Deck 35: Alterations of Digestive Function in Children

Question 1

An 8-week-old female is diagnosed with a congenital heart disease and Down syndrome. Her parents report that she has difficulty defecating. X-ray reveals anorectal malformation that causes complete obstruction often referred to as:

A) intussusception.
B) imperforate anus.
C) anal stenosis.
D) megacolon.

Answer 1

anal stenosis.

Question 2

Examination of a newborn female revealed that the esophagus ends in a blind pouch. This condition is referred to as:

A) esophageal atresia.
B) tracheoesophageal stenosis.
C) tracheoesophageal regurgitation.
D) tracheoesophageal fistula.

Answer 2

esophageal atresia.

Question 3

Marasmus is a severe dietary deficiency of:

A) fatty acids.
B) protein.
C) iron.
D) all nutrients.

Answer 3

all nutrients.

Question 4

A 2-month-old female is brought to the ER for persistent bile-stained vomiting after feeding. Physical examination reveals dehydration, and x-ray reveals that the colon is located in the upper right quadrant. The most likely cause of this condition is:

A) malrotation.
B) ileocecal displacement.
C) duodenal obstruction.
D) colomyotomy.

Question 5

A condition that occurs in many mothers carrying fetuses affected by esophageal malformations is:

A) enlarged placentas.
B) excessive amniotic fluid.
C) short umbilical cords.
D) thin fetal membranes.

Question 6

A 13-month-old infant presents with vomiting; abdominal pain; and pale, bulky, greasy, and foul-smelling stools. A possible diagnosis would be:

A) failure to thrive.
B) gluten-sensitive enteropathy.
C) gastroesophageal reflux.
D) meconium ileus.

Question 7

Occurrence of gastroesophageal reflux is highest in which pediatric population?

A) Premature infants
B) Infants with Down syndrome
C) Children with cystic fibrosis
D) Children with esophageal atresia

Question 8

The primary characteristic of Hirschsprung disease is:

A) bowel dilation and fecal impaction.
B) pancreatic insufficiency.
C) hyperactive peristalsis.
D) ileal or jejunal atresia.

Question 9

A mother brings her 2-week-old infant to the pediatrician because he vomits forcefully for no apparent reason and food sometimes is regurgitated through his nose. The infant is most likely suffering from:

A) pyloric stenosis.
B) meconium ileus.
C) esophageal atresia.
D) galactosemia.

Question 10

A 3D ultrasound of a 9-week fetus revealed incomplete fusion of the nasomedial or intermaxillary process. This child will be born with:

A) cleft lip.
B) nasal passage atresia.
C) esophageal atresia.
D) lack of dentition.

Question 11

A sign that a newborn infant is suffering from pyloric stenosis is:

A) diarrhea.
B) bile regurgitation.
C) vomiting after feeding.
D) ascites.

Question 12

A 6-month-old male infant is brought to the ER after the sudden development of abdominal pain, irritability, and vomiting followed by passing of "currant jelly" stool. Ultrasound reveals intestinal obstruction in which the ileum collapsed through the ileocecal valve and invaginated into the large intestine. This type of obstruction is referred to as:

A) prolapse.
B) introlapse.
C) intussusception.
D) imperforation.

Question 13

Kwashiorkor is a severe dietary deficiency of:

A) fat-soluble vitamins.
B) carbohydrates.
C) protein.
D) calcium and magnesium.

Question 14

Celiac disease or sprue is caused by alterations of the intestinal:

A) glands.
B) villi.
C) smooth muscle wall.
D) sphincters.

Question 15

A newborn male is diagnosed with cleft palate. The pediatrician counsels the parents that if left uncorrected, the child will probably suffer from:

A) tonsil atrophy.
B) recurrent pharyngeal infections.
C) difficulty breathing.
D) excessive dental decay.

