Deck 18: Urinary System and Fluid Balance

Question 1

Aldosterone causes an increase in Na+ and Cl^- _________________from the nephrons which _________ the volume of urine output.

A) reabsorption; increases
B) reabsorption; decreases
C) secretion; increases
D) secretion; decreases

Answer 1

reabsorption; decreases

Question 2

Arrange the following structures in correct sequence: (1) ureter
(2) renal pelvis
(3) calyx
(4) urinary bladder
(5) urethra

A) 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
B) 3, 2, 1, 4, 5
C) 2, 4, 5, 3, 1
D) 3, 4, 1, 2, 5
E) 1, 3, 2, 4, 5

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Na⁺ reabsorption is a(n) __________ process, while Cl^- reabsoprtion is a(n) __________ process.

A) active, active
B) active, passive
C) passive, passive
D) passive, active

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Which portion of the renal tubule reabsorbs electrolytes, plasma proteins, nutrients, vitamins, and water?

A) Proximal convoluted tubule
B) Distal convoluted tubule
C) Ascending limb of nephron loop
D) Descending limb of nephron loop
E) Collecting duct

Question 5

Which of the following are functions of the urinary system? 1. Vitamin D synthesis
2) Excretion
3) Regulation of red blood cell synthesis
4) Regulation of the concentration of solutes in the blood
5) Regulation of blood volume and pressure
6) Chemical digestion

A) 1, 2, 3, 4
B) 2, 3, 4
C) 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
D) 1, 2, 3, 4, 6
E) 2, 3, 4, 6

Question 6

The first structure in the kidney to collect newly formed urine is the

A) Renal capsule
B) Minor calyx
C) Renal pelvis
D) Renal sinus
E) Renal cortex

Question 7

Hypoalbunemia would cause

A) An increase in glomerular filtration pressure
B) A decrease in glomerular filtration pressure
C) A decrease in glomerular filtration rate
D) No change in glomerular filtration pressure

Question 8

Put the portions of the urinary system in the correct order. a: Trigone of bladder
B: Urethra
C: Ureter
D: Urinary bladder

A) b, c, a, d
B) c, a, d, b
C) b, c, d, a
D) c, d, a, b
E) b, a, c, d

Question 9

Dilation of the afferent arteriole would increase glomerular pressure.

Question 10

An increase of ADH causes the kidneys to ________ the reabsorption of water, causing them to produce _______ urine.

A) increase, more
B) increase, less
C) decrease, more
D) decrease, less

Question 11

An internal urinary sphincter can only be found in males.

Question 12

Place the regions of the nephron in the correct order for the process of urine formation. a: Capsular space of glomerulus
B: Loop of Henle
C: Collecting duct
D: Distal convoluted tubule
E: Proximal convoluted tubule

A) a, c, b, e, d
B) e, d, b, a, c
C) b, e, c, d, a
D) b, d, c, e, a
E) a, e, b, d, c

Question 13

Where is the micturition reflex initiated ?

A) spinal cord
B) medulla oblongata
C) urinary bladder
D) urethra

Question 14

The ____________ fluid compartment of the body consists of all of the fluid inside the cells, while the ______________ fluid compartment consists of fluid outside the cells, such as interstitial fluid and plasma.

A) intracellular, extracellular
B) extracellular, intracellular
C) interior, exterior
D) subcellular, metacellular

Question 15

This distal convoluted tubule is the primary site for the reabsorption of solutes and water.

Question 16

The renal corpuscle consists of the Bowman's capsule and the pertibular capillaries.

Question 17

The urinary system consists of two kidneys, one ureter, one urinary bladder, and two urethrae.

Question 18

The kidneys lie on the posterior abdominal wall, within the peritoneum.

Question 19

By the time the filtrate reaches the tip of the renal pyramid, the concentration of the filtrate is higher than the concentration of the interstitial fluid.

Question 20

Which is not a function of the urinary system?

A) Regulation of blood volume
B) Excretion of wastes
C) Regulation of erythrocyte production
D) Regulation of lymphocyte production
E) Storage of urine

Question 21

The movement of water and electrolytes between fluid compartments is regulated primarily by

A) diffusion and osmosis.
B) hydrostatic pressure and osmotic pressure.
C) pinocytosis and phagocytosis.
D) active and passive transport.
E) diet and weather.

Question 22

Match the component of the urinary system with its description.
1. Carries the urine from the kidneys.
2. Transports the urine to the outside of the body.
3. Hollow, muscular container that stores urine.

Question 23

Potassium levels in the body are regulated by

A) ADH.
B) PTH.
C) calcitonin.
D) aldosterone.
E) insulin.

Question 24

An increase in blood CO₂ levels is followed by a(n) ____ in H⁺ ions and a(n) ____ in blood pH.

A) decrease, decrease
B) decrease, increase
C) increase, increase
D) increase, decrease
E) increase, no change

Question 25

The kidneys help to regulate the pH of body fluids by controlling the

A) excretion of hydrogen ions.
B) conversion of acids to bases.
C) filtration of buffers.
D) reabsorption of carbon dioxide.
E) reabsorption of glucose.