Deck 39: Structure, Function, and Disorders of the Integument

Question 1

More heat may be conserved by the body if blood is shunted away from the arteriovenous anastomoses in the:

A) epidermis.
B) dermis.
C) hypodermis.
D) fascia beneath the skin.

Answer 1

dermis.

Question 2

A 12-year-old female visits her physician to obtain acne medication for recurrent acne vulgaris. This condition is an inflammatory disorder of the:

A) apocrine glands.
B) pilosebaceous follicle.
C) hair follicle.
D) eccrine gland.

Answer 2

pilosebaceous follicle.

Question 3

A 19-year-old female developed a circular, demarcated, and salmon-pink lesion. Two weeks later she developed more lesions over the trunk and upper part of the extremities. This disorder is caused by a:

A) parasite.
B) virus.
C) bacteria.
D) fungus.

Answer 3

virus.

Question 4

A 12-year-old female notices her hair and skin feel more oily than normal. Her physician explains that during puberty her sebaceous glands enlarge and are stimulated by:

A) testosterone.
B) estrogen.
C) vitamin D.
D) progesterone.

Question 5

In discoid lupus erythematosus, skin lesions are often accompanied by:

A) bone deformities.
B) vasospasm in the extremities.
C) arterial aneurysms.
D) bone marrow suppression.

Question 6

Of the sweat glands, the _____ glands are most abundant in the axilla and genital areas.

A) eccrine
B) apocrine
C) sebaceous
D) subcutaneous

Question 7

A 42-year-old female presents with raised red lesions with a brownish scale. She was diagnosed with discoid lupus erythematosus. This disorder is caused by:

A) infection.
B) trauma.
C) autoimmunity.
D) cancer.

Question 8

To promote efficient wound healing, dressings applied to a dermal pressure ulcer should be:

A) flat and dry.
B) flat and moist.
C) bulky and dry.
D) bulky and moist.

Question 9

Which cells are involved in initiating immune responses in the skin?

A) Langerhans cells
B) Merkel cells
C) Keratinocytes
D) Melanocytes

Question 10

Tinea corporis (ringworm) is a _____ infection of the skin.

A) nematode
B) fungal
C) viral
D) bacterial

Question 11

Individuals of _____ descent are more prone to developing keloids.

A) African-American
B) Northern European
C) Asian
D) Native American

Question 12

A 23-year-old male received a knife wound in a fight. His scar was sharply elevated, irregularly shaped, and progressively enlarging. This condition is caused by excessive amounts of _____ in the corneum during connective tissue repair.

A) elastin
B) collagen
C) keratin
D) calcification

Question 13

Dermal appendages include all of the following structures except:

A) sweat glands.
B) nails.
C) dermal papilla.
D) hair.

Question 14

A 50-year-old male recently underwent a liver transplant and is taking immunosuppressive drugs. He now has pain and vesicular eruptions on the face and trunk. He reports that he had chickenpox as a child. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?

A) Erysipelas
B) Poliomyelitis
C) Warts
D) Herpes zoster

Question 15

A 9-year-old male presents with severe erythematous bullous lesions. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?

A) Pemphigus
B) Acne vulgaris
C) Lupus erythematosus
D) Stevens-Johnson syndrome

Question 16

A 25-year-old paralyzed male develops a dermal pressure ulcer. The first indication of this ulcer was:

A) redness.
B) whiteness.
C) blueness.
D) ulceration.

Question 17

A 45-year-old male presents with a chronic blister-forming disease of the skin and oral mucous membranes. This condition is referred to as:

A) lupus erythematosus.
B) pemphigus.
C) psoriasis.
D) eczema.

Question 18

A 70-year-old male nursing home resident developed a dermal pressure ulcer. This condition is most often caused by:

A) arteriosclerosis.
B) malnutrition.
C) mental depression.
D) unrelieved pressure.

Question 19

A 23-year-old male opiate abuser develops pruritus. An increase in which of the following is associated with pruritus?

A) Substance P
B) Norepinephrine
C) Dopamine
D) Acetylcholine

Question 20

Keratinocytes are found in which layer of the skin?

A) Epidermis
B) Papillary layer of the dermis
C) Reticular layer of the dermis
D) Hypodermis

Question 21

A 40-year-old female is diagnosed with skin cancer. Her physician explains that the most important risk factor for skin cancer is:

A) amount of direct sun exposure at a young age.
B) amount of sun exposure over age 50.
C) lifetime amount of sun exposure.
D) living in equatorial regions where the sun is most intense.