Question 16

A newborn male begins vomiting a few hours after birth. Physical examination reveals tachypnea, intercostal retractions, and grunting respirations. The next day he develops abdominal distention. The child should be screened for:

A) muscular dystrophy.
B) cerebral palsy.
C) cystic fibrosis.
D) multiple sclerosis.

Question 17

An 8-week-old male was recently diagnosed with cystic fibrosis. Which of the following digestive alterations would be expected?

A) Insufficient bile production
B) Gastric atrophy
C) Hypersecretion of stomach acid
D) Malabsorption

Question 18

A 2-month-old female with Down syndrome is diagnosed with Hirschsprung disease following chronic constipation. The most likely cause of these symptoms is a malformation in the:

A) central nervous system.
B) parasympathetic nervous system.
C) sympathetic nervous system.
D) somatic nervous system.

Question 19

Congenital _____ is a functional obstruction of the colon caused by inadequate motility.

A) ganglionic microcolon
B) aganglionic megacolon
C) hyperganglionic megacolon
D) hyperparasympathetic megacolon

Question 20

A newborn male begins vomiting a few hours after birth. Physical examination reveals tachypnea, intercostal retractions, and grunting respirations. The next day he develops abdominal distention. The child's symptoms are most likely caused by:

A) increased production of meconium.
B) abnormally sticky meconium.
C) enteric dysfunction resulting in abnormal peristalsis.
D) abnormally high levels of digestive enzymes.

Question 21

Early identification and treatment for metabolic disorders is important because:

A) permanent damage to vital organs can be prevented.
B) surgery is usually necessary.
C) cure rates are higher with early detection.
D) death usually occurs within the first month.

Question 22

A 27-year-old male presents with fever, gastrointestinal bleeding, hepatomegaly, and transient joint pain. He reports that as a child he received blood transfusions following a motor vehicle accident. He also indicates he was vaccinated against hepatitis B. Which of the following types of hepatitis does he most likely have?

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D

Question 23

Prolonged diarrhea is more serious in children than adults because:

A) children have lower adipose reserves.
B) fluid reserves are lower in children.
C) children have a lower metabolic rate.
D) children are more resistant to antimicrobial therapy.

Question 24

A 1-week-old female is brought to her pediatrician for abdominal distention and unstable temperature. Physical examination reveals bradycardia and apnea. Tests reveal hypoxic injury to the bowel resulting in bacterial invasion and perforation. This condition is referred to as:

A) infective enteropathy.
B) necrotizing enterocolitis.
C) mucoviscidosis.
D) ileus.

Question 25

A 7-month-old female presents with jaundice, clay-colored stool, and failure to gain weight. Testing reveals the absence of intrahepatic bile ducts. This condition is referred to as:

A) hepatic atresia.
B) portal atresia.
C) sinusoidal atresia.
D) biliary atresia.

Question 26

Increased bilirubin production and impaired hepatic excretion of bilirubin can lead to:

A) biliary hypertrophy.
B) physiologic jaundice.
C) hepatitis A.
D) infantile cirrhosis.

Question 27

The primary clinical manifestation of biliary atresia is:

A) kernicterus.
B) jaundice.
C) hypobilirubinemia.
D) ascites.

Question 28

A 7-month-old female presents with jaundice, clay-colored stool, and failure to gain weight. Testing reveals the absence of intrahepatic bile ducts. If left untreated, the child may develop:

A) splenomegaly.
B) protein malabsorption.
C) liver failure.
D) hepatic atrophy.

Question 29

Outbreaks of hepatitis _____ often occur in young children attending day care centers and can be attributed to poor hand washing.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D

Question 30

A 3-month-old female presents with intention tremors, dystonia, greenish yellow rings in the cornea, and hepatomegaly. Tests reveal a defect on chromosome 13. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?

A) Galactosemia
B) Fructosemia
C) Wilson disease
D) Cirrhosis

Question 31

Extrahepatic portal hypertension is caused by an obstruction in the:

A) sinusoids.
B) bile ducts.
C) hepatic portal vein.
D) hepatic artery.