Deck 5: Innate Defenses: Inflammation

Question 1

The end product of the clotting system is:

A) plasmin.
B) fibrin.
C) collagen.
D) factor X.

Answer 1

fibrin.

Question 2

A 20-year-old male shoots his hand with a nail gun while replacing roofing shingles. Which of the following cell types would be the first to aid in killing bacteria to prevent infection in his hand?

A) Eosinophils
B) Neutrophils
C) Leukotrienes
D) Monocytes

Answer 2

Neutrophils

Question 3

If a person has innate resistance to a disease, the person has _____ immunity.

A) natural
B) native
C) active acquired
D) passive

Answer 3

natural

Question 4

A child fell off the swing and scraped her knee. The injured area becomes red and painful. Which of the following would also occur?

A) Vasoconstriction
B) Decreased RBC concentration at injured site
C) Fluid movement from tissue to vessels
D) Edema at injured site

Question 5

A 25-year-old female presents to her physician complaining of vaginal discharge of a white, viscous, and foul-smelling substance. She reports that she has been taking antibiotics for the past 6 months. Which of the following is the most likely reason for her discharge?

A) Clostridium difficile overgrowth
B) Decreased Lactobacillus
C) Streptococcus overgrowth
D) Decreased Candida albicans

Question 6

A 25-year-old female experiences a headache and takes aspirin for relief. Which of the following effects will relieve the headache?

A) Decrease leukotriene production
B) Increase histamine release
C) Decrease prostaglandin production
D) Increase platelet-activating factor

Question 7

Bradykinin is involved in:

A) increasing vascular permeability.
B) vasoconstriction.
C) stimulating the clotting system.
D) increasing degradation of prostaglandins.

Question 8

A 25-year-old male is in a car accident and sustains a fracture to his left femur with extensive soft tissue injury. The pain associated with the injury is related to:

A) histamine and serotonin.
B) kinins and prostaglandins.
C) vasoconstriction.
D) immune complex formation.

Question 9

A 13-year-old female fell on her knee while skating. The area became inflamed and sore to touch. Which of the following would result from activation of the plasma system secondary to her injury?

A) Mast cell degranulation
B) Release of cellular products
C) Cellular infiltration
D) Pathogenic invasion

Question 10

Leukotrienes differ from histamine in which of the following ways?

A) Site of production
B) Vascular effect
C) Chemotactic ability
D) Time of release

Question 11

The classic pathway of the complement system is activated by:

A) histamine.
B) antigen-antibody complexes.
C) leukotrienes.
D) prostaglandins.

Question 12

The complement system, clotting system, and kinin system share which of the following characteristics?

A) Activation of a series of proenzymes
B) Phagocytosis initiation
C) Granulocyte production
D) Activated by interferon

Question 13

What is a purpose of the inflammatory process?

A) To provide specific responses toward antigens
B) To lyse cell membranes of microorganisms
C) To prevent infection of the injured tissue
D) To create immunity against subsequent tissue injury

Question 14

The primary actions of the complement cascade include:

A) increased vascular permeability and vasodilation, chemotaxis, opsonization, and cell killing.
B) mast cell degranulation, activation of T cells, formation of immunoglobulins, and angiogenesis.
C) phagocytosis, clotting, macrophage activation, and vasodilation.
D) release of pyrogens, prostaglandins, and stimulation of fibroblasts.

Question 15

Active acquired immunity is gained:

A) in utero.
B) after birth.
C) via injection of specific antibodies.
D) in adulthood.

Question 16

The predominant phagocyte of early inflammation is the:

A) eosinophil.
B) neutrophil.
C) lymphocyte.
D) macrophage.

Question 17

The directional movement of cells along a chemical gradient is termed:

A) chemotaxis.
B) immigration.
C) margination.
D) diapedesis.

Question 18

Which of the following is an example of biochemical secretions that trap and kill microorganisms?

A) Hormones
B) Neurotransmitters
C) Earwax
D) Gastric acid

Question 19

A 20-year-old male received a knife wound to the arm during an altercation. Which of the following types of immunity was compromised?

