Deck 17: Nutrition, Metabolism, and Body Temperature Regulation

Question 1

Glycolysis is best defined as the breakdown of

A) glucose to carbon dioxide and water.
B) glucose to two molecules of pyruvic acid.
C) pyruvic acid to carbon dioxide and water.
D) glycogen to glucose-6-phosphate.
E) glucose to glycogen.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Nutrition includes the study of

A) the nutrients in foods.
B) the body's utilization of nutrients.
C) how nutrients play a role in your body's health.
D) digestion, absorption, and transportation of nutrients.
E) All of these choices are correct.

Answer 2

E

Question 3

Which of the following statements about the citric acid cycle is false?

A) The process occurs in the mitochondria.
B) The major end product of the cycle is lactic acid.
C) At several steps, NADH molecules are formed.
D) Carbon dioxide is produced at several steps in the cycle.
E) Two ATP are formed in the cycle from one glucose.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Place the four general phases of glycolysis in the correct order from beginning to end:
Input of ATP
Sugar cleavage
NADH production
ATP and pyruvic acid production

Question 5

Which of the following statements is true?

A) Catabolic reactions are synthesis reactions.
B) Anabolic reactions are involved in the production of proteins from amino acids.
C) The energy derived from anabolism is used to drive catabolism.
D) Anabolic reactions release energy.
E) Catabolic reactions consume energy.

Question 6

Complex carbohydrates include

A) glucose and fructose.
B) maltose and sucrose.
C) starch, glycogen, and cellulose.
D) cellulose and glucose.
E) glucose and lactose.

Question 7

Indicate whether each statement is true or false:
1. The second phase of aerobic respiration is the citric acid cycle.
2. The citric acid cycle begins with the production of citric acid from the combination of pyruvic acid and acetyl-CoA.
3. The results of the citric acid cycle are two ATP, six NADH, two FADH₂, and four carbon dioxide molecules.

Question 8

When glucose is metabolized in the absence of oxygen, one of the end products is

A) pyruvic acid.
B) ketone bodies.
C) lactic acid.
D) citric acid.
E) nitric acid.

Question 9

Match the function with the correct vitamin.
1. Necessary for rhodopsin synthesis
2. Component of FAD and involved in the citric acid cycle
3. Component of NAD and involved in glycolysis and citric acid cycle
4. Constituent of coenzyme-A, and involved in steroid hormone synthesis
5. Prevents birth defects
6. Involved in collagen synthesis and general protein metabolism
7. Promotes calcium and phosphorus use
8. Prevents oxidation of plasma membranes and DNA
9. Required for synthesis of many clotting factors

Question 10

The transfer of heat between the body and the air or water is

A) radiation.
B) conduction.
C) evaporation.
D) convection.

Question 11

The portion of the brain that regulates body temperature is the

A) cerebral cortex.
B) hypothalamus.
C) medulla oblongata.
D) pons.
E) hypophysis.

Question 12

The events that occur in the postabsorptive state collectively

A) decrease fat metabolism.
B) maintain blood glucose levels.
C) interconvert proteins to fats.
D) assure adequate lipogenesis.
E) maintain protein levels.

Question 13

True or False? A simple chemical signal can activate or inhibit enzyme activity.

Question 14

Metabolic rate is the total amount of

A) glucose absorbed by the small intestine each hour.
B) heat produced by body cells in an hour.
C) energy produced and used by the body per unit of time.
D) carbon dioxide exhaled per unit of time.
E) kilocalories consumed.

Question 15

Match the statement with the correct nutrient:
Most come from plants
The body cannot synthesize nine of the monomers of these
Stored in the adipose tissue or the liver
Provide fiber or "roughage"
Should be 45-65% of total adult kilocalories
Can be saturated or unsaturated
Provide energy, surround and pad organs, and provide insulation
Should be 20-35% of total adult kilocalories
Meat, fish, leafy green vegetables, and legumes are examples
Starch, glycogen, and cellulose are examples
Can be carriers in the blood, antibodies, enzymes, or hormones
Help form steroid hormones, plasma membranes, and eicosanoids
Should be 10-35% of total adult kilocalories
Form part of DNA, RNA, and ATP

Question 16

A molecule that moves electrons from the citric acid cycle to the electron transport chain is

A) pyruvic acid.
B) CO₂.
C) ADP.
D) NADH.
E) H₂O.

Question 17

Incomplete fatty acid oxidation produces ____________, which might lead to ____________.

A) triglycerides; new triglycerides
B) ketone bodies; acidosis
C) pyruvic acid; acidosis
D) glycerol; alkalosis
E) acetyl-CoA; acidosis