Question 22

A 10-year-old male is given penicillin for an infection. He has an allergic reaction, during which he develops urticarial lesions. These lesions are mediated by the release of:

A) beta-adrenergic agonists.
B) histamine.
C) calcium.
D) cortisol.

Question 23

Which of the following burns is the most painful?

A) First degree
B) Superficial partial-thickness
C) Deep partial-thickness
D) Third degree

Question 24

Scleroderma involves _____ of the skin.

A) thinning
B) darkening
C) necrosis
D) hardening

Question 25

A 20-year-old female presents with vaginal itch and thin-walled pustular lesions. She is diagnosed with candidiasis. This condition is caused by a(n):

A) yeast.
B) virus.
C) bacterium.
D) autoimmunity.

Question 26

A 13-year-old female is concerned about several pigmented skin lesions on her body. Her physician tells her that these lesions must be monitored because of their ability to transform into malignant melanoma. These lesions are referred to as:

A) macules.
B) nevi.
C) plaques.
D) keloids.

Question 27

In burn injury patients, the Rule of Nines and the Lund and Browder chart are used to estimate:

A) depth of burn injury.
B) effect of preexisting disease.
C) degree of systemic involvement.
D) total body surface area burned.

Question 28

Increased blood viscosity in the first 24 hours of burn shock predisposes the patient to:

A) hyperthermia.
B) immunosuppression.
C) blood clotting.
D) pathologic hypertension.

Question 29

Candidiasis is likely to be exacerbated by:

A) poor hygiene.
B) older age.
C) systemic antibiotics.
D) anemia.

Question 30

A 30-year-old male fire fighter is badly burned and is admitted to the emergency department. Which of the following would be expected in the first 24 hours?

A) Decreased capillary permeability
B) Diuresis
C) Decreased levels of stress hormones
D) Significant decrease in systemic vascular resistance

Question 31

A 30-year-old female has a history of frequent candidiasis. The region most likely affected is the:

A) plantar surface of the foot.
B) eyes.
C) ears.
D) mucous membranes.

Question 32

A 36-year-old male is experiencing frontotemporal hair recession. He is diagnosed with male pattern baldness, a form of:

A) alopecia.
B) areata.
C) hirsutism.
D) paronychia.

Question 33

A 10-year-old male is playing with matches and gets burned. His burn develops large water-filled blisters immediately after the injury. This burn is classified as:

A) first degree.
B) superficial partial-thickness.
C) deep partial-thickness.
D) third degree.

Question 34

What is the prognosis for patients with scleroderma?

A) Treatment with antibiotics reverses the disease process.
B) Surgical treatments significantly reduce the risk of dying from the disease.
C) The condition is chronic but not life threatening.
D) There is no cure, and many individuals with scleroderma die within 5 years.

Question 35

Which of the following malignant skin lesions is the most serious?

A) Basal cell carcinoma
B) Squamous cell carcinoma
C) Kaposi sarcoma
D) Malignant melanoma

Question 36

Hypovolemia in the early stages of burn shock is directly related to:

A) decreased cardiac contractility and shunting of blood away from visceral organs.
B) increased capillary permeability and evaporative water loss.
C) hypometabolism and renal water loss.
D) bacterial infection of the wound and resulting bacteremia.

Question 37

A 27-year-old male AIDS patient developed Kaposi sarcoma. Which of the following is the most likely risk factor associated with his disease?

A) Malnourished
B) Exposed to hepatitis B
C) Immunosuppressed
D) Diabetic

Question 38

A 28-year-old male is admitted to the burn unit 2 hours after receiving second- and third-degree burns over 50% of his body surface in an industrial explosion. Abnormal vital signs include low blood pressure and tachycardia. Lab results show a high hematocrit. Urine output is low, and he is developing generalized edema. These clinical manifestations of the systemic response to the burn injury can be attributed to:

A) sick cell syndrome.
B) loss of capillary seal.
C) renal failure.
D) increased ventricular preload.

Question 39

A 29-year-old female is burned through all her dermis with only a few epidermal appendages intact. This burn is classified as:

A) first degree.
B) superficial partial-thickness.
C) deep partial-thickness.
D) third degree.

Question 40

A 52-year-old female is diagnosed with scleroderma. Which complication results in skin ulcers to the fingers and nail shedding?

A) Cutaneous vasculitis
B) Raynaud phenomenon
C) Cellulitis
D) Candidiasis

Question 41

A 15-year-old female complains of hair growth on her face and body. This condition is referred to as:

A) alopecia.
B) areata.
C) hirsutism.
D) paronychia.