Deck 31: Structure and Function of the Reproductive Systems

Question 1

Having ejected a mature ovum, the ovarian follicle then develops into:

A) an atretic follicle.
B) a thecal follicle.
C) a corpus luteum.
D) scar tissue.

Answer 1

a corpus luteum.

Question 2

The female erectile organ that secretes smegma is called the:

A) introitus.
B) Bartholin glands.
C) clitoris.
D) labia minora.

Answer 2

clitoris.

Question 3

Cells of the ____ have receptors for gonadotropins.

A) uterus
B) breast
C) ovary
D) vagina

Answer 3

ovary

Question 4

During the years that a woman is more likely to be sexually active, the vagina mucosa is protected from infection by:

A) presence of autoantibodies.
B) an acidic pH.
C) low estrogen levels.
D) douching.

Question 5

The _____ is lined with columnar epithelial cells.

A) perimetrium
B) endocervical canal
C) myometrium
D) vagina

Question 6

The usual site of fertilization is the:

A) uterus.
B) fimbriae.
C) ampulla of the fallopian tubes.
D) os of the fallopian tubes.

Question 7

Progesterone is often referred to as "the hormone of pregnancy." Which of the following phrases describes its action during pregnancy?

A) Stimulates lactation
B) Increases ciliary action in the fallopian tubes
C) Thins the endometrium
D) Prevents smooth muscle contraction of the uterus

Question 8

The duct that carries the ovum from the ovary to the uterus is called the:

A) isthmus.
B) ductus deferens.
C) endocervical canal.
D) fallopian tube.

Question 9

Progesterone is primarily secreted by the:

A) follicle.
B) corpus luteum.
C) granulose cells.
D) anterior pituitary.

Question 10

Which body structure contains the openings to the vagina and urinary meatus?

A) Vestibule
B) Mons pubis
C) Introitus
D) Perineal body

Question 11

Spinnbarkeit mucus is present during which stage of the menstrual cycle?

A) Follicular
B) Ovulation
C) Luteal
D) Menstrual

Question 12

The thick middle layer of the uterine wall is the:

A) epithelial layer.
B) endometrium.
C) myometrium.
D) perimetrium.

Question 13

When estrogen and progesterone levels drop, the endometrium enters:

A) the proliferative phase.
B) the luteal phase.
C) the menstrual phase.
D) the recovery phase.

Question 14

The major hormonal determinant of sexual differentiation in utero is:

A) estrogen.
B) progesterone.
C) growth hormone.
D) testosterone.

Question 15

Which hormone promotes the formation of channels in the mucus of the cervical os to facilitate sperm movement into the uterus?

A) Luteinizing hormone (LH)
B) Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
C) Progesterone
D) Estrogen

Question 16

Menstruation is followed by the _____ phase of the menstrual cycle.

A) follicular
B) luteal
C) secretory
D) ischemic

Question 17

The ova are contained within the ovarian:

A) corpus luteum.
B) follicle.
C) stroma.
D) infundibulum.

Question 18

The most potent of the following estrogens is:

A) estradiol.
B) testosterone.
C) estrone.
D) estriol.

Question 19

A 56-year-old female is in menopause. She has ovarian failure. Which of the following also occurs?

A) Increased FSH
B) Increased estrogen
C) Decreased GnRH
D) Decreased LH

Question 20

Puberty in males and females is triggered by the hormone:

A) follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH).
B) luteinizing hormone (LH).
C) leptin.
D) estrogen.

Question 21

A 25-year-old female has a menstrual cycle of 28 days' duration. What day of the cycle will ovulation occur?

A) 14
B) 21
C) 25
D) 28

Question 22

Changes in the cervical mucus can be used to identify the periods in which a female is most fertile. During ovulation, cervical mucus can be described as:

A) blood-tinged.
B) thin and watery.
C) absent.
D) abundant and elastic.

Question 23

Which of the following is a normal characteristic of aging and the male reproductive system?

A) Changes in libido not related to health status
B) Increased tissue responsiveness to testosterone
C) Testicular hypertrophy
D) Prolonged refractory time after ejaculation

Question 24

Spermatogenesis occurs in the:

A) epididymis.
B) inguinal canals.
C) seminiferous tubules.
D) vas deferens.

Question 25

Endometrial thickening during the proliferative phase is stimulated by increased levels of:

A) estrogen.
B) progesterone.
C) FSH and LH.
D) inhibin.

Question 26

Which of the following is not a characteristic associated with declining ovarian function with age?

A) Vasomotor flush
B) Decline in bone mass
C) Decreased risk of coronary disease
D) Atrophy of the uterus

Question 27

The glands of Montgomery are located in the:

A) testes.
B) breasts.
C) uterus.
D) vagina.

Question 28

Which hormone promotes breast development during puberty?

A) Progesterone
B) Prolactin
C) Oxytocin
D) Estrogen

Question 29

Which of the following hormones stimulates follicular maturation?

A) Activin
B) Inhibin
C) LH
D) Follistatin

Question 30

Which of the following hormones plays a role in breast milk ejection (let down) during lactation?

A) Cortisol
B) Prolactin
C) Oxytocin
D) Progesterone

Question 31

Which of the following structures secretes glucose-rich fluid into the semen?

A) Seminal vesicles
B) Ejaculatory duct
C) Prostate gland
D) Cowper gland

Question 32

Male sex hormones are collectively known as:

A) gonadotropins.
B) testosterones.
C) catabolic steroids.
D) androgens.

Question 33

The major difference between male and female sex hormone production is that:

A) LH has no apparent action in the male.
B) sex hormone production in the male is relatively constant.
C) estrogen is not produced in the male.
D) in the male, GnRH does not cause the release of FSH.

Question 34

The area of the penis with the most nerve endings is the:

A) foreskin.
B) glans.
C) corpora cavernosa.
D) corpus spongiosum.

Question 35

The luteinizing hormone surge transforms granulosa cells into:

A) thecal cells.
B) corpus luteal cells.
C) ova.
D) fibroblasts.

Question 36

Which paired glands lie posterior to the urinary bladder in the male?

A) Seminal vesicles
B) Prostate glands
C) Cowper glands
D) Parabladder glands

Question 37

During the menstrual cycle, ovulation occurs after:

A) the gradual decrease in estrogen levels.
B) a sharp rise in luteinizing hormone (LH).
C) a surge in progesterone.
D) the release of activin.