Deck 20: Nursing Care of Patients With Hiv Disease and Aids

Question 1

The nurse is reinforcing teaching on transmission of HIV for a family of a patient diagnosed with HIV. Which of these explanations by the nurse would be correct?

A)"HIV enters the body through breaks in the skin or mucous membranes."
B)"HIV can be spread by casual contact."
C)"HIV lives for long periods outside the body."
D)"HIV is most commonly transmitted via tears and saliva."

Answer 1

"HIV enters the body through breaks in the skin or mucous membranes."

Question 2

A patient who has HIV asks the nurse if thinking about dying frequently is common with HIV. What is an appropriate response by the nurse?

A)"HIV is a serious disease that results in death."
B)"HIV has a very high mortality rate, so it is realistic to plan for death."
C)"HIV is now considered a chronic disease with treatment."
D)"Thinking about death will not change the prognosis."

Answer 2

"HIV is now considered a chronic disease with treatment."

Question 3

After medication teaching for a patient who is taking nevirapine (Viramune), which of these, if stated by a patient, indicates to the nurse correct understanding of the teaching for Viramune?

A)Monitor for flulike symptoms.
B)Monitor for rash.
C)Observe urine color.
D)Report extremity pain.

Answer 3

Monitor for rash.

Question 4

Which of these, if stated by a patient, indicates to the nurse correct understanding of prevention of HIV transmission with condom use?

A)Apply adequate oil-based lubricant.
B)Apply condom before penile erection occurs.
C)Withdraw from partner while the penis is erect.
D)Use a nonlatex condom.

Question 5

In planning care for a patient who has HIV, which of these therapeutic actions does the nurse recognize is the treatment goal for HIV?

A)Treating opportunistic infections
B)Killing the virus with medication
C)Stimulating the immune system
D)Keeping the virus from replicating

Question 6

Which of these explanations about the transmission of HIV should the nurse include in a teaching plan for the family of a patient who has HIV?

A)HIV spreads by contact with infected blood.
B)HIV can be spread by sharing eating utensils.
C)HIV is spread by casual contact with others.
D)HIV is commonly transmitted by tears or saliva.

Question 7

A patient who has HIV asks the nurse why blood work has to be done so frequently. Which of the following responses by the nurse is best?

A)"Neutrophil counts help the doctor titrate medication levels to keep you healthy."
B)"Phagocytes are decreased when the disease is in an active phase."
C)"B-lymphocyte levels increase if you have an acute infection."
D)"CD4+ lymphocyte counts are monitored to determine the progression of the disease."

Question 8

A patient asks, "What is the main purpose of these medications I take for my HIV?" Which response by the nurse would be correct?

A)"They mark the virus for natural killer cells to destroy."
B)"They encapsulate the virus-infested cells."
C)"They attract macrophages to the cells making the virus."
D)"They inhibit enzymes to interfere with viral production."

Question 9

When monitoring a patient who has AIDS, which of these manifestations would the nurse expect to identify?

A)Chest pain
B)Hypertension
C)Pustular skin lesions
D)Diarrhea

Question 10

The nurse is providing care to a patient who has had diagnostic testing for HIV. Which of the following tests should the nurse review to monitor the response to antiretroviral therapy?

A)Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
B)Viral load tesing
C)Western blot
D)P24 antigen testing

Question 11

A patient who has AIDS-related wasting syndrome is admitted to the hospital. The patient is very weak, lies listlessly in bed, has an IV drip, and receives antiretroviral medications via injection. What is a priority nursing diagnosis for this patient?

A)Risk for Injury due to impaired mobility, weakness, and weight loss
B)Pain related to immobility
C)Ineffective Individual Coping due to terminal stage of HIV
D)Risk for Infection due to weak immune system and parenteral therapy

Question 12

The nurse is reviewing laboratory results for a patient who has HIV. Which of the following results would be strongly suggestive of a diagnosis of AIDS?

A)CD4+ = 500/µL
B)CD4+ percentage = 68%
C)CD8+ = 650/µL
D)CD4+/CD8+ ratio = 1.5

Question 13

The nurse is contributing to a teaching plan. Which of these does the nurse understand is the most effective method known to control the spread of HIV infection?

A)Premarital serological screening
B)Prophylactic exposure treatment
C)HIV screening for pregnant women
D)Education about preventive behaviors

Question 14

Which of these actions would be appropriate for the nurse to take when following standard precautions for protection from HIV exposure?

A)Wash own open skin lesion after providing care.
B)Put on gloves before touching body fluids.
C)Recap intramuscular needles after injection.
D)Remove one finger on a glove during venipuncture.

Question 15

The nurse is collecting data for a patient with suspected exposure to HIV. Which of the following symptoms would be most concerning in this patient?

A)Urticaria, sneezing, pruritus
B)Fever, rash, joint pain
C)Abdominal pain, anorexia, and vomiting
D)Tremors, edema, coughing

Question 16

When a patient who has AIDS expresses concern about telling others, which of these responses would be appropriate by the nurse?

