Deck 15: Respiratory System

Question 1

Oxygen-rich blood is carried through pulmonary arteries from the lungs to the heart.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

The result of the process of inspiration is

A) increased alveolar volume causes increased alveolar pressure.
B) increased alveolar volume causes decreased alveolar pressure.
C) decreased alveolar volume causes increased alveolar pressure.
D) decreased alveolar volume causes decreased alveolar pressure.
E) increased alveolar pressure caused decreased alveolar volume.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Inspiration begins as

A) the diaphragm relaxes.
B) the diaphragm contracts.
C) the lungs expand.
D) the lungs contract.
E) none of the choices are correct.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

The direction of gas movement is determined by

A) temperature.
B) size of the gas molecule.
C) solubility of the gas in blood.
D) partial pressure differences.
E) pH.

Question 5

Oxygen-poor blood is carried through systemic veins from the body tissues back to the heart.

Question 6

The ranking from highest to lowest Po2 in the area of the arterial ends of the tissue capillaries is...

A) capillaries, tissue fluid, cells.
B) cells, tissue fluid, capillaries.
C) cells, capillaries, tissue fluid.
D) tissue fluid, capillaries, cells.
E) all three are equal.

Question 7

As the volume in the alveoli increases, the pressure decreases.

Question 8

When partial pressures for a given gas are equal between the capillaries and the tissue fluids, no net movement of that gas occurs.

Question 9

The partial pressure of a gas can be measured in millimeters of mercury.

Question 10

Which of the following statements about partial pressures of gases is TRUE?

A) P_O2 in blood is greater than P_O2 in tissues; P_CO2 in blood is greater than P_CO2 in tissues
B) P_O2 in blood is greater than P_O2 in tissues; P_CO2 in blood is less than P_CO2 in tissues
C) P_O2 in blood is greater than P_O2 in tissues; P_CO2 in blood = P_CO2 in tissues
D) P_O2 in blood is less than P_O2 in tissues; P_CO2 in blood is less than P_CO2 in tissues
E) P_O2 in blood is less than P_O2 in tissues; P_CO2 in blood is greater than P_CO2 in tissues

Question 11

The alveoli never attain equal pressure with the ambient (outside) air.

Question 12

During expiration

A) increased alveolar volume causes increased alveolar pressure.
B) increased alveolar volume causes decreased alveolar pressure.
C) decreased alveolar volume causes increased alveolar pressure.
D) decreased alveolar volume causes decreased alveolar pressure.
E) decreased alveolar pressure caused increased alveolar volume.

Question 13

The direction of gas movement is determined by

A) temperature.
B) size of the gas molecule.
C) solubility of the gas in blood.
D) partial pressure differences.
E) pH.

Question 14

At the arterial end of the tissue capillaries,

A) O2 diffuses from tissue cells into the blood, while CO2 diffuses from the blood into tissue cells.
B) O2 diffuses from the blood into tissue cells, while CO2 diffuses from tissue cells into the blood.
C) both O2 and CO2 diffuse from the blood into tissue cells.
D) both O2 and CO2 diffuse from tissue cells into the blood.
E) O2 diffuses from the blood into tissue cells, but there is no net movement of CO2.

Question 15

Which of the following statements about partial pressures of gases is TRUE?

A) P_O2 in lung is greater than P_O2 in blood; P_CO2 in lung is greater than P_CO2 in blood
B) P_O2 in lung is greater than P_O2 in blood; P_CO2 in lung is less than P_CO2 in blood
C) P_O2 in lung is greater than P_O2 in blood; P_CO2 in lung = P_CO2 in blood
D) P_O2 in lung is less than P_O2 in blood; P_CO2 in lung is less than P_CO2 in blood
E) P_O2 in lung is less than P_O2 in blood; P_CO2 in lung is greater than P_CO2 in blood

Question 16

At the arterial end of the pulmonary capillaries,

A) O2 diffuses from the alveoli into the blood, while CO2 diffuses from the blood into the alveoli.
B) O2 diffuses from the blood into the alveoli, while CO2 diffuses from the alveoli into the blood.
C) both O2 and CO2 diffuse from the blood into the alveoli.
D) both O2 and CO2 diffuse from the alveoli into the blood.
E) O2 diffuses from the alveoli into the blood, but there is no net movement of CO2.

Question 17

At the venous end of tissue capillaries, there is no net movement of O2 and CO2.

Question 18

At the arterial ends of the pulmonary capillaries...

A) the Po2 is higher in the capillaries than in the alveoli.
B) the Po2 is lower in the capillaries than in the alveoli.
C) the Po2 is equal in the capillaries and in the alveoli.
D) the Po2 is higher at first in the capillaries than in the alveoli, and then it is lower in the alveoli than in the capillaries.
E) the Po2 is lower at first in the capillaries than in the alveoli, and then it is higher in the alveoli than in the capillaries.

Question 19

At the venous ends of the pulmonary capillaries...

A) the Pco2 is higher in the capillaries than in the alveoli.
B) the Pco2 is lower in the capillaries than in the alveoli.
C) the Pco2 is equal in the capillaries and in the alveoli.
D) the Pco2 is higher at first in the capillaries than in the alveoli, and then it is lower in the alveoli than in the capillaries.
E) the Pco2 is lower at first in the capillaries than in the alveoli, and then it is higher in the alveoli than in the capillaries.

Question 20

Gasses diffuse because of differences in partial pressures from areas of higher pressure to areas of lower pressure.

Question 21

Expiration during quiet breathing

A) is an active process.
B) requires more muscle contractions than inspiration.
C) is due to contraction of the diaphragm and elevation of the ribs.
D) occurs when the diaphragm and external intercostal muscles relax.
E) is not affected by the elastic properties of the lungs.

Question 22

Which of the following is an effect of aging on the respiratory system?

A) vital capacity is unchanged
B) minute ventilation rates increase
C) residual volume increases
D) gas exchange in the lungs remains unchanged

Question 23

Indicate whether each statement is true or false regarding the structure of the lungs.
1. The left lung has two lobes and right lung has three.
2. The cardiac notch is located on the hilum.
3. Each lobe is subdivided into bronchopulmonary segments.
4. The bronchopulmonary partitions in each lung are separated by connective tissue.
5. Bronchopulmonary segments are subdivided into lobes.

Question 24

For air to flow into or out of the lungs, there must be

A) a volume gradient established between the atmosphere and the alveoli.
B) a temperature gradient between the atmosphere and the alveoli.
C) a pressure gradient established between the atmosphere and the alveoli.
D) a diffusion gradient between the atmosphere and the alveoli.
E) None of these choices is correct.

Question 25

Most oxygen transported in the blood is combined with __________.

A) myoglobin
B) carbon dioxide
C) hemoglobin
D) water

Question 26

Arrange the following in order from highest to lowest PO₂. (1) PO₂ of pulmonary veins
(2) PO₂ of pulmonary artery
(3) PO₂ of alveolar air

A) 1, 2, 3
B) 2, 1, 3
C) 2, 3, 1
D) 3, 1, 2
E) 3, 2, 1

Question 27

Match the pulmonary volume with its definition.
1. Volume of air inspired or expired with each breath
2. Amount of air that can be inspired forcefully after normal inspiration
3. Amount of air that can be forcefully expired after normal exhalation
4. Volume of air in the lungs after forceful expiration

Question 28

The Hering-Breuer reflex

A) causes erratic respirations.
B) helps prevent overinflation of the lungs.
C) has its sensory components in the sympathetic nerves.
D) is a normal response to increased oxygen content in the blood.
E) limits how much air a person can expire.

Question 29

Most oxygen is carried in the blood ______; but most carbon dioxide is ________.

A) dissolved in plasma; associated with salt or acid
B) bound to hemoglobin; associated with bicarbonate ions in the plasma
C) combined with albumin; associated with carbonic acid
D) bound to hemoglobin; bound to albumin
E) bound to plasma proteins; carried as carbon dioxide

Question 30

A decrease in the surface area of the respiratory membrane will cause the diffusion rate to

A) increase.
B) decrease.
C) remain unchanged.

Question 31

Arrange the following structures in the order air passes through them during inhalation: (1) alveolar ducts
(2) alveolus
(3) respiratory bronchiole
(4) terminal bronchiole

A) 1, 2, 3, 4
B) 2, 1, 3, 4
C) 4, 3, 1, 2
D) 3, 2, 1, 4
E) 4, 3, 2, 1

Question 32

Which of the following is NOT a respiratory adaptation to exercise training?

A) vital capacity increases
B) tidal volume at maximal exercise will increase
C) increased minute ventilation after training
D) after training, respiratory rate at rest is lower

Question 33

A(n) ________ in blood CO₂ levels causes a(n) _________ in blood pH, resulting in a(n) __________ in breathing rate.

A) decrease, decrease, increase
B) increase, decrease, increase
C) decrease, increase, decrease
D) increase, increase, decrease

Question 34

What type of alveolar cells produce surfactant?

A) ciliated simple cuboidal epithelial cells
B) Type I pneumocytes
C) surfactant secreting cells
D) macrophages

Question 35

Calculate the vital lung capacity of a person with an inspiratory reserve volume of 3200 mL, a tidal volume of 525 mL, and an expiratory reserve volume of 900 mL.

A) 1215 ml
B) 1825 ml
C) 4625 ml
D) 6050 ml
E) 7200 ml

Question 36

Gas exchange between the air in the lungs and the blood takes place in the

A) alveoli.
B) primary bronchi.
C) terminal bronchioles.
D) trachea.
E) respiratory bronchi.

Question 37

Typically, oxygen travels down the partial pressure gradient _____ the alveoli ____ the blood, and carbon dioxide travels _____ the blood ____the alveoli.

A) from, to, to from
B) from to, from to
C) to from, from to
D) to from, to from

Question 38

Rhythmicity of breathing involves

A) conscious effort and control.
B) stimulation of inspiration. Expiration is automatic.
C) pontine respiratory group as a necessary part.
D) a set pattern of inspiration - expiration that is always the same.
E) the pre-Bötzinger complex of the ventral respiratory group.

Question 39

Which of the following is NOT a function of the respiratory system?

A) olfaction
B) taste
C) production of chemical mediators
D) voice production
E) regulation of blood pH

Question 40

Match the respiratory system structure with its description.
1. Visible structure on the face
2. Extends from the nares to the choanae
3. Common opening for digestive and respiratory systems
4. Located posterior to the choanae and superior to the soft palate
5. Extends from the soft palate to the epiglottis
6. Extends from the tip of the epiglottis to the esophagus
7. Passageway for air; extends from the base of the tongue to the trachea
8. Windpipe; membranous tube attached to the larynx
9. Large, conical shaped organs of respiration
10. Small, air-filled chambers for where gas exchange takes place

Question 41

The part of the ventral respiratory group of the medullary respiratory center that establishes the basic breathing pattern is called the ___________.

A) pre-Botzinger complex
B) pontine respiratory group
C) inspiratory respiratory group
D) respiratory center

Question 42

The medical term for a collapsed lung is pneumothorax.