A) Natural immunity
B) Inflammatory response
C) Adaptive immunity
D) Specific immunity

Question 20

The mast cell, a major activator of inflammation, initiates the inflammatory response through the process of:

A) cytokinesis.
B) endocytosis.
C) degranulation.
D) hemolysis.

Question 21

A 30-year-old female develops chronic inflammation after accidentally ingesting her cat feces that were contaminated with toxoplasmosis. Which of the following would most likely also be present?

A) Granuloma formation
B) Degranulation
C) Debridement
D) Exudate production

Question 22

Opsonins are molecules that:

A) are composed of fatty acids.
B) regulate inflammation.
C) degranulate mast cells.
D) enhance phagocytosis.

Question 23

During inflammation, the liver is stimulated to release plasma proteins, collectively known as:

A) opsonins.
B) acute phase reactants.
C) antibodies.
D) inflammatory enzymes.

Question 24

The macrophage secretion that stimulates procollagen synthesis and secretion is:

A) angiogenesis factor.
B) matrix metalloproteinase.
C) vascular endothelial growth factor.
D) transforming growth factor-beta.

Question 25

A 35-year-old male is diagnosed with lobar pneumonia (lung infection). Which of the following exudates would be present in highest concentration at the site of this advanced inflammatory response?

A) Serous
B) Purulent
C) Hemorrhagic
D) Fibrinous

Question 26

A 10-year-old male is diagnosed with a large tapeworm. Which of the following cells would be produced in response to this worm?

A) Monocytes
B) Eosinophils
C) Neutrophils
D) Natural killer cells

Question 27

The cleanup of a lesion involving the dissolution of fibrin clots by fibrinolytic enzymes is a process called:

A) closure.
B) reconstruction.
C) debridement.
D) scraping.

Question 28

A 2-year-old female presents with difficulty breathing and an edematous appearance. Her mother reports that the condition is recurrent and seems to occur more often during stressful situations. The child is diagnosed with angioneurotic edema. Which of the following is deficient in this child?

A) C1 esterase inhibitor
B) Carboxypeptidase
C) Neutrophils
D) Plasmin

Question 29

A 5-year-old male is diagnosed with a bacterial infection. Cultures of the bacteria revealed lipopolysaccharides on the bacterial cell surface. Which of the complement pathways would be activated in this case?

A) Classical pathway
B) Lectin pathway
C) Alternative pathway
D) Kinin pathway

Question 30

The phagocyte's role begins when the inflammatory response causes it to stick avidly to capillary walls in a process called:

A) margination.
B) exudation.
C) diapedesis.
D) emigration.

Question 31

A patient with scurvy generally expresses impaired wound healing caused by a lack of:

A) ascorbic acid.
B) vitamin E.
C) vitamin K.
D) pyridoxine.

Question 32

A 65-year-old female is diagnosed with metastatic breast cancer. Which of the following cells would be produced in large quantities to eliminate the tumor cells?

A) Neutrophils
B) Eosinophils
C) Natural killer cells
D) Platelets

Question 33

An infant develops a fever secondary to a bacterial infection. Which of the following most likely triggered the fever?

A) Interleukin-1
B) Interleukin-6
C) Interleukin-10
D) Interferons

Question 34

A 54-year-old male IV drug user is diagnosed with chronic hepatitis C.Testing revealed that he is a candidate for treatment. Which of the following could be used to treat his condition?

A) Interleukin-1
B) Interleukin-6
C) Interleukin-10
D) Interferon

Question 35

A 30-year-old male was involved in a motor vehicle accident. The glass from the shattered window cut his face and neck. The scar, however, was raised and extended beyond the original boundaries of the wound. This pattern of scarring is caused by:

A) nutritional deficiency.
B) impaired collagen synthesis.
C) impaired epithelialization.
D) impaired contraction.

Question 36

A 12-year-old male is fighting with another child when he receives a puncture wound from a pencil. The school nurse cleans and bandages the wound. After about 1 week, the wound would be in which phase of healing?

A) Debridement
B) Primary intention
C) Reconstruction
D) Maturation