A)"You should tell those who have a reason to know."
B)"It would be best to tell everyone you know."
C)"Your diagnosis will be discovered anyway by those you know."
D)"Secrecy is a poor idea because it will erode your self-esteem."

Question 17

The nurse is caring for a patient who has AIDS. Which of these outcomes should receive priority?

A)Remain free of infection.
B)Maintain baseline weight.
C)Report high self-esteem.
D)Remain socially active.

Question 18

The nurse is caring for a patient who has HIV. Which of these is one of the common opportunistic infections for which the nurse should observe?

A)Toxoplasmosis
B)Candida albicans
C)Cryptosporidiosis
D)Cryptococcosis

Question 19

The nurse contributed to a staff education program about transmission precautions to use when caring for a patient who has AIDS. Which of these statements by a staff member would indicate a correct understanding of the teaching?

A)"Wear sterile gloves for any patient contact."
B)"Wear clean gloves for body fluid contact."
C)"Wear a waterproof gown at all times."
D)"Wear a mask for any patient contact."

Question 20

Which of these manifestations, if stated by family members of a patient who has AIDS as needing to be reported immediately to the health practitioner, would indicate to the nurse correct understanding of the disease and patient care needs?

A)Dry mouth
B)Night sweats
C)Fever
D)Constipation

Question 21

A patient who has AIDS has been taught foods to eat to reduce the risk of infection. Which of these foods, if selected by the patient, indicates to the nurse correct understanding? (Select all that apply.?

A)Soft egg yolks
B)Pasteurized milk
C)Raw seafood
D)Rare meat
E)Well-cooked meat

Question 22

The nurse is contributing to a teaching plan. The nurse would include in the teaching plan that HIV can be transmitted in which of the following ways? (Select all that apply.?

A)Semen
B)Breast milk
C)Sweat
D)Vaginal secretions
E)Saliva
F)Urine

Question 23

A health-care worker exposed to HIV should immediately wash the exposure site with ______and water, and then seek immediate medical care for assessment and treatment.

Question 24

The nurse is reinforcing teaching on the rising incidence of HIV in adults over the age of 50 to a community senior group. Which of the following factors would the nurse include? (Select all that apply.?

A)Older adults are less likely to use condoms than younger at-risk adults.
B)Society continues to age with larger numbers of people entering this age group.
C)A decline in the function of the immune system increases the risk of HIV infection.
D)Treatments for erectile dysfunction have increased the number of older individuals who are sexually active.
E)Decreased vaginal dryness and friability of tissues increases the risk of HIV in older women.
F)At-risk individuals over the age of 50 are less likely to be tested for HIV.

Question 25

Postexposure prophylaxis treatment should be started within hours of exposure and continue for ________________week(s).

Question 26

The nurse should include which of the following recommendations in a teaching plan related to nutrition and hydration for a patient who has AIDS? (Select all that apply.?

A)Avoid Caesar salad.
B)Avoid soft cheeses.
C)Avoid all beers and all soft drinks.
D)Cook red meat until internal temperature is 165°F with no trace of pink.
E)Avoid leftovers or heat until steaming.
F)Avoid public drinking fountains.

Question 27

The nurse is preparing to provide education related to HIV transmission at a local community health fair. Which of the following statements should the nurse recommend for inclusion in the teaching? (Select all that apply.?

A)Use a new condom for each sex act.
B)Use condoms that are not made of latex.
C)Check condom package for expiration date.
D)Apply the condom before touching partner with the penis.
E)Use oil-based lubricants.
F)Fit condom tightly over the tip of the penis.Completion
Complete each statement.

Question 28

An HIV-infected patient reports being a cat lover and says, "I always get my pets from a known sanitary source." Which of these, if stated by a patient, indicates to the nurse correct understanding of appropriate action to take regarding cats and reduction of infection risk?

A)"Remove all pets from your home. Avoid all contact with cats."
B)"Be sure all the cats have up-to-date immunizations, and avoid their feces."
C)"Obtain only cats that are less than 1 year old."
D)"Keep cats outdoors most of the time."

Question 29

The nurse is caring for a patient who has AIDS. What is the most common opportunistic infection for which the nurse would monitor?

A)Cytomegalovirus
B)Candida albicans
C)Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia
D)Tuberculosis
Multiple Response
Identify one or more choices that best complete the statement or answer the question.

Question 30

Which of these, if stated by a patient, indicates to the nurse correct understanding of appropriate action to prevent AIDS-related wasting syndrome? (Select all that apply.?

A)Drink liquids before meals.
B)Eat a low-residue diet.
C)Eat three high-calorie, high-protein meals a day, plus snacks.
D)Enjoy food odors to stimulate appetite.
E)Numb painful oral sores with ice or popsicles.
F)Increase consumption of caffeine-containing foods and fluids.