Deck 36: Structure and Function of the Musculoskeletal System

Question 1

Costal cartilage is located between:

A) the vertebrae.
B) the ribs and sternum.
C) the sutures of the skull.
D) the facial bones.

Answer 1

the ribs and sternum.

Question 2

The elbow joint is an example of:

A) an amphiarthrosis.
B) a diarthrosis.
C) a synarthrosis.
D) a symphysis.

Answer 2

a diarthrosis.

Question 3

Which of these structures are not present in compact bone?

A) Haversian canals
B) Trabeculae
C) Lacunae
D) Lamellae

Answer 3

Trabeculae

Question 4

Blood vessels penetrate to the inner structures of the bone via:

A) Volkmann canals.
B) canaliculi.
C) Sharpey canals.
D) osteons.

Question 5

Phase 2 of the bone remodeling cycle involves bone:

A) formation.
B) activation.
C) resorption.
D) fracturing.

Question 6

Which of the following molecules is not part of the bone matrix?

A) Collagen fibers
B) Elastin fibers
C) Proteoglycans
D) Glycoproteins

Question 7

Which of the following is not a synovial joint in the body?

A) A syndesmosis type that connects two vertebrae
B) A spheroid type found in the shoulder
C) A hinge type found in the elbow
D) A gliding type found in the hand

Question 8

After puberty, the epiphyseal plate calcifies and the epiphysis and _____ merge.

A) epiphyseal line
B) diaphyseal plate
C) metaphysis
D) articular cartilage

Question 9

Generally, fibrous joints are:

A) immovable.
B) slightly movable.
C) freely movable.
D) calcified.

Question 10

Which cells are osteoblasts found within mineralized bone matrix?

A) Osteoclasts
B) Osteocytes
C) Fibrocytes
D) Osteoids

Question 11

The internal structure of bone is maintained by remodeling, a three-phase process in which existing bone is resorbed and new bone is laid down to replace it. Remodeling is done by clusters of bone cells called:

A) precursor stimulating cells.
B) osteoclastic cutting cones.
C) basic multicellular units.
D) Haversian system cells.

Question 12

Which of the following shapes is not an accepted classification for the 206 bones of the axial and appendicular skeleton?

A) Long
B) Flat
C) Short
D) Regular

Question 13

Which of the following are both subclassifications of cartilaginous joints?

A) Sutures and gomphosis
B) Syndesmosis and gomphosis
C) Symphysis and synchondrosis
D) Gomphosis and synchondrosis

Question 14

Joints are classified according to the degree of movement they permit. Which of the following terms describes a freely movable joint?

A) Synarthrosis
B) Amphiarthrosis
C) Biarthrosis
D) Diarthrosis

Question 15

The major difference between compact bone and spongy bone is the:

A) organization of the structural elements.
B) location within the body.
C) activating chemicals in each.
D) types of minerals in the bone matrix.

Question 16

Hydroxyapatite in the bone matrix contains which of the following molecules in its crystalline structure?

A) Calcium and magnesium
B) Collagen and phosphate
C) Phosphate and calcium
D) Magnesium and hydrogen

Question 17

The component of the bone matrix that gives bone tensile strength is:

A) calcium.
B) phosphate.
C) collagen.
D) magnesium.

Question 18

The joints between the teeth and the maxilla or mandible are examples of a:

A) symphysis.
B) diarthrosis.
C) gomphosis.
D) syndesmosis.

Question 19

Osteocalcin is a:

A) glycoprotein.
B) hormone.
C) mineral.
D) vitamin.

Question 20

Which of the following glycoproteins binds to calcium in the bones?

A) Hydroxyapatite
B) Sialoprotein
C) Osteodentin
D) Albumin

Question 21

Which layer forms the fascicles in skeletal muscle?

A) Tendon sheath
B) Endomysium
C) Epimysium
D) Perimysium

Question 22

Skeletal muscle is controlled directly by the central nervous system via a system of motor and sensory nerve fibers. Which of the following terms is not used to describe skeletal muscle?

A) Voluntary
B) Striated
C) Extrafusal
D) Fibrotic

Question 23

An isolated muscle is believed to be a type 2 fiber. Which of the following should be observed upon stimulation?

A) Slow contraction speed
B) Fatigued easily
C) Profuse capillary supply
D) Oxidative metabolism

Question 24

Which structure is the contractile subunit of the myofibril?

A) Sarcoplasmic reticulum
B) Actin
C) Motor endplate
D) Sarcomere

Question 25

During which stage of muscle contraction does actin bind to myosin?

A) Coupling
B) Relaxation
C) Discharging
D) Excitation

Question 26

_____ ions directly control the contraction of muscles.

A) Sodium
B) Potassium
C) Calcium
D) Magnesium

Question 27

The main energy source or fuel for skeletal muscle contraction is:

A) calcium.
B) lactic acid.
C) ATP.
D) actin.

Question 28

An isolated muscle is believed to be a type 1 fiber. Which of the following should be observed upon stimulation?

A) Slow contraction speed
B) Large fiber diameter
C) Rapid firing frequency
D) Glycolysis metabolism

Question 29

The epimysium, perimysium, and endomysium are made of:

A) bone.
B) epithelium.
C) fascia.
D) cartilage.

Question 30

The lowest ratio of motor units per unit of muscle would be seen in which of the following muscle groups?

A) Lower leg muscles
B) Back muscles
C) Upper arm muscles
D) Finger muscles

Question 31

When a muscle acts as the prime mover, it is called the:

A) flexor.
B) recruiter.
C) antagonist.
D) agonist.

Question 32

Which molecule prevents a muscle contraction from occurring when the muscle is at rest?

A) Calcium
B) Troponin-tropomyosin
C) Actin
D) Myosin

Question 33

Which of the following structures is the contractile unit of a muscle cell?

A) Motor unit
B) Basement membrane
C) Myofibril
D) Ribosome

Question 34

Which of the following describes a functional muscle contraction in which the muscle contracts but the limb does not move?

A) Isotonic contraction
B) Isometric contraction
C) Eccentric contraction
D) Concentric contraction