Deck 12: Structure and Function of the Neurologic System

Question 1

A 20-year-old male was brought to the ER for severe burns. He requested something for the excruciating pain he was experiencing. Blocking which of the following neurotransmitters would reduce his pain?

A) Enkephalin
B) Dopamine
C) Acetylcholine
D) Substance P

Answer 1

Substance P

Question 2

The convolutions on the surface of the cerebrum are called:

A) sulci.
B) fissures.
C) reticular formations.
D) gyri.

Answer 2

gyri.

Question 3

In which region of the neuron do nerve impulses travel the fastest?

A) Axon
B) Axon hillock
C) Cell body
D) Dendrites

Answer 3

Axon

Question 4

Which of the following neurons have the capacity for regeneration?

A) Unmyelinated neurons in the brain
B) Myelinated neurons in the spinal cord
C) Myelinated peripheral neurons
D) Postganglionic motor neurons

Question 5

The primary visual cortex is located in the:

A) frontal lobe.
B) temporal lobe.
C) occipital lobe.
D) parietal lobe.

Question 6

The axon leaves the cell body at the:

A) axon hillock.
B) Nissl body.
C) node of Ranvier.
D) synaptic hillock.

Question 7

A 32-year-old female suffers from severe brain damage following a motor vehicle accident. After rehabilitation she notices that her thought processes and goal-oriented behavior are impaired. The area most likely responsible is the:

A) thalamus.
B) limbic.
C) prefrontal.
D) occipital.

Question 8

An experiment looking at an isolated neuron revealed a sensory nerve with one process containing a dendritic portion extending away from the CNS and an axon extending toward the CNS. Which of the following classifications would this neuron fall into?

A) Bipolar
B) Multipolar
C) Pseudounipolar
D) Interneuron

Question 9

Motor neurons are structurally classified as:

A) unipolar neurons.
B) pseudounipolar neurons.
C) bipolar neurons.
D) multipolar neurons.

Question 10

A 19-year-old male college student complains to his physician that he cannot stay awake in class regardless of how much sleep he gets. A drug that stimulates which of the following areas would best treat his problem?

A) Corpora quadrigemina
B) Reticular activating system
C) Cerebellum
D) Hypothalamus

Question 11

A nerve is stimulated by an electrical current. Upon stimulation, neurotransmitters are released from the:

A) synapse.
B) synaptic bouton.
C) synaptic cleft.
D) receptor.

Question 12

If a neuron's membrane potential is held close to the threshold potential by EPSPs, the neuron is said to be:

A) hyperpolarized.
B) facilitated.
C) integrated.
D) inhibited.

Question 13

A 45-year-old male was previously diagnosed with Parkinson disease. He has impaired fine repetitive motor movements. Which of the following areas is most likely damaged?

A) Basal ganglia
B) Prefrontal area
C) Hippocampus
D) Temporal lobe

Question 14

Neurotransmitters interact with the postsynaptic membrane by binding to a:

A) receptor.
B) Nissl body.
C) glial cell.
D) neurofibril.

Question 15

Which of the following transmit a nerve impulse at the highest rate?

A) Large nonmyelinated axons
B) Large myelinated axons
C) Small nonmyelinated axons
D) Small myelinated axons

Question 16

The region responsible for motor aspects of speech is termed the:

A) Wernicke area.
B) Broca area.
C) primary speech area.
D) insula.

Question 17

A cell was isolated from the CNS. Studies revealed that its main function was to clear cellular debris. Which of the following is the most likely cell type?

A) Astrocyte
B) Ependymal cell
C) Microglia
D) Schwann cell

Question 18

Which of the following is not a neuroglial cell?

A) Astrocyte
B) Oligodendrocyte
C) Neuron
D) Ependymal cell

Question 19

A neuron has a resting membrane potential of -70 mV and a threshold of 45 mV. It receives 2 EPSPs that change the membrane potential by 30 mV and 1 IPSP that changes it by 10 mV. Which of the following would occur?

A) Depolarization
B) Hyperpolarization
C) Facilitation
D) Action potential

Question 20

The somatic nervous system consists of pathways that control:

A) the heart.
B) the spinal cord.
C) skeletal muscle.
D) smooth muscle organs.

Question 21

The membrane that separates the cerebellum from the cerebrum is known as the:

A) tentorium cerebelli.
B) falx cerebri.
C) arachnoid membrane.
D) falx cerebelli.

Question 22

Maintenance of homeostasis and instinctive behavioral control arise from the:

A) thalamus.
B) medulla.
C) cerebellum.
D) hypothalamus.

Question 23

A patient presents with altered respiratory patterns following head trauma. A lesion in which of the following areas would cause these symptoms?

A) Cerebrum
B) Cerebellum
C) Midbrain
D) Hindbrain

Question 24

Stimulation of the vagus nerve causes:

A) increased gastrointestinal activity.
B) increased heart rate.
C) pupil constriction.
D) vasoconstriction.

Question 25

The outermost membrane surrounding the brain is the:

A) dura mater.
B) arachnoid mater.
C) pia mater.
D) falx cerebri.

Question 26

A cell that is involved in forming the blood-brain barrier is the:

A) microglia.
B) Schwann cell.
C) oligodendrocyte.
D) astrocyte.

Question 27

Characteristics of upper motor neurons include:

A) directly innervating muscles.
B) influencing and modifying spinal reflex arcs.
C) cell bodies located in the gray matter of the spinal cord.
D) dendritic processes extending out of the CNS.

Question 28

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) can accumulate around the brain when there is injury to the sites of CSF reabsorption, which are called the:

A) arachnoid villi.
B) epidural foramina.
C) lateral apertures.
D) choroid plexuses.

Question 29

The _____ ensures collateral blood flow from blood vessels supplying the brain.

A) carotid arteries
B) basal artery
C) circle of Willis
D) vertebral arteries

Question 30

Reflex activities concerned with heart rate and blood pressure are controlled by the:

A) medulla oblongata.
B) pons.
C) midbrain.
D) cerebrum.

Question 31

A patient begins taking a new drug that causes pupil dilation, vasoconstriction, decreased gastrointestinal motility, and goose bumps. Which of the following receptors are activated?

A) Alpha 1
B) Alpha 2
C) Beta 1
D) Beta 2

Question 32

The brain receives approximately _____ of the cardiac output.

A) 80%
B) 20%
C) 40%
D) 10%

Question 33

The _____ is a transverse fiber tract that connects the two cerebral hemispheres.

A) peduncle
B) corpus callosum
C) basal ganglia
D) pons

Question 34

A 40-year-old male suffers from a head trauma that affects cranial nerve I. Which of the following symptoms would be expected?

A) Visual disturbances
B) Loss of sense of smell
C) Loss of ability to taste
D) Hearing disturbances

Question 35

Parasympathetic motor neurons release the neurotransmitter:

A) epinephrine.
B) serotonin.
C) acetylcholine.
D) substance P.

Question 36

Which of the following areas of the spinal cord contains cell bodies involved in the autonomic nervous system?

A) Anterior horn
B) Ventral horn
C) Lateral horn
D) Dorsal horn

Question 37

An effect of $\beta$ -1 receptor stimulation is:

A) dilation of the coronary arteries.
B) arterial vasoconstriction.
C) increase in the strength of myocardial contraction.
D) decrease in the rate of myocardial contraction.

Question 38

Sensory pathways in the spinal cord include the:

A) corticospinal tract.
B) pyramids.
C) spinothalamic tract.
D) anterior column.

Question 39

A 12-year-old female presents with hydrocephalus. Blockage of which of the following would cause this condition?

A) Cerebral aqueduct
B) Inferior colliculi
C) Red nucleus
D) Tegmentum