroyed in yet another place. Which choice lists these locations in the correct chronological order?

A) bone marrow; blood vessels; spleen
B) bone marrow; spleen; blood vessels
C) spleen; blood vessels; spleen
D) blood vessels; spleen; bone marrow
E) spleen; blood vessels; bone marrow

Question 53

Which of the following is a stage of hemostasis?

A) coagulation
B) erythropoiesis
C) platelet formation
D) vascular dilation
E) agglutination

Question 54

Which of the following cell types is incorrectly matched with its description?

A) neutrophils - most numerous WBCs
B) basophils - release histamine
C) lymphocytes - become macrophages
D) monocytes - largest of the WBCs
E) eosinophils - attack worm parasites

Question 55

Which blood component is NOT correctly matched with its function?

A) erythrocytes - transport oxygen
B) leukocytes - protect against disease
C) platelets - phagocytize bacteria
D) plasma proteins - maintain blood osmotic pressure; involved in clotting
E) monocytes - become macrophages

Question 56

A person with an increased eosinophil count might be suffering from

A) a parasitic worm infection.
B) a viral infection.
C) an acute bacterial infection.
D) a chronic bacterial infection.
E) a head cold.

Question 57

Bilirubin

A) is found in white blood cells.
B) may be reused in erythropoiesis.
C) is formed from the globin groups of hemoglobin.
D) is made from bile.
E) may build up in the circulation and cause jaundice.

Question 58

Which of the following is NOT a consequence of sickle-cell anemia?

A) Red blood cells take on the sickle shape when oxygen levels are low.
B) Sickle-shaped red blood cells can become lodged in capillaries.
C) Tissue damage from decreased blood supply.
D) Sickle-shaped red blood cells are less likely to rupture.

Question 59

On which chromosome is there a mutation that leads to sickle cell anemia?

A) chromosome 3
B) chromosome 11
C) chromosome 14
D) chromosome 21

Question 60

Macrophages are derived from

A) neutrophils.
B) lymphocytes.
C) monocytes.
D) basophils.
E) eosinophils.

Question 61

Arrange the following events of coagulation in proper sequence. (1) prothrombin $\rightarrow$ thrombin
(2) fibrinogen $\rightarrow$ fibrin
(3) activation of factor XII
(4) formation of prothrombinase

A) 4, 3, 1, 2
B) 2, 4, 3, 1
C) 3, 4, 1, 2
D) 3, 2, 4, 1
E) 1, 2, 3, 4

Question 62

Fibrinolysis is responsible for

A) activation of the intrinsic pathway of coagulation.
B) activation of the extrinsic pathway of coagulation.
C) clot retraction.
D) clot dissolution.
E) clot consolidation.

Question 63

When a blood vessel is damaged, which of the following events occurs last?

A) Collagen is exposed.
B) Platelets adhere to collagen.
C) Platelets are activated.
D) Platelets begin to stick to each other and form a plug.
E) von Willebrand factor is produced.

Question 64

An increased amount of heparin in the blood might

A) speed up the clotting process.
B) slow down the clotting process.
C) stop the clotting process.
D) enhance the clotting process.
E) have no effect on the clotting process.

Question 65

Which of the following events is one of the three main stages of coagulation?

A) conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin
B) platelet aggregation
C) conversion of thrombin to prothrombin
D) platelet plug formation
E) calcium is released

Question 66

Choose the arrangement that lists the chemicals in the order in which they would be used for coagulation. (1) thrombin
(2) fibrinogen
(3) prothrombinase
(4) activated factor XII

A) 3, 2, 4, 1
B) 4, 3, 2, 1
C) 4, 3, 1, 2
D) 3, 4, 1, 2
E) 3, 1, 4, 2

Question 67

In the extrinsic pathway, damaged tissues release

A) activated factor V.
B) calcium.
C) factor VII.
D) thromboplastin (tissue factor III)
E) factor XII.

Question 68

A deficiency of which of the following stem cells would result in a marked increase in the clotting time of blood?

A) lymphoblast
B) megakaryoblast
C) monoblast
D) myeloblast
E) proerythroblast

Question 69

In the platelet release reaction,

A) factor XII is activated.
B) ADP and thromboxanes stimulate other platelets to become activated.
C) activated platelets are connected by fibrinogen.
D) prostaglandin production is inhibited.
E) platelets convert to fibrin.

Question 70

When the antigens on erythrocytes bind with antibodies in the plasma,

A) agglutination of erythrocytes occurs.
B) hemolysis of leukocytes may occur.
C) the antibodies dissolve.
D) the blood group changes.
E) coagulation occurs.

Question 71

What ion is necessary for the coagulation process?

A) sodium
B) potassium
C) magnesium
D) calcium

Question 72

A blood clot attached to a blood vessel wall is called a(an)

A) thrombus.
B) embolus.
C) prostacylin.
D) hemorrhage.
E) anticoagulant.

Question 73

Coumadin (Warfarin)

A) is a potent anticoagulant.
B) is produced by eosinophils.
C) blocks the action of factor X.
D) dissolves blood clots.
E) promotes coagulation.

Question 74

What vitamin is necessary to produce many clotting factors in the liver?

A) vitamin C
B) vitamin K
C) vitamin D
D) vitamin B₃

Question 75

Aspirin inhibits platelet plug formation by

A) blocking the binding of platelets to collagen.
B) interfering with the synthesis of prostaglandins.
C) blocking the effects of serotonin.
D) making the platelet surface less sticky.
E) stimulating the release of heparin.

Question 76

Healing after clot formation involves

A) clot retraction.
B) repair of the damaged blood vessel by connective tissue cells.
C) clot dissolution.
D) serum being squeezed out of the clot.
E) All of these choices are correct.

Question 77

The function of plasmin is to

A) hydrolyze fibrin.
B) activate factor XII.
C) promote platelet plug formation.
D) control osmotic pressure of the blood.
E) promote the formation of plasma.

Question 78

The cascade of events in the intrinsic pathway can be set into motion when _____ comes into contact with collagen.

A) factor III
B) factor VII
C) factor X
D) factor XII
E) calcium

Question 79

What protein forms a bridge between exposed vessel wall collagen and platelet surface receptors?

A) thromboxanes
B) von Willebrand factor
C) endothelin
D) fibrinogen

Question 80

Agglutination of red blood cells means

A) they rupture.
B) they form a clot.
C) they clump together.
D) they lose their nucleus.
E) they bump into each other.