Deck 11: Bivariate Correlation

Question 1

After graphing your data, a pattern emerges in which the data points start out in the upper left of your plot and move toward the lower right. How would you describe this relationship?

A) Weakly correlated
B) Strongly correlated
C) Positively correlated
D) Negatively correlated

Answer 1

D

Question 2

What is the range of all possible values of the correlation coefficient?

A) -1 to 1
B) -100 to 100
C) 0 to 100
D) 0 to 1

Answer 2

A

Question 3

The absolute value of the correlation coefficient refers to the ___________________ of the relationship.

A) strength
B) direction
C) differences
D) latitude

Answer 3

A

Question 4

If you have a curvilinear relationship and the Pearson product moment correlation coefficient is close to zero, what can you conclude about the relationship between the variables?

A) There is no relationship between the variables
B) You cannot conclude anything about the relationship based on this information
C) There is a strong relationship
D) There is a weak relationship

Question 5

Malcolm is interested in the relationship between health and income. He hypothesizes that as household income increases; the long-term health of the individual also increases. This is an example of what type of hypothesized relationship?

A) negative correlation
B) positive correlation
C) categorical correlation
D) ordinal correlation

Question 6

If you would like to examine the relationship between one dichotomous variable and one continuous variable, which type of correlation coefficient would you use?

A) Point biserial coefficient
B) Pearson product moment coefficient
C) Phi coefficient
D) Spearman rank coefficient

Question 7

As one variable increases, another variable also increases, is a statement about how the variables ___________________.

A) co-vary
B) are significantly different
C) are negatively correlated
D) are negatively skewed

Question 8

After you plot your data points, there is no clear pattern formed. How would you describe this relationship?

A) Strong relationship
B) Weak or no relationship
C) Positive relationship
D) Negative relationship

Question 9

If you would like to examine the relationship between two categorical variables, which type of correlation coefficient would you use?

A) Point biserial coefficient
B) Pearson product moment coefficient
C) Phi coefficient
D) Spearman rank coefficient

Question 10

A correlation is aimed at examining the __________________ between two concepts.

A) differences
B) relationships
C) degree of differences
D) significance

Question 11

Mary performs an analysis of her volunteers and finds a -.74 correlation coefficient between the number of hours spent volunteers and the number of hours worked per week at a paid position. How would you assess the strength of this relationship?

A) Strong relationship
B) Moderate relationship
C) Weak relationship
D) No relationship

Question 12

Becky finds that when the temperatures increase in the summer, less people show up for work at her organization. What type of relationship is she describing?

A) positive correlation
B) negative correlation
C) incremental correlation
D) nondirectional correlation

Question 13

If you run the Pearson product moment correlation on a set of data and you find a p-value of .02, what can you conclude about your hypothesis?

A) there is a weak relationship between the variables
B) there is a moderate relationship between the variables
C) You should reject the research hypothesis
D) You should reject the null hypothesis

Question 14

The variables examined in a Person product moment correlation have what level of measurement?

A) continuous
B) categorical dependent variable and continuous independent variable
C) continuous dependent variable and categorical independent variable
D) categorical

Question 15

When discussing correlation, what does 'r' stand for?

A) relativity
B) relationship
C) reliability
D) Pearson product moment correlation

Question 16

After plotting your data on a graph and visually inspect it, you notice that there is a trend of data points starting the bottom left and going toward the upper right of you plot. How would you describe this relationship?

A) Weakly correlated
B) Strongly correlated
C) Positively correlated
D) Negatively correlated

Question 17

How would a perfect correlation (r=1) between two variables look on a scatterplot?

A) The data points would form a horizontal line
B) The data points would form a vertical line
C) The data points would form a line from the lower left to the upper right
D) The data points would form a line from the upper left to the lower right

Question 18

Mary performs an analysis of the relationship between volunteer age and amount of time spent volunteering. She finds that people volunteer a lot when they are younger, then they do not volunteer much during the middle portion of their life, and finally they volunteer a lot at the end of their life. How would you describe this type of relationship?

A) Weakly correlated
B) Strongly correlated
C) Curvilinear
D) Linear

Question 19

After performing a correlation analysis you find a correlation coefficient of .05. How would you assess the strength of the relationship?

A) Strong relationship
B) Moderate relationship
C) Weak relationship
D) No relationship

Question 20

The sign of the correlation coefficient, positive or negative, refers to the __________________ of the relationship between the variables.

A) strength
B) direction
C) difference
D) latitute

Question 21

If you have two categorical variables, you could you a point biserial analysis to examine the relationship.

Question 22

How would you choose to visually represent your correlational data?

A) boxplot
B) scatterplot
C) histogram
D) frequency polygon

Question 23

The dependent variable in a correlation is usually represented on the vertical axis of the scatterplot.

Question 24

After finding a statistically significant result for a correlation you can make a claim that you have demonstrated a cause and effect relationship.

Question 25

A correlation coefficient of -.79 is a very weak relationship.

Question 26

The Spearman rank coefficient is used for correlations between ordinal variables.

Question 27

How does correlation differ from the t-test and ANOVA tests?

Question 28

A relationship with a negative product moment correlation coefficient is considered a negative relationship.

Question 29

After graphing your data, you find that the data points form a perfectly horizontal line across your plot. How would you describe this relationship?

A) Not correlated
B) Strongly correlated
C) Positively correlated
D) Negatively correlated

Question 30

In Mary's case, if she hypothesizes that as age increases, the number of hours volunteered also increases. What type of hypothesized relationship is she describing?

A) positive correlation
B) negative correlation
C) incremental correlation
D) nondirectional correlation

Question 31

A correlation coefficient of 0 means what about the relationship of the variables?

A) Strong relationship
B) Moderate relationship
C) Weak relationship
D) No relationship

Question 32

The _____________________ is a numerical indicator used to represent the relationship between two variables.

A) correlation premium
B) correlation coefficient
C) correlation index
D) correlation rank
True/False

Question 33

Describe how you might use a correlation analysis to answer a question relevant to Jim's case.

Question 34

Identify a research question that could be answered through a correlation analysis. How would you design your study?

Question 35

Correlation is examined based on how much the two variables co-vary.

Question 36

The Pearson product moment correlation is useful to examine the curvilinear relationship of continuous